Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
French Revolution causes and effects
French Revolution causes and effects
Changes in society during the french revolution
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: French Revolution causes and effects
Before the French Revolution, France was going downhill with a poor economic state and a corrupt society. The third estate revolted against their government emerging the revolution. They created a motto of liberty, equality, and fraternity which they vigorously attempted to achieve. They emerged the National Assembly, protested against the king and queen, and eventually ended up doing the opposite of their motto. While trying to take two steps forward, they would end up taking a step backwards. Unfortunately, the revolutionaries never really accomplished their goals to a full extent. They might’ve have destroyed the estates to provide equality, gotten rid the Ancient Regime in the name of liberty, and attempted to have everyone in one agreement …show more content…
but that ended up as a disaster. The revolutionaries fought hard to be relieved from the social oppression that the first and second estate brought them.
The king would only tax the third estate and not giving any privileges. They would spend 80% of their income on bread. While the lower class would work extremely hard to pay for food, the king and queen were enjoying life and spending money over irrelevant things such as luxuries and wigs. The anger held in by the third estate eventually turned into strides towards reformation and liberty. Those strides started out as coming up with the National Assembly and publishing the Declaration of the RIghts of Man and Citizen but ended up as bloodshed. In Robespierre's speech to the National Convention (source 4), we see that Robespierre mentions in his speech that terror and bloodshed is needed for France to obtain its liberty. He says, “Liberty cannot be secured unless criminals lose their heads.” What he is essentially saying is that the sentence to …show more content…
any crime is death and that would relieve the people from oppression. Little did the revolutionaries know this would evolve into much greater danger. This shows exactly how the people were inebriated with power and they abused it thinking the solution to liberty was terror. Robespierre even says, “Terror is nothing but prompt, severe, inflexible justice; it is therefore an emanation of virtue.” He was trying to decrease the bad factors of using terror as a political weapon. Each sentence from his speech just shows how oppressed the people were. Also, during the Reign of Terror, the oppression was so strong that anything anyone said that was against the Revolution would have them end up under the guillotine. The revolutionaries barely achieved liberty, at least equality wasn’t as bad. The outcome of liberty wasn’t great, but equality did have a more optimistic result.
During the pre-revolution stages, the first and second estate were like heavy baggages the third estate had to bear around. The first and second estates had privileges, didn’t pay taxes, and were under the favor of the king. Meanwhile, the third estate barely made it through the year paying 80% of their income for bread. The people were at an unfair state. The upper class could pay their way into office and the third estate didn’t had a say in the government. Eventually, they decided to revolt making certain changes against the king’s approval. As we see here in in the decree of the Ancient Regime (Source 1), it is mentioning the destruction of the Ancient Regime. It says, “The National Assembly completely abolishes the feudal system. It decrees that all rights and dues, both feudal and personal, and all those originating in personal serfdom, personal servitude… are abolished”. In those two sentences, the National Assembly has destroyed everything that basically has kept the third estate from being treated equally. Following on, in the document it explains how the National Assembly completely destroys the feudal system and any unfair rights. When it mentions the decree of any rights that originate in personal serfdom and servitude, the source is basically saying that any rights that are considered selfish are completely abolished. This was one of the big steps toward achieving equality
because the first and second estates no longer had the privileges because they were more intimate to the king. Also, everyone had to work as hard as the third estate did. As shown above, equality was achieved to a greater extent than liberty. Unfortunately, while equality was being achieved, fraternity was sort of on an edge.
This oppression of the Third Estate along with the financial problems that fell on the common people would lead to the French Revolution. Overall, the people of France revolted against the monarchy because of the unsuccessful estate system and the inequality it led to, because of the new enlightenment ideas that inspired them, and because of the failures of the monarchy.
With the Estates General, Tennis Court Oath, and The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (Robinson 6), they worked against the King to make their own decisions about the future of France. The bourgeoisie’s choice to form the National Assembly was the first successful coup d'etat in French history. Because the majority of the country’s populace was comprised of the this group, they were able to effectively declare themselves France’s political authority. This made them influential in altering the country’s future and furthering the French Revolution because they shifted sovereignty from the monarchy to the people. Sovereignty continued to shift further from the monarchy as the Revolution progressed. In Article One of the August Decrees, the National Assembly abolished the feudal system which had assigned King Louis power above all people (Robinson 2). The statement made by the bourgeoisie was a final component in the destruction of France’s monarchy. Together the group’s actions in overtaking sovereignty in France would deem them the most influential people in furthering the French
Historian Albert Mathiez states that “The middle class… was sensitive to their inferior legal position. The revolution came from them- the middle class. The working classes were incapable of starting or controlling the Revolution. They were just beginning to learn to read.” The middle class were not able to have a class on their own; they were still considered peasants. In the illustration it showed how much people and land each estate held, the Clergy was one percent of the population which owned ten percent of the land. Nobles were two percent of the people that owned thirty-five percent of the land. The middle class, peasants, and city workers were ninety-seven of the people owned fifty-five percent of the land. This means that if the third estate were to riot, this would cause havoc. There was a lot during that time; the website Macrohistory and World Timeline shows that “The population of France had grown to between 24 and 26 million, up from 19 million in 1700 without a concomitant growth in food production. Farmers around Paris consumed over 80 percent of what they grew, so if a harvest fell by around 10 percent, which was common, people went hungry. There was insufficient government planning and storage of grain for emergency shortages”. If there were approximately 26 million people, there would be 25,220,000 people in the third estate, 520,000 people in the second estate, and 260,000
During the eighteenth century, a major uprising occurred in France, the French Revolution. During the time, France was divided into 3 major groups: the First, Second, and the Third estate. While the first and second estate owned the majority of the resources, and paying little taxes, the third Estate paid heavy taxes, owning little resources. Sparked by the social inequality faced by the third Estate, the revolution brought about significant changes to France. Initially, the French Revolution advances the Enlightenment ideals by promoting life and equality, corresponding to John Locke’s belief. However, the revolution ultimately betrayed the enlightenment ideals.
Beginning in mid-1789, and lasting until late-1799, the French Revolution vastly changed the nation of France throughout its ten years. From the storming of the Bastille, the ousting of the royal family, the Reign of Terror, and all the way to the Napoleonic period, France changed vastly during this time. But, for the better part of the last 200 years, the effects that the French Revolution had on the nation, have been vigorously debated by historian and other experts. Aspects of debate have focused around how much change the revolution really caused, and the type of change, as well as whether the changes that it brought about should be looked at as positive or negative. Furthermore, many debate whether the Revolutions excesses and shortcomings can be justified by the gains that the revolution brought throughout the country. Over time, historians’ views on these questions have changed continually, leading many to question the different interpretations and theories behind the Revolutions effectiveness at shaping France and the rest of the world.
Some people like Emmanuel Sieyès, middle-class writer who was taken by the Enlightenment ideas, believed that all of French Society lay on the backs of the third estate. On the contrary, Robespierre, the monarch at the time, believed that the third estate did not have the power to do anything important to society. The third estate had to pay taxes like the Gabelle and Taille while the first and seconds estates did not have to pay any taxes to the king. Also, the third estates had less of a representation in voting. The first and second estate could outvote the third estate every time and this was a huge inequality. The condition of the third estate was horrible but a good portion of this third estate was the bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie had some wealth and social class, so they influenced the rest of the third estate about their rights, while also inspiring some lower clergies and provincial nobles and thus led to a group of rebellious people to fight the monarchy. This fight for political representation and political rights was only one cause of the French Revolution. Another causes lies in the French Monarchs: Louis XlV, Louis XV, and Louis XVl. When Louis XlV was ruling, the monarchy had unlimited power and was known as a
Napoleon was a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. Born on the small island of Corsica, Napoleon quickly rose through the ranks of the military during the French Revolution. Napoleon is considered one of the world's greatest military leaders, but there is still controversy whether or not he held the ideals and goals from the French Revolution as emperor of France. But due to his pPolitical, sSocial and eEconomic achievements for France, Napoleon did uphold the goals of the French Revolution.
It is said that revolutions are the manifestations of an anarchic mentality that is fostered through widespread oppression on a variety of scales. This anarchic mentality is most evident in the infamous French Revolution of 1789. During the late 16th century, a schism began to grow between the aristocracy and the commoners in France. The common people of France wanted a government that better represented them than the monarchy, which was the ruling power. During this time, France had instituted a practice of dividing sections of their societies into what they called “three estates”. The “three estates” set specific boundaries on what people’s statuses were in the French Society, and established the competitive nature of class in France. Because of the competitive class structure in France, poor French citizens such as peasants and farmers decided that they wanted to do something about their status, so they took matters into their own hands; they initiated what how has come to be known as the French Revolution. By 1792...
]“Little by little, the old world crumbled, and not once did the king imagine that some of the pieces might fall on him.” – Jennifer Donnelly. The French Revolution was a time period in which the people of its country had enough. They ripped up the thousand-year-old monarchy and redesigned their country’s way of government. The French Revolution was a time of struggle for its people. King Louis XVI had essentially bankrupted the country with his lavish spending and his involvement in the American Revolution. While the king was living a luxurious life, his people couldn’t even eat. During this time the king had people heavy taxes on the Third Estate, which consisted of 98% of the population, causing the French citizens to resent the monarchy. This lead to riots, looting, and strikes in a stance for better living conditions. Women of France had a specific hatred of the queen, Marie Antoinette. In the early days of October 1789, thousands of Partisans, several of which were women, walked
American history is taught as events that directly happen on American soil or events involving America. However, events overseas affect America’s development and history greatly, by influencing it in different ways. The French Revolution of 1789 did not directly involve America, though it did leave an impression on American citizens and its leaders. Research for this exact topic was challenging to look for, first hand accounts and reflections were slim to none, however there are letters and direct acts in response to the French Revolution. In this analysis, the letter from Thomas Jefferson to John Jay and the Alien and Sedition Acts will be looked at to see how America reacted to the ‘drama’ overseas in France.
Returning from the American Revolution with revolutionary and enlightened ideas, the French Citizens decided to revolt against the injustices of the monarchy as their rulers were not prepared to lead them towards a new era of hope and equality. Ideas set by revolutionaries would claim, “Man is born free, yet everywhere he is in fetters [chains],” as mentioned by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in 1762, which inspired people to create a better lifestyle at the cost of the government (Source ). Building a new foundation based on men’s rights to liberty, fraternity and equality were brought before the revolution due to the suffering of the estates to support the lives of the tyrannical monarchy. Westward outside the borders of Paris, France on May 5, 1789,
When the French Revolution began, the citizens of France knew they wanted to be treated as human beings just as the upper class was treated. However, they didn't know how to get there. First thinking it was primarily economical, the National Assembly abolished both manorialism and feudalism and allowed their citizens to recklessly tear down the feudalistic estates. France also took measures to establish new political and economical systems to replace manorialism and feudalism– capitalism and a constitutional monarchy. However, after realizing they solved almost nothing, the French government realized it wasn't having manorialism and feudalism themselves, but actually the relationship between the serfs and the lords that created the abuse they wanted to abolish.
The French Revolution Was led by the Third Estate before the French Revolution The French society was divided into three Estates the clergy, the nobility, and the peasants. The Third Estate was forced to pay 50% of there money to taxes in other words the first and Second Estate didn't have to pay taxes because they were wealthy . The Third Estate was the less fortunate in money. In supporting question 1 Source a, of the French Revolution It gives evidence of how the French people belonged to the Third Estate “97% of the the French people belonged to the Third Estate and had to pay 50% of the money they needed to the unfair government”.
The main cause of the French Revolution involved the differences between the three different social classes in France (Soboul, 1977). This class structure left over from the ancien regime, the Middle Ages, consisted of three orders known as estates. The First Estate, the clergy, made up less than 1 percent of the population but owned about 20 percent of the land. The Second Estate, the nobles occupied about 4 percent of the population and also owned 20 percent of the land. The Third Estate, the working middle class, made up 95 percent of the population and paid all the taxes needed to pay off the debts that Louis XIV had left behind because he had spent his country‘s money to aid the American revolution as to embarrass the British. It is ...
The year of 1789 can easily be marked one of, if not the most, transformative time periods in France’s early history. Within the time span of nine months alone nearly all aspects of French socio-political life were affected. Growing discontent towards the French monarchy, mainly on the part of the highly oppressed third estate, soon developed into active forms of rebellion utilizing both physical violence as presented by the storming of the Bastille and legislative with the formation of the National Assembly. For many of those revolutionaries, ideal France was one in which egalitarianism was the ruling principle. This ideology threatened established institutions where the undermining of citizens in the lower order was critical to success.