The study defines “default” is a risk to the repayment history of borrowers where the borrowers are missed at least three installments in 24 months. This showed a symbol and indication of borrower behavior will actually default to cease all repayments. This definition does not mean that the borrower had entirely stopped paying the loan and therefore been referred to collection or legal processes; or from an accounting perspective that the loan had been classified as bad or doubtful, or actually written-off (Pearson & Greeff, 2006). While, McMillion (2004) states that default is the risk where the borrower unable to pay the loans. Default risk increased if a borrower has large number of liabilities and poor cash flow. Therefore, people who are having a high default risk stand a greater chance of loan being denied. Little empirical research has been carried out in the United Kingdom on everyday experiences of debt. Findings showed that socio demographic factors played a relatively minor role in debt repayment. In the study by Livingstone and Lunt (1992) found that attitudinal factor is the important predictors of debt repayment. Repayment performance refers to the total loans paid on time as stated in the loan agreement contract. A study by Takroni (1980) defines failure to repay same as failed to comply with the contractual obligation. While, in the study by Godwin (1999) measures the indicator of a pending financial problem is late payments. 2.3 Household Income In finance terms, household income is the combined income of all members of a household who jointly apply for credit. Household income is an important risk measurement used by lenders for underwriting loans. Livingstone and Lunt (1992) emphasizes that the disposable inc... ... middle of paper ... ...gency (CCMA) (2012), the main reasons people fail to pay a debt were poor financial planning (25%), high medical expenses (22%), business failures or slowdowns (15%), loss of control on the usage of credit cards (13%), and loss of jobs or retrenchments (10%). Therefore, Lea, Webley and Walker (1995) found that debt with economic, social and psychology factor are closely related. In the study by Orr, Sporn, Tracy, and Huang (2011) most individuals suffering from financial hardship due to unemployment and almost half of their respondents failed to repay the loan. When an individual does not work that means they are no longer a source of income to earn a living what else to repay the loan. This is supported by Canner and Luckett (1990) found that the probability of loan delinquencies were positive with household unemployment, divorce, family size, and minority status.
other over borrowers face is that when they are faced with unforeseeable events and financial
Recent studies show that the number of individuals who default on their student loans has been steadily increasing as well. Statistics from the Institute for Higher Education Policy (IHEP) show that between 2004 and 2009 only 37% of federal student loan borrowers were able to make uninterrupted payments; it is an annual average of 7.4% (Cunningham, and Kienzl). According to IHEP, for every one borrower who defaulted, two ...
A majority of mortgage defaults that Americans used were on subprime mortgage loans, which were high-interest-rate loans lent to people with high risk credit rates (Brue). Despite knowing the risks, the Federal government encouraged major banks to lend out these loans to buyers, in hopes, of broadening ho...
I chose to do my book review on Brad and Ted Klontz’s “Mind Over Money: Overcoming the Money Disorders That Threaten Our Financial Health” because I have observed, and participated in, bad financial decisions that have greatly impacted my family for decades. I’ve taken many personal steps to attempt to break the cycle of destruction that ended my parents’ marriage, and to raise my children in a debt free environment. Unfortunately, it has not been an easy task. I have read many financial self help books and attended seminars on the subject. This book caught my attention when it said that simply learning how to budget and pay off debt isn’t enough, that one has to first understand our psychological relationship to money, and then move beyond the financial constraints we put on upon ourselves. For years I had struggled with debt and money management. I had always assumed it was my lack of education that held me from moving forward. Reading this book has been a welcome eye-opener.
For debt, it begins with a simple late or missed payment. These missed payments allow companies to punish card owners without discretion. With this, lenders hike up interest and payments on their customers for negligence, regardless of what their reason may be. Whether it was a tough month for the family or someone died and expenses had to be payed, lenders do not care one bit. From 2013 alone, student debt was at 1.21 trillion dollars, and mortgage standing at a whopping 7.9 trillion (Miller, R. K., & Washington, K. (2014). These loans also feed into why we as a country are in debt, which currently stands at seventeen trillion. These missed payments also greatly affect interest rates from lender companies. Companies wait for payments to come late, which allows them to impose fees and hidden charges that must be paid along with the delinquent payment. With increased rates comes...
of things to take into consideration when chosen to do student loans. The author argues
As college students now, we know how important it is to know about how to avoid debts because many of us are or will rely on student loans to get through our higher education. Champlain College’s Center for Financial Literacy used national data to grade each state in the United States on how much effort is put into providing financial literacy for their high school students. Based on the information gathered in 2015 only 5 states obtained a letter A grade on their financial literary education; these states are Utah, Missouri, Tennessee, Alabama, and Virginia. These states require their students to take between half a year to a whole year of a either general financial literacy or personal finance. It is unclear how the student achievement is measured after taking these courses, but the resources to learn about what to expect are provided and are required to be able to graduate from high school, which cannot be said about all other 45 states in our country. 11 of the states were given a letter F grade, including our beloved California. These states do not offer finance classes alone or embedded into other courses. Although the achievement of students who take these courses is not exactly measured after graduating it is still significant information for them to carry with them into their adulthood. Many high school graduates will enroll in a community college or a 4-year university and will be targeted by credit card companies because they lack the knowledge on how important credit is and how to avoid debts. This is not only a worry shared by the graduating students but by the parents as well. MasterCard gave a survey to its cardholder members and 64 percent of these adults said they were worried that their
We now live in a society where kids start their adult lives “in the red”, as their debt exceeds their income. (Draut, 2005) 60 years ago this wasn’t the case, as told by Studs Terkel in Hard Times-An Oral History of The Great Depression, “I had no idea how long $30 would last, but it sure would have to go a long way because I had nothing else. The semester fee was $22, so that left me $8 to go.” (Turkel, 1970) Imagine that! 60 years ago tuition was $22 dollars a semester! Furthermore, 45% of adults under 35 state they find themselves resorting to credit card use for basic living expenses like rent, groceries and utilities, (Draut, 2005) adding to their mounting debt. This use of credit puts them into an entirely different category of indebtedness: survival debt. (Draut, 2005) Imagine being forced to borrow to live! (Draut, 2005) If a car breaks down or someone gets sick, the only option available is using a credit card. (Draut,
When compared to countries with a lower amount of national debt, such as the United Kingdom and Sweden, America seems to be built on a foundation of materialism. American materialism influences its society to believe that the more things someone owns, the happier she will be. Many Americans insist on ownership of goods and services, despite how expensive some may be. Even if an individual lacks the necessary funds to afford said goods, however, she can still purchase them by using credit. Credit is money that a bank or business will allow a person to use, provided she reimburses them in the future. The existence of credit encourages people to spend more than they can afford to, ultimately rendering the borrowers slave to the lenders. Abusing credit results in debt, which is a problem that plagues almost every American through most, if not all, of their life. Bad credit and debt are among the worst of problems in America because it contributes towards a progressively unstable state in the economy and prevents many Americans from fulfilling their financial dreams.
“New Data Confirm Troubling Student Loan Default Problems.” Project on Student Debt: Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. .
Over the last few decades, college tuitions and fees have increased by over one thousand percent, surpassing every category associated with the cost of living including food and medical. This unprecedented rise in cost has resulted in an avalanche of issues for young and middle-age adults. As, a result of steep student loan amounts, graduates are being forced to move back with their parents, fewer young people are becoming homeowners, they are delaying retirement saving, and are dropping out of college at an alarming rate of nearly fifty percent. With all the controversy surrounding the topic of increasing college cost, the revised income-driven repayment program has been created to help borrowers pay back student loans according to their income.
Credit card debt, can be easy to get into, but yet can take years to get out of. Credit card usage has become an increasing occurence in the 21st century for any person above the age of seventeen. Carrying cash has become uncommon for the average man or woman and unlike cash where someone is limited to only what they have in their wallet, credit cards can have upwards to thousands of dollars on them. Granted, there are great things about owning a credit card. For example, in case of an emergency and there is not enough cash to cover the expense, a credit card can be a great back up plan. However, with all the positives there are negatives, the biggest one being, a person can wind up in debt. Thus, credit debt is an individual’s fault, derived
In a journal article entitled "The Relation between Financial Literacy, Financial Wellbeing and Financial Concerns", Roshan Abdoreza states that a questionnaire showed that married people and men are the most financially literate, and higher financial literacy leads to less financial concern. Daniel Ray's statistics from CreditCards.com state that in 2012, Generation X(people born between the early 1960s and the early 1980s) had forty-two percent more debt than other generations. Since most of Generation X is at the age to get married, the number of financially literate married people might soon decrease greatly. These frightening statistics can be fixed as they have been in years past, but if Generation X continues in their current direction, the statistics will not change. In today's society, debt, unwise spending, and impatience are rising. Daniel Ray's statistics show that credit card debt has increased...
“Americans owe $850.9 billion in credit card debt per household in 2013” (). Debt is among one of the most prominent reasons that using cash is wiser than using credit. Many people will spend money on their credit cards thinking that they will pay it off at the end of the month, but, in reality, that rarely happens. The credit card companies trick their customers into believing they will get rewards, but the interest that has to be paid on credit spending completely overruns the rewards that are promised. “The average family owes $8,000 dollars in ...
The lack of knowledge plays a big part in the debt young people are getting themselves into. Credit cards are often offered to young adults as soon as they get out of high school. Many take advantage of having a credit card without even thinking about the responsibilities that come with it, instead they think about the things they will be able to buy. In “Generation Debt” the author Tamara Draut says that young people are getting into debt younger than ever before. Two of the reasons that are more costly on young students that hit hard on the budget are car repairs, and travel for students who have families and friends in other states (231). From my experience I know first-hand what it was like to be offered credit cards right out of high school, and I didn’t hesitate to get any of them. I st...