1.) Two facts presented by each side of the critical issue? Between the two articles there are many details that differ from both sides on numerous issues, which seem to be completely different from one another. Peter Cotton as well as Grant Devilly suggested that critical incident stress debriefing also known as (CISD) was outdated by (CISM) Foundation, due to research pertaining to CISD (Halgin, 2009). Jeffrey Mitchel rebuttals that CISD was changed from the full field based on the inception, nonetheless the authorized periodical from Internal Critical Incident Stress Foundation has repetitively simplified CISD as a minor group process, which has become the key term for the whole field of research (Halgin, 2009). Both Devilly and Cotton emphasized …show more content…
the term on CISM as the main term for the field of study as the single component for the field, this established and desertion of CISD for the application of CISM (Halgin, 2009). Both Devilly as well as Cotton stated figures, which entitle that only 8 percent of individuals who suffer from the illness of (ASD) Acute Stress Disorder will acquire Post- traumatic stress disorder, which is also known as (PTSD) once cognitive behavioral therapy becomes used as an intervention (Devilly & Cotton, 2003).
Acute stress disorder can last anywhere form 2 days to a month from the first incident-and this becomes the precursor for the onset of post-traumatic stress disorder, that can last a month or longer from the first incident. Devilly and Cotton suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy can be more effective than CISD at stopping post-traumatic stress disorder from developing (Halgin, 2009). Mitchel responds suggesting that there have never been negative issues that have come from the study of CISD when mental health professionals adhere to the high standards of the practice (Mitchell, 2004). Mitchel also speaks of that cognitive behavioral therapy and CISD are not competing with one another, suggesting psychotherapy could not possibly replace crisis therapy or the opposite (Mitchell, …show more content…
2004). 2.) Two opinions presented by each side of the critical issue? Devilly as well as Cotton believe generic psychological debriefing (PD) is unmotivated and harmful to those who willingly participate. Devilly and Cotton citing evidence suggest generic psychological debriefing in fact increase the possibility of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in individuals who hurt from mental illness. Equally, Mitchel suggests that Devilly as well as Cotton’s research stated reference individual psychological debriefing within their research findings, which the International Critical Incident Stress Foundation does not suggest (Halgin, 2009). However, there seems to be a bit of misunderstanding on the real issue of the discussion. Which could because of the caution of both articles that CISD becomes mixed together in most readings (Devilly & Cotton, 2003). There does seem to be a lot of misunderstandings between both researchers when it comes to the practibility and credibility of CISD (Halgin, 2009). Cotton and Devilly research the culprit of post-traumatic stress disorder, while Mitchel suggests that in situations of disaster the CISM team hardly exploit CISD as a lone response and more probable to suggest lone support (Halgin, 2009). Cotton and Devilly suggest depression as the highlight of their research, while Mitchel suggests CISD states can be used in various situations not just crisis and disasters (Halgin, 2009). 3.) What is some strength and Weaknesses associated with the Pro side of the issue? Cotton and Devilly provide an excellent job of researching single session debriefing which does use an effective strategy. In my opinion I believe there is an immediate onset of debriefing during traumatic events for a patient. Cotton and Devill‘s strengths are also their weaknesses. In their theory they both reference different types of treatment that are not in direct relation to CISD (Halgin, 2009). In their research they both should have referenced information from the actual ICISF website (Halgin, 2009). This would have been the way for them to avoid any misrepresentations of CISD (Halgin, 2009). 4.) What are some strengths and weaknesses associated with the Con side of the issue? The highest strength Mitchel’s research suggests is the lengths of each psychological trauma approach: CBT, CISM and CISD (Mitchell, 2004).
His research further explains the research done by Cotton and Devilly. Mitchel suggests that CISD will clearly help longer than just the few weeks after the traumatic experience occurs (Mitchell, 2004). The only downfall I found within the research was that Mitchel clearly does not lean his research on statistics or factual evidence. It would have been nice to see Mitchel do some clear cut studies to validate the facts of CISD for long term treatment (Mitchell, 2004). Mitchel suggests that CISM is a positive treatment program (Mitchell, 2004). Mitchel however, doesn’t really speak of how ASD will turn into PTSD for those who use CISD (Mitchell, 2004). This would have created more reliability to his
editorial. 5.) How credible were the authors of each argument? Explain your answer. The primary editorial pertaining to Cotton as well as Deville has no real evidence backed by research. This is not to say that the article is not credible, but it does suggest that the article and the decision of whether CISD really claims to do what it claims to do (Halgin, 2009). Cotton and Devilly based their information on involvements and educational articles. Which suggest that Cotton and Devilly were trying to suggest solitary sessions of debriefing they would have been on point? According to Mitchel’s article the problems do not reference enough statistics concerning CISD from avoiding ASD from becoming PTSD (Halgin, 2009). There needed to be more clear statistics, research, and probabilities to make it more credible. This would have given answers to more blind questions through proof of statistics. This would lessen any criticism from the article. 6.) Based on the statements presented in this critical issue, which author do you agree with? Why? I agree with Mitchel’s article somewhat more than Cotton and Deville because Mitchel appears to give reason for ever point made with the clear exception of his statistical backing. Mitchel takes Cotton and Deville’s article and tears it apart researching every part of the criticism made toward the article. Mitchel paid attention to Cotton and Deville’s practice of the Flannery Book, which criticizes CISD (Mitchell, 2004). Mitchel in turn points out Flannery’s method, which displays encouraged outcomes as a method of CISM. This is the type of oversight that degrades the article by Cotton and Deville (Mitchell, 2004). 7.) Which side of this critical issue does contemporary research support? Please provide specific examples in your response. According to article by David Richard’s he establish that in a field sample that critical incident stress management has less of a traumatic follow up compared to CISD alone (Richards, 2001). Richards in turn goes on to suggest that although CISM appears to be more active than CISD at ending the start of post-traumatic stress disorder and debriefing, especially CISD, CISM must not stop being used as a treatment to stop the suffering (Richards, 2001). When using the CISD approach and using CISD as a component, must not undergo specific research as soon as the trauma becomes visible to determine any statistics of the intervention and its actual effects of the precursors of PSTD (Richards, 2001).
Boone, Katherine. "The Paradox of PTSD." Wilson Quarterly. 35.4 (2011): 18-22. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.
...ype of treatment available for post-traumatic stress disorder patients is psychotherapies. There are various types of psychotherapy that psychologist can use such as exposure therapy, psychoeducation or mindfulness training. In exposure therapy, the patient is recreating the traumatic event help get rid of the fear relating to the event. For example, James Francis Ryan could be put through a session where there was simulation of explosives going off or even airplane engine noises. Research by F.R. Schneier et al., 2012, found that antidepressant medication taken alongside exposure therapy was found to be more effective in treating the post-traumatic stress disorder (Sue, Sue, Sue, and Sue, 2014, p.127). Psychoeducation is also used with exposure therapy because it educates the patient with information about their disorder in order to understand it and cope with it.
R. Brewin. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Malady or Myth? N.p., n.d. Web. The Web. The Web.
...8). In the second article they concluded that after testing 3 different treatments (prolonged exposure, relaxation training, and eye movement) that exposure therapy seemed to be more effective and faster when decreasing results compared to the other treatments (Taylor et al., 2003). The results in the final study were very similar to the other two, but with a new type of exposure therapy. The third study found that even though VR is in its preliminary stages it is still effective in treating subjects with PTSD (Gerardi et al., 2010). It has been effective in many different environments as it continues to grow (Gerardi et al., 2010). Overall, all three of these article have shown that Exposure therapy has produced positive results in treating subjects with PTSD, and with new advances like VR it is just going to continue to grow and help people who suffer from PTSD.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, also known as PTSD, is an anxiety disorder that can develop after a traumatic event (Riley). A more in depth definition of the disorder is given by Doctor’s Nancy Piotrowski and Lillian Range, “A maladaptive condition resulting from exposure to events beyond the realm of normal human experience and characterized by persistent difficulties involving emotional numbing, intense fear, helplessness, horror, re-experiencing of trauma, avoidance, and arousal.” People who suffer from this disease have been a part of or seen an upsetting event that haunts them after the event, and sometimes the rest of their lives. There are nicknames for this disorder such as “shell shock”, “combat neurosis”, and “battle fatigue” (Piotrowski and Range). “Battle fatigue” and “combat neurosis” refer to soldiers who have been overseas and seen disturbing scenes that cause them anxiety they will continue to have when they remember their time spent in war. It is common for a lot of soldiers to be diagnosed with PTSD when returning from battle. Throughout the history of wars American soldiers have been involved in, each war had a different nickname for what is now PTSD (Pitman et al. 769). At first, PTSD was recognized and diagnosed as a personality disorder until after the Vietnam Veterans brought more attention to the disorder, and in 1980 it became a recognized anxiety disorder (Piotrowski and Range). There is not one lone cause of PTSD, and symptoms can vary from hallucinations to detachment of friends and family, making a diagnosis more difficult than normal. To treat and in hopes to prevent those who have this disorder, the doctor may suggest different types of therapy and also prescribe medication to help subside the sympt...
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is defined by our book, Abnormal Psychology, as “an extreme response to a severe stressor, including increased anxiety, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and symptoms of increased arousal.” In the diagnosis of PTSD, a person must have experienced an serious trauma; including “actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation.” In the DSM-5, symptoms for PTSD are grouped in four categories. First being intrusively reexperiencing the traumatic event. The person may have recurring memories of the event and may be intensely upset by reminders of the event. Secondly, avoidance of stimuli associated with the event, either internally or externally. Third, signs of mood and cognitive change after the trauma. This includes blaming the self or others for the event and feeling detached from others. The last category is symptoms of increased arousal and reactivity. The person may experience self-destructive behavior and sleep disturbance. The person must have 1 symptom from the first category, 1 from the second, at least 2 from the third, and at least 2 from the fourth. The symptoms began or worsened after the trauma(s) and continued for at least one
The current criteria for assessment of PTSD is only suitable if criterion A is met. Every symptom must be bound to the traumatic event through temporal and/or contextual evidence. The DSM-5 stipulates that to qualify, the symptoms must begin (criterion B or C) or worsen (symptom D and E) after the traumatic event. Even though symptoms must be linked to a traumatic event, this linking does not imply causality or etiology (Pai, 2017, p.4). The changes made with the DSM-5 included increasing the number of symptom groups from three to four and the number of symptoms from 17 to 20. The symptom groups are intrusion, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and alterations in arousal and
Studies show that TF-CBT has been effective when working with children and reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress, depression, and behavior problems following trauma (Cary & McMillen, 2011). Bisson and Andrew (2009) state through systematic review of adults, TF-CBT performed eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) and outperformed other treatments. The Kauffman Best Practices Project (2004) believes that TF-CBT is the “best practice” in the field of child abuse treatment.
Isabel says, “If Dr. Nelson is right and he’s suffering from delayed shock surely new surroundings and new interests will cure him, and when he’s got his balance again he’ll come back to Chicago and go into business like everybody else” (48-49). Isabel’s statement though lacks understanding of what kinds of treatments are beneficial for treating PTSD. New surroundings and new interests won’t help treat PTSD because people who suffer from PTSD “tend to avoid places, people, or other things that remind them of the event” (Edwards). In order to understand what helps treat PTSD, we must come to understand that PTSD can never be fully cured. According to ptsd.about.com, “Treatments for PTSD will never take away the fact that a traumatic event occurred. Treatments for PTSD cannot erase your memory of those events,” (Tull) and, “That said, it is important to remember that symptoms of PTSD can come back again” (Tull). Even though it cannot be cured, it can be treated effectively with treatment. According to mayoclinc.org, “The primary treatment is psychotherapy, but often includes medication” (None). With the help of psychotherapy and medication, people who suffer from PTSD can begin to regain their life from anxiety and
Resick, P. A., & Schnicke, M. K. (2007). Cognitive therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 15(4), 321–329.
Reflection has its importance in clinical practice; we always seek to be successful and that can be achieved by learning every day of our life through experiences we encounter. In that way we can reconsider and rethink our previous knowledge and add new learning to our knowledge base so as to inform our practice. Learning new skills does not stop upon qualifying; this should become second nature to thinking professionals as they continue their professional development throughout their careers (Jasper, 2006). According to Rolfe et al. (2001), reflection does not merely add to our knowledge, it also challenges the concepts and theories by which we try to make sense of that knowledge. Acquiring knowledge through reflection is modern way of learning from practice that can be traced back at least to the 1930s and the work of John Dewey, an American philosopher and educator who was the instigator of what might be called ''discovery learning'' or learning from experience. He claimed that we learn by doing and that appreciating what results from what we do leads to a process of developing knowledge, the nature and importance of which then we must seek to interpret (Rolfe et al., 2001).
The purpose of this essay is to reflect and critically study an incident from a clinical setting whilst using a model of reflection. This will allow me to analyse and make sense of the incident and draw conclusions relating to personal learning outcomes. The significance of critical analysis and critical incidents will briefly be discussed followed by the process of reflection using the chosen model. The incident will then be described and analysed and the people involved introduced. (The names of the people involved have been changed to protect their privacy) and then I will examine issues raised in light of the recent literature relating to the incident. My essay will include a discussion of communication, interpersonal skills used in the incident, and finally evidence based practice. I will conclude with explaining what I have learned from the experience and how it will change my future actions.
Necessary Behavioral Mental Health intervention does not end at the point first responders have successfully contained the actual crisis. The ongoing need for Behavioral Mental Health services will continue for an extended length of time when a traumatic event such as that depicted in the scenario occur. A copious number of individuals will have ...
Cognitive therapy approaches of psychotherapy have proved to be one of the most effective psychological approaches for a wide range of behavioral problems. “CBT teaches anxiety reduction skills that people can use for the rest of their lives. Research shows the
2. Detection of Incidents: It cannot succeed in responding to incidents if an organization cannot detect incidents effectively. Therefore, one of the most important aspects of incident response is the detection of incidents phase. It is also one of the most fragmented phases, in which incident response expertise has the least control. Suspected incidents may be detected in innumerable ways.