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Chapter 9 database design
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Recommended: Chapter 9 database design
Microsoft Access
Before you use Microsoft Access to actually build the tables, forms, and other objects that will make up your database, it is important to take time to design your database. A good database design is the keystone to creating a database that foes what you want it to do effectively, accurately, and efficiently.
The first step in designing a Microsoft Access database is to determine the purpose of the database and how itÂ’s to be used. You need to know what information you want from the database. Form that, you can determine what subjects you need to store facts about (the tables) and what facts you need to store about each subject (the fields in the tables).
Talk to people who will use the database. Brainstorm about the questions youÂ’d like the database to answer. Sketch out the reports youÂ’d like it to produce. Gather the forms you currently use to record your data. Examine well-designed databases similar to the one you are designing.
Determining the tables can be the trickiest step in the database – the reports you want to print, the forms you was to use, the questions you want answered – don’t necessarily provide clues about the structure of the tables that produce them.
You donÂ’t need to design your tables using Microsoft Access. In fact, it may be better to sketch out and rework your design on paper first. A table should not contain duplicate information, and information should not be duplicated between tables.
After you have designed the tables, fields, and relationships you need, itÂ’s time to study the design and detect any flaws that might remain. It is easier to change your database design now, rather than after you have filled the tables with data. (see figure 1-2 on page 4)
Use Microsoft Access to create your tables, specify relationships between the tables, and enter a few records of data in each table. See if you can use the database to get the answers you want.
One of the biggest problems that affect everyone is data aggregation. The more the technology develop, the powerful and dangerous it gets. Today there are many companies that aggregate a lot of information about us. Those companies gathering our data from different sources, which create a detailed record about us. Since all services have been computerized whether it is handled directly or indirectly through computers, there is no way to hide your information. We used computers, because they are faster, better, and accurate more that any human being. It solved many problems; however, it created new ones. Data does not means anything if it stands alone, because it is only recoded facts and figure, yet when it organized and sorted, it become information. These transformed information. Data aggregation raises many questions such as, who is benefiting from data aggregation? What is the impact on us (the users)? In this paper I will discuses data aggregation and the ethics and legal issues that affect us.
Most modern science fiction portrays some form of database. From simple text-based systems to complex virtual reality environments, the way information is retrieved from these databases often reflects trends in database management systems. The library computer system seen in "Star Trek: The Next Generation" (ST:TNG) offers an excellent example of a database that both reflects contemporary technologies and illustrates accurate predictions in the development of those technologies.
Determine how results are to be presented and shared. These steps can help you to create a database effectively.
Matthias Jarke and Jurgen Koch's paper Query Optimization in Database Systems also displayes the continued importance of finding way to make efficient queries when using a database system. “Efficient methods of processinf unanticipated queries are a crucial prerequisite for the success of generalized database management systems.”( Query Optimization in Database Systems) The paper also explains the importance of knowing the database and what you are searching for. Also explained is the importance of finding alternate ways to make a quer...
The database application design can be improved in a number of ways as described below:
order to accomplish this goal, so it is fair to say if data was not
may have had a form that is made up of lots of little boxes that you
Databases are becoming as common in the workplace as the stapler. Businesses use databases to keep track of payroll, vacations, inventory, and a multitude of other taske of which are to vast to mention here. Basically businesses use databases anytime a large amount of data must be stored in such a manor that it can easily be searched, categorized and recalled in different means that can be easily read and understood by the end user. Databases are used extensively where I work. In fact, since Hyperion Solutions is a database and financial intelligence software developing company we produce one. To keep the material within scope I shall narrow the use of databases down to what we use just in the Orlando office of Hyperion Solutions alone.
Inconsistently storing organization data creates a lot of issues, a poor database design can cause security, integrity and normalization related issues. Majority of these issues are due to redundancy and weak data integrity and irregular storage, it is an ongoing challenge for every organization and it is important for organization and DBA to build logical, conceptual and efficient design for database. In today’s complex database systems Normalization, Data Integrity and security plays a key role. Normalization as design approach helps to minimize data redundancy and optimizes data structure by systematically and properly placing data in to appropriate groupings, a successful normalize designed follows “First Normalization Flow”, “Second Normalization Flow” and “Third Normalization flow”. Data integrity helps to increase accuracy and consistency of data over its entire life cycle, it also help keep track of database objects and ensure that each object is created, formatted and maintained properly. It is critical aspect of database design which involves “Database Structure Integrity” and “Semantic data Integrity”. Database Security is another high priority and critical issue for every organization, data breaches continue to dominate business and IT, building a secure system is as much important like Normalization and Data Integrity. Secure system helps to protect data from unauthorized users, data masking and data encryption are preferred technology used by DBA to protect data.
Data Manipulation Language Data Manipulation refers to data retrieval from the database, data insert into database, modify data of the database and delete data from the database. Since these operations can manipulate data in the database, the language is called as Data Manipulation Language. There are two main types off DMLs. They are as follows: 1. A high-level or procedural DML can be used to specify complex database operations concisely. 2. A low-level or procedural DML must be embedded in a general-purpose programming language. This type of DML retrieves individual records or objects from database and processes each separately. Data Manipulation Language in database management system consists of the following commands : SELECT – Data retrieval
"Although fully searchable text could, in theory, be retrieved without much metadata in the future, it is hard to imagine how a complex or multimedia digital object that goes into storage of any kind could ever survive, let alone be discovered and used, if it were not accompanied by good metadata" (Abby Smith). Discuss Smith's assertion in the context of the contemporary information environment
To do this I needed to use the software Microsoft Excel 2003 as it was easier to use than other software products. As well Microsoft Excel can perform more useful functions such as Absolute Cell Reference, Functions (MIN, MAX and AVERAGE),Conditional Formatting and many more. Each of these useful in a case such as this.
Now that I know what I'm using to create my database I need to know
One of the most basic measures that most be examined and planned involves the smallest units within the database, the fields. The fields are derived from the simple attributes that were defined in the logical data model. A few decisions need to be made regarding each of these individual fields. First what type of data is going to be storied in them? The data type that is assigned to each field should be able to accurately represent every possible valid value, while limiting invalid values as much as possible. Special consideration should be taken for any manipulations that will be done on the data as some data types allow these manipulations a lot easier than other ones. When considering data manipulations it is important to keep in mind simple things like addition, if finding the sum of the data field’s values the data type that worked for the fields may not be large enough to support the resulting summation.
One of the first things you will need to consider is what format you intend to keep your documents in. There are many different formats from which to choose from, and one of the test you will have to use to determine which format you will want to use is are you going to what to change information with in the document. Buy that, will you want to use some of the content from a past document to help shape future documents, or will you want to change any of the information contained with in the document to keep with the changing times.