Introduction
During the deep days of neoliberalism in 1980s, the WB and IMF argued as social policy is a waste of resources that invested in weaker sections of the society, which supposed to be invested in long-run productions instead (Chang, 2002). However, Mkandawire (2007) argued that the social policy significantly influences on economy and society, therefore it is a crucial in development. Furthermore, he stated that the social policy has number of roles, such as redistributive impacts on economy, protective functions on people from vagaries changes, and reproduction of society to enhance the further development.
The paper will define the various roles of social policy as Mkandawire referred. The aim of this study is to distinguish which role is the most important in the process of economic growth that enhance development and well being of the society. The description of roles will be critical in the light of why it is crucial, and whether why it worked in some countries or why not in other countries with wide range of evidences.
Redistribution
The redistributive role of the social policy is a redistribution of resources across society equally in order to tackle needs of bottom quintile as well as to tackle specific sectors where social investments are necessary in the context of fostering the development and decreasing the poverty. Although this is mostly believed that redistribution is a significant role of social policy in many countries, it is still arguable whether the income redistribution can be targeted equally across society or not. The main aim of redistributive social policy is to reduce the income inequality in the society in a way of providing free primary and secondary schooling, health service, pensions, housi...
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...s the economic growth, which decreases the income saving and leads people to get dependent on pensions that reduce the economic participation and productivity. However, Mkandawire (2007) argued that all social policies are efficient as well as there must have roles in social policies. Although, pension funds are used in different sectors, such as filling the gap of deficit, and generous pensions, it is still considered as efficient. The productive role of social policy focuses directly towards labours and innovation, because it causes increased productivity and economic participation by educated human capital. Thus, other roles can be combined with production role, which depends on what the society is aiming to achieve. However, the production is the most important as it increases income and savings that can contribute further growth and tackle conflicts of society.
This essay will look at defining what social policy is and give a brief overview of the selected policy. Examining the need for the policy, statistical evidence supporting this. Then the pressure groups lobbying and who may have been influential in policy development.
In the United States, there are political debates about the government’s role in aiding the poor and whether it is appropriate for the health of the poor to be their responsibility. This is also a relevant topic in the state of Texas alone because the distribution of wealth between the upper and lower classes in Texas can be described as unequal and unfair. However, people can also argue that those in the upper classes worked for their wealth and those considered poor in the lower classes should do the same. Therefore, in order to decide what the government’s role should be one must consider redistributing the wealth from upper income to the lower income households. It also must be determined if the current system
The lives of all individuals are impacted by social policies that have been created and written in the past and this impact will continue as historical social policies are updated and with each future social policies that is created and written. The impact of social policy is significant because, “Although social policy may address individual needs, it also typically benefits the host society” (Chapin, 2014, p.2). In other words, each social policy does not directly impact each individual in society, but overall social policies impact the entire society in some form or another. “Social policies are the rules, laws, and regulations that govern the benefits and services provided by the government and private organizations to assist people in
Social equality is the concept in which all individuals possess the same fundamental basic liberties, opportunities, moral value/respect, and social benefits. The concept of ‘equality’ has a multiplicity of meanings and definitions, and with the rise of liberalization and democratization around the world ‘social equality’ has become the most predominant. As economic openness creates greater wealth disparities, the parallel rise of democratization has enabled citizens to demand more accountability measures and public welfare services from their governments in order to manage such disparities. Although the movement towards greater social equality has made significant strides with the establishment of equal rights (especially in the 1960s following the civil rights and women rights movement), inequality is still widespread in society among different ethnicities, social classes, and even religions. Inequality is not, however, a characteristic that only encompasses/embodies developing countries, but also embodies developed countries as well.
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The issue of global wealth redistribution has become an increasingly fundamental topic in our globalized world. The vast amount of literature on this topic has left philosophers and economists to seek questions on whether there is a duty to redistribute wealth and in what way it should be distributed globally. The uncertainty over this remains a key impediment to real life progress. Nevertheless, the crucial aspect of this debate is to understand whether individuals have an obligation to redistribute wealth internationally. There are many deep controversial issues that conflict with the justness of responsibility. However in this paper, I will be using a cosmopolitan outlook by opening up the discussion of the current global situation and what duty an individual in the developed states has to redistribute globally. I will also analyze the poverty in the third world, and assess whether distributing wealth is the most effective mechanism compared to other alternatives.
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Throughout this assignment a variety of terminology will be used, first it is appropriate to define what the term ‘Social Policy’ means. Social policy can be defined in different ways and ‘there is no established or agreed definition of social policy’ (Baldock et, al., 1999:21). From reading different books on social policy, the author’s understanding of social policy is it provides guidelines to deal with social problems . Social problems are matters which direct...
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In order for any country to survive in comparison to another developed country they must be able to grow and sustain a healthy and flourishing economy. This paper is designed to give a detailed insight of economic growth and the sectors that influence economic growth. Economic growth in a country is essential to the reduction of poverty, without such reduction; poverty would continue to increase therefore economic growth is inevitable. Through economic growth, it is also an aid in the reduction of the unemployment rate and it also helps to reduce the budget deficit of the government. Economic growth can also encourage better living standards for all it is citizens because with economic growth there are improvements in the public sectors, educational and healthcare facilities. Through economic growth social spending can also be increased without an increase of taxes.