Death in Hedda Gabler and Madame Bovary

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Throughout Hedda Gabler and Madame Bovary death is a common motif. The use of unnatural death by Henrik Ibsen and Gustave Flaubert allows the authors to breakdown the main characters and reveal their true personalities. The deaths of Emma Bovary in Madame Bovary and the death of Hedda Gabler and Ejlert Lovborg in Hedda Gabler are the climax allowing the reader to learn about the characters in the text.
Emma, or Madame Bovary, died after taking poison given to her by an admirer. Her lifestyle had forced her into debt, as well as adultery, Emma felt that her only escape from her self-proclaimed “boring life” was suicide.
“Her situation now appeared before her like an abyss. She was panting as though her lungs would burst…She stopped in front of the pharmacist’s shop.”
(Flaubert 271)
“The Key turned in the lock and she went straight for the third shelf, so well did her memory guide her, seized the blue bottle, pulled out the stopper, plunged in her hand and drew it out full of white powder which she began to eat immediately.” (Flaubert 272)

The death of Emma affected her husband, Charles. His reserved and content behavior did not prepare him for the death of his beloved wife, Emma. Emma left a note for Charles before she died that told him about Rodolphe and her affairs with other men. Gustave Flaubert uses Emma’s death to dissect Charles showing that he is a loving and caring husband, widower, who eventually dies from the loss of his wife and newly acquired information about her affairs.

“The elder Madame Bovary arrived at dawn; Charles had another fit of weeping when he embraced her. She tried, as the pharmacist had done, to make a few remarks about the expenses of the funeral. He flew into such a rage that she dropped the subject; he even told her to go to the city immediately and buy what was needed.”
(Flaubert 286)

Emma Bovary’s death also affected the minor characters. Characters like her daughter Berthe, who after her mother’s death live...

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...en leaves little for the imagination as the play is stopped a split second after Hedda’s body is discovered. Ibsen however hints the affect it might have on the characters throughout the whole book. Jorgen Tesman, her husband, was very involved with his wife, always asking her what she thought of the situations they were in. Brack was the lost love of Hedda, who feels responsible for her death. Unnatural death is without a doubt the motif that fuels these texts.
Unnatural death is apparent with the deaths of Emma Bovary in Madame Bovary, and the deaths of Ejlert Lovborg and Hedda Gabler in Hedda Gabler. The use of unnatural death by Henrik Ibsen and Gustave Flaubert allows the
Authors to breakdown the main characters and reveal their true personalities. “You've got to be mighty reserved and respectful about a suicide... A suicide's a kind of lean stuff for literature...” - Mark Twain (quote on suicide in literature).

WORKS CITED:
• Ibsen, Henrik; Four Major Plays Oxford World Classics 1998
• Flaubert, Gustave; Madame Bovary Bantam Classic 1981
• http://koti.mbnet.fi/neptunia/suicide1.htm

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