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Taoism and Buddhism compared
Taoism and Buddhism compared
Comparisons with Taoism and Confucianism
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Analysis of Taboo
Before the analysis of taboo as explained in the previous section, it is a very vital importance for us to recall that there is a very intimate relationship between taboo and a culture. Ralph Linton (1945) stated that culture completes the life of a society, most probably because it contains almost everything. Kroeber and Kluckhone (1952) further explained this statement, defining culture as a very complicated whole that include the fundamental parts of life such as knowledge, belief, art, moral, customs and any other habits shared within a particular society. Therefore, it is very fundamental for us to know that taboo itself is contributing as a part of culture.
Very often, all the aspects that built up the core of one’s
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Although, almost very frequently, people tempt to relate taboo and norms all the time, this is not always so. A taboo can originate from beliefs in supernatural forces such as magic, sorcery or witchcraft. There are rationals why people believe in unseen power that exist in vacuum, namely impersonal supernatural force. The potential of a supernatural force is not as de minimis as it seems to be. In fact, the reason why taboo and supernatural force could be related together is due to their capabilities to reduce anxiety, provide social control and emotional comfort, especially when people are facing crisis, regardless of its severity. Taoism Chinese particularly, are being faithful in universal force named ‘chi’. ‘Chi’ works in both micro and macro perspectives of the world but the operational principles underlying are no different. For instance, ‘yin’ and ‘yang’, two opposite forces that stay in conflict with one another. And for one to be in the state of perfect harmony, the individual has to resolve the conflicting force and gather them as one. This is the reason why, there are taboo that prevent and even restrict a family to organise or participate any form of celebrations in a fixed period after the funeral, as an evidence of one is sad over the lost of the deceased. This is due to the belief that celebrations are considered happiness while the death of a deceased is considered sadness. Hence, these two emotions are seen as conflicting with each other and is believed to bring disharmony and therefore, bad luck to an individual, as modelled with the principles of ‘yin’ and
Culture often means an appreciation of the finer things in life; however, culture brings members of a society together. We have a sense of belonging because we share similar beliefs, values, and attitudes about what’s right and wrong. As a result, culture changes as people adapt to their surroundings. According to Bishop Donald, “let it begin with me and my children and grandchildren” (211). Among other things, culture influences what you eat; how you were raised and will raise your own children? If, when, and whom you will marry; how you make and spend money. Truth is culture is adaptive and always changing over time because
“The whole character of Chinese popular religion flows in the direction of plethora of rituals and obligations without much discernable doctrinal underpinning” (Corduan, 2012, p.410). The Chinese popular religion has gravitated away the gods of Buddha and Daoism and captured the philosophy of luck and materialism (Corduan, 2012), while it “is less concerned with philosophical issues and
The culture of a community invariably determines the social structures and the formation of a society. Developed over time, culture is the collection of beliefs and values that a group of people maintain together. Culture is never constant, and thought to be continually renewed over years as new ideas and concepts become mainstream. It ranges from how people live, day to day topics for conversations, religion, and even entertainment. It is analogous to guidelines, or the rulebook of the said group of people. Society, on the other hand, emanates from the social structure of the community. It is the very institutions to which create a regulated and acceptable form of interaction between peoples. Indeed, culture and society are so perversely intertwined in a
In the Chapter 3 of “The Reality of Social Construction”, Dave Elder-Vass examines the academic views about culture and rules. He calls cultural realism the view according to which culture and rules exist independently of people. In this chapter, the author explains the reason why he does not agree with the academic view of culture.
Society teaches us as individuals how to behave, interact, and even think. There are several components to creating norms in society. Some of these are called values, norms, sanctions, folkways, mores, and taboos (Henslin, 49-55). Each of these is a crucial part to creating what we live and
Culture is a difficult concept to put into words. “Traditionally anthropologists have used the term culture to refer to a way of life - traditions and customs - transmitted through learning” (Kottak, et al. 2008: p.11). Children inherit their culture, as well as social norms and ethics, through a process called enculturation. Enculturation, in essence, determines who a person will become, because culture defines who a person is. More specifically, “Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs arts, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities or habits acquired by man as a member of society” (Taylor, 1971/1951: p. 1). In modern society, our traditions and customs come from a variety of different sources. Television,
Taboos are social prohibitions that create difficulties in cooperative relations. Taboss have the three parts which has a prohibition, a punishment for breaking, and protective significance. A taboo can be recognize as a specific actions, thoughts, or actions as being out of bounds, which can create a dividing line of what is acceptable and unacceptable and also have the community to restrict what they seem is appropriate to. Taboos comes with punishment for people who violates. Taboos can have the protection for guarding people from saying or performing something that can offend certain values which can be considered significant in society. Taboos can have certain obstacles that makes it difficult as the unawareness of a taboo, fears of discussing the taboo issues, not framework how to treat taboo as an issue. Navigating taboos is to be aware of the taboos, creating safe zones to conversate them, and having the decision on how to treat the taboos. Taboos have a negative reputation as how they can influence in creating conflicts; however, taboos can also solve conflicts. Taboos can provide as a social prohibitions in opposition to behavior that is causing great harm. There are constructive taboos which are to prevent aggressive behavior. There are four steps to create a constructive taboo which are (1) identify a behavior that provokes or intensify in
As culture is being learned and transmitted from one generation to the next, there is the question as to how it is being learned? And does it change? Banking on the simplified definition of (Samovar, Porter, & McDaniel, 2012) culture is learned through communication. This entails social interactions among people with common understanding of symbols, shared values and beliefs, and rules as a product of reciprocal information processing (Lustig, 2006).
Rape Culture Many of the attitudes, beliefs, and mistaken ideas about rape have been with us for centuries. By looking at myths, such as “women ask for it,” and “it would do some women good to get raped,” from a historical perspective, leads us to better understanding how they evolved. Women are still seen as the property of men, and are protected as such. Men and women are still taught to occupy very different roles in today’s world.
According to Marshall University, Rape Culture is defined as “an environment in which rape is prevalent and in which sexual violence against women is normalized and excused in media and popular culture.” In American society, it is not hard to find examples of rape culture. In popular movies, music, and current events there is an undeniable notion of victim blaming, and sympathizing with male perpetrators. People have begun to use the term rape as a casual adjective. For example “I just raped him in that game,” could be used to describe two people playing a game and one winning easily against the other. American society uses pop culture and current events to promote and justify the prominent rape culture.
Culture is an aspect of everyone's life. It helps others to understand another person's beliefs and actions. There are multiple cultures in the world which are opposed to their own kind seeking help for a mental illness. There is an infinite number of cultures that are represented in the United States. “Many cultural and religious teachings often influence beliefs about the origins and nature of mental illness, and shape attitudes towards the mentally ill.” (1). One's cultural beliefs can make them think about whether or not they should seek to get help for a mental illness. Among the cultures around the world and particularly in the US, many Asian cultures do not want the community members to be receiving help for their mental illness. In these cultures mental illness is seen as shameful, because these cultures influence the “conformity to norms, emotional self-control, and family recognition through achievement.” (1). There are many cultural factors that play a role in whether or not a person will receive therapy. These factors include: language, level of acculturation, age, gender, occupational issues, family structure, religious beliefs, and traditional beliefs about mental health (2). Language limits the access of therapy. If a person living in the United States does not speak English very well, it could influence them to not seek therapy. There is a large focus on “in-group/out-group” in many Asian cultures, as in everyone who is in the family/community around them are in the “in-group” and everyone else who is not like them are in the “out-group.”
To conclude, cultures are a major part of our lives and they constitute the image we see the world in. cultures can sometimes influence us, even in ways we don’t expect. Sometimes we find ourselves forced in cultures with negative stereotypes but that does not mean we should be ashamed of those cultural groups but rather embrace our culture and stray from the negative characteristics of that
Confucianism and Taoism are religious belief systems which have co-existed in China for well over two centuries. Confucianism deals with social matters and status, while Taoism concerns itself with the search for meaning and being one with nature. I agree with the statement that Chinese philosophies and religious practices are concerned with the creation of harmony as this will be proven in this essay as the similarities and differences between Confucianism and Taoism with regards to their strategies for the creation of harmony will be analysed. Furthermore, the maintenance and restoration of harmony within the individual will be analysed in accordance with the Chinese philosophy of Yin and Yang and Qi through acupuncture. Social and cosmic harmony will also be discussed with regards to Confucianism and Taoism respectively. The conclusion will be based on beliefs of Confucianism and Taoism alike.
In the end, what we learn from this article is very realistic and logical. Furthermore, it is supported with real-life examples. Culture is ordinary, each individual has it, and it is both individual and common. It’s a result of both traditional values and an individual effort. Therefore, trying to fit it into certain sharp-edged models would be wrong.
Culture is the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects and behavior. It includes the ideas, value, customs and artifacts of a group of people (Schaefer, 2002). Culture is a pattern of human activities and the symbols that give these activities significance. It is what people eat, how they dress, beliefs they hold and activities they engage in. It is the totality of the way of life evolved by a people in their attempts to meet the challenges of living in their environment, which gives order and meaning to their social, political, economic, aesthetic and religious norms and modes of organization thus distinguishing people from their neighbors.