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French Revolution causes and effects
French Revolution causes and effects
Changes in society during the french revolution
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Before the French Revolution, France was going downhill with a poor economic state and a corrupt society. The third estate revolted against their government emerging the revolution. They created a motto of liberty, equality, and fraternity which they vigorously attempted to achieve. They emerged the National Assembly, protested against the king and queen, and eventually ended up doing the opposite of their motto. While trying to take two steps forward, they would end up taking a step backwards. Unfortunately, the revolutionaries never really accomplished their goals to a full extent. They might’ve have destroyed the estates to provide equality, gotten rid the Ancient Regime in the name of liberty, and attempted to have everyone in one agreement …show more content…
The king would only tax the third estate and not giving any privileges. They would spend 80% of their income on bread. While the lower class would work extremely hard to pay for food, the king and queen were enjoying life and spending money over irrelevant things such as luxuries and wigs. The anger held in by the third estate eventually turned into strides towards reformation and liberty. Those strides started out as coming up with the National Assembly and publishing the Declaration of the RIghts of Man and Citizen but ended up as bloodshed. In Robespierre's speech to the National Convention (source 4), we see that Robespierre mentions in his speech that terror and bloodshed is needed for France to obtain its liberty. He says, “Liberty cannot be secured unless criminals lose their heads.” What he is essentially saying is that the sentence to …show more content…
During the pre-revolution stages, the first and second estate were like heavy baggages the third estate had to bear around. The first and second estates had privileges, didn’t pay taxes, and were under the favor of the king. Meanwhile, the third estate barely made it through the year paying 80% of their income for bread. The people were at an unfair state. The upper class could pay their way into office and the third estate didn’t had a say in the government. Eventually, they decided to revolt making certain changes against the king’s approval. As we see here in in the decree of the Ancient Regime (Source 1), it is mentioning the destruction of the Ancient Regime. It says, “The National Assembly completely abolishes the feudal system. It decrees that all rights and dues, both feudal and personal, and all those originating in personal serfdom, personal servitude… are abolished”. In those two sentences, the National Assembly has destroyed everything that basically has kept the third estate from being treated equally. Following on, in the document it explains how the National Assembly completely destroys the feudal system and any unfair rights. When it mentions the decree of any rights that originate in personal serfdom and servitude, the source is basically saying that any rights that are considered selfish are completely abolished. This was one of the big steps toward achieving equality
Beginning in mid-1789, and lasting until late-1799, the French Revolution vastly changed the nation of France throughout its ten years. From the storming of the Bastille, the ousting of the royal family, the Reign of Terror, and all the way to the Napoleonic period, France changed vastly during this time. But, for the better part of the last 200 years, the effects that the French Revolution had on the nation, have been vigorously debated by historian and other experts. Aspects of debate have focused around how much change the revolution really caused, and the type of change, as well as whether the changes that it brought about should be looked at as positive or negative. Furthermore, many debate whether the Revolutions excesses and shortcomings can be justified by the gains that the revolution brought throughout the country. Over time, historians’ views on these questions have changed continually, leading many to question the different interpretations and theories behind the Revolutions effectiveness at shaping France and the rest of the world.
Some people like Emmanuel Sieyès, middle-class writer who was taken by the Enlightenment ideas, believed that all of French Society lay on the backs of the third estate. On the contrary, Robespierre, the monarch at the time, believed that the third estate did not have the power to do anything important to society. The third estate had to pay taxes like the Gabelle and Taille while the first and seconds estates did not have to pay any taxes to the king. Also, the third estates had less of a representation in voting. The first and second estate could outvote the third estate every time and this was a huge inequality. The condition of the third estate was horrible but a good portion of this third estate was the bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie had some wealth and social class, so they influenced the rest of the third estate about their rights, while also inspiring some lower clergies and provincial nobles and thus led to a group of rebellious people to fight the monarchy. This fight for political representation and political rights was only one cause of the French Revolution. Another causes lies in the French Monarchs: Louis XlV, Louis XV, and Louis XVl. When Louis XlV was ruling, the monarchy had unlimited power and was known as a
During the eighteenth century, a major uprising occurred in France, the French Revolution. During the time, France was divided into 3 major groups: the First, Second, and the Third estate. While the first and second estate owned the majority of the resources, and paying little taxes, the third Estate paid heavy taxes, owning little resources. Sparked by the social inequality faced by the third Estate, the revolution brought about significant changes to France. Initially, the French Revolution advances the Enlightenment ideals by promoting life and equality, corresponding to John Locke’s belief. However, the revolution ultimately betrayed the enlightenment ideals.
The French Revolution was a period in French history that brought forth many new ideas that changed the country and guided it to its modern state.The many governments that were put in place have given guidelines that will be examples for modern countries. While the National Assembly attempted to embrace the enlightenment ideas, the committee of public safety and the napoleonic period betrayed many of the ideas put forth by people such as John Locke,Beccaria,and even Montesquieu.
Napoleon was a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. Born on the small island of Corsica, Napoleon quickly rose through the ranks of the military during the French Revolution. Napoleon is considered one of the world's greatest military leaders, but there is still controversy whether or not he held the ideals and goals from the French Revolution as emperor of France. But due to his pPolitical, sSocial and eEconomic achievements for France, Napoleon did uphold the goals of the French Revolution.
Returning from the American Revolution with revolutionary and enlightened ideas, the French Citizens decided to revolt against the injustices of the monarchy as their rulers were not prepared to lead them towards a new era of hope and equality. Ideas set by revolutionaries would claim, “Man is born free, yet everywhere he is in fetters [chains],” as mentioned by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in 1762, which inspired people to create a better lifestyle at the cost of the government (Source ). Building a new foundation based on men’s rights to liberty, fraternity and equality were brought before the revolution due to the suffering of the estates to support the lives of the tyrannical monarchy. Westward outside the borders of Paris, France on May 5, 1789,
It is said that revolutions are the manifestations of an anarchic mentality that is fostered through widespread oppression on a variety of scales. This anarchic mentality is most evident in the infamous French Revolution of 1789. During the late 16th century, a schism began to grow between the aristocracy and the commoners in France. The common people of France wanted a government that better represented them than the monarchy, which was the ruling power. During this time, France had instituted a practice of dividing sections of their societies into what they called “three estates”. The “three estates” set specific boundaries on what people’s statuses were in the French Society, and established the competitive nature of class in France. Because of the competitive class structure in France, poor French citizens such as peasants and farmers decided that they wanted to do something about their status, so they took matters into their own hands; they initiated what how has come to be known as the French Revolution. By 1792...
]“Little by little, the old world crumbled, and not once did the king imagine that some of the pieces might fall on him.” – Jennifer Donnelly. The French Revolution was a time period in which the people of its country had enough. They ripped up the thousand-year-old monarchy and redesigned their country’s way of government. The French Revolution was a time of struggle for its people. King Louis XVI had essentially bankrupted the country with his lavish spending and his involvement in the American Revolution. While the king was living a luxurious life, his people couldn’t even eat. During this time the king had people heavy taxes on the Third Estate, which consisted of 98% of the population, causing the French citizens to resent the monarchy. This lead to riots, looting, and strikes in a stance for better living conditions. Women of France had a specific hatred of the queen, Marie Antoinette. In the early days of October 1789, thousands of Partisans, several of which were women, walked
The people from the Third Estate were taxed, while the First and Second Estates were untaxed. The rise in the price of bread caused the peasants to realize they had to fight and change the way they lived. The influence of Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution caused the people in the Third Estate to take action rather than contain their opinions. Finally, the poor social treatment and the oppression of the Third Estate pushed them to fight for freedom. The French Revolution was a result of all the unfair treatments toward the Third Estate, and all the anger built up caused one of the bloodiest revolutions seen in history
When the French Revolution began, the citizens of France knew they wanted to be treated as human beings just as the upper class was treated. However, they didn't know how to get there. First thinking it was primarily economical, the National Assembly abolished both manorialism and feudalism and allowed their citizens to recklessly tear down the feudalistic estates. France also took measures to establish new political and economical systems to replace manorialism and feudalism– capitalism and a constitutional monarchy. However, after realizing they solved almost nothing, the French government realized it wasn't having manorialism and feudalism themselves, but actually the relationship between the serfs and the lords that created the abuse they wanted to abolish.
The French Revolution was a period of political upheaval that occurred in France during the latter half of the 18th century. This revolution marked an end to the system of feudalism and the monarchy in France and a rise to democracy and new Enlightenment ideas. By 1789, when the revolution began, France was in a deep financial crisis due to the debt they had obtained over many years of reckless spending and France was nearly bankrupt. These financial issues fell almost completely on the bottom social class or the Third Estate which made up a majority of the country. Because of this financial trouble the common people were heavily taxed leaving many of them in poverty. In addition to the economic issues, France also held an Estate System that led to heavy
Historian Albert Mathiez states that “The middle class… was sensitive to their inferior legal position. The revolution came from them- the middle class. The working classes were incapable of starting or controlling the Revolution. They were just beginning to learn to read.” The middle class were not able to have a class on their own; they were still considered peasants. In the illustration it showed how much people and land each estate held, the Clergy was one percent of the population which owned ten percent of the land. Nobles were two percent of the people that owned thirty-five percent of the land. The middle class, peasants, and city workers were ninety-seven of the people owned fifty-five percent of the land. This means that if the third estate were to riot, this would cause havoc. There was a lot during that time; the website Macrohistory and World Timeline shows that “The population of France had grown to between 24 and 26 million, up from 19 million in 1700 without a concomitant growth in food production. Farmers around Paris consumed over 80 percent of what they grew, so if a harvest fell by around 10 percent, which was common, people went hungry. There was insufficient government planning and storage of grain for emergency shortages”. If there were approximately 26 million people, there would be 25,220,000 people in the third estate, 520,000 people in the second estate, and 260,000
Louis XIII stablished absolute monarchy in France during his reign and when his son Louis XVI came to power started economic and religious problem. Frances was happing a crisis moment because the king was spending money extravagantly in war and luxuries consequence of it the town was in bankrupt, besides the rich in France paid no taxes at all. The poor and the middle class, called the Third Estate had to pay them all. The Third Estate thought that it was being treated unfairly. They felt that everyone should pay taxes and that this tax policy was an unfair treatment of the Third Estate. This caused his own people to turn against him. All these action by the King Louis XVI had as consequences two decades of poor harvests, drought, cattle disease and skyrocketing bread prices had kindled unrest among peasants and the urban poor. Many expressed their desperation and resentment toward a regime that imposed heavy taxes yet failed to provide any relief by rioting, looting and striking. Later Louis XVI’s controller general, Charles Alexandre de Calonne, proposed a financial reform package that included a universal land tax from which the privileged classes would no longer be
The French Revolution Was led by the Third Estate before the French Revolution The French society was divided into three Estates the clergy, the nobility, and the peasants. The Third Estate was forced to pay 50% of there money to taxes in other words the first and Second Estate didn't have to pay taxes because they were wealthy . The Third Estate was the less fortunate in money. In supporting question 1 Source a, of the French Revolution It gives evidence of how the French people belonged to the Third Estate “97% of the the French people belonged to the Third Estate and had to pay 50% of the money they needed to the unfair government”.
Feudalist France was a rich, powerful, and respected nation for hundreds of years- until it appeared to collapse like house of cards in the breeze. The catalyst for this change could be attributed to several causes, but ultimately it was the actions of one group that furthered the revolution most. Maturity enabled the bourgeoisie to dispute their position in society, seeing their lack of political voice as an irrefutable issue. Furthermore, they put their goals of change into effect by shifting France’s sovereignty. In short, the bourgeoisie were most influential in furthering the French Revolution because of their drive for political participation.