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Nazi rule in Germany
Topics for german culture and society paper
The German public towards Hitler
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In his memoir Defying Hitler, Sebastian Haffner highlights the events and attitudes that eventually lead to the rise of the Nazi regime and the war that would change the world forever. He describes the struggle between and among the powerful forces at the time of his childhood as a duel, waged at the expense of the citizens, which supposed to be protected and cared for above all else. He goes on to describe how the priorities of the ruling powers slowly changed, attempting to hold back the Nazis, while still withholding their own dignity and influence. Haffner’s perspective gives the reader a unique insight into the minds and mentalities of the average German citizen at a time of massive governmental and social change in Europe. He goes on …show more content…
He even acknowledges his own insignificance in the grand scheme of life, pointing out the tendency of readers to ask “Why should I care about this one man’s struggle when there are others out there who are also suffering?” Later, he describes his attempt to seclude himself from the rest of the world, in order to separate himself as much as possible from the nefarious and heinous wrongdoings of his fellow, more impressionable countrymen. In his description of his personal experiences, from his hope of a better future to his excitement at the prospect of seeing his girlfriend after a long time apart, he also expresses the experiences of others living at the same time. Similar in their tendencies and feelings, all of the people living in Europe at the time more than likely experienced the same urgings and feelings as Haffner did. Towards the end of the book, Haffner describes his being drafted into a training camp made especially for Referendars, judges and lawyers in training. As he receives this message, it seems to disrupt his fantasy of a relatively normal life and pull him away from the life he had so secretively built for himself. He describes the feeling as similar to the motivations behind a temper tantrum, unable to express the anger you feel, other than through physical
Adolf Hitler, born in 1889, is an Austrian born man who is known for his instigation and participation in the Nazi Political movement, or genocide, known as the Holocaust. Throughout his later life, Hitler spent the majority of his time organizing discriminatory laws that prevented Jewish citizens’ basic rights and ultimately their demise. However, before he advanced such laws and politics, he served as the Head of State, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, until he became the Fuhrer of Germany’s Third Reich which began in 1933 and ended in 1945 (Jewish Virtual Library). His actions were fueled by an unrelenting and strict hate for the Jewish community, better known as anti-Semitism, much like the vast majority of Eastern countries. Both
On Hitler’s Mountain is a memoir of a child named Irmgard Hunt and her experiences growing up in Nazi Germany. She herself has had many experiences of living during that dark time, she actually met Hitler, had a grandfather who hated Hitler's rule, and had no thoughts or feelings about the Nazi rule until the end of WWII. Her memoir is a reminder of what can happen when an ordinary society chooses a cult of personality over rational thought. What has happened to the German people since then, what are they doing about it today and how do they feel about their past? Several decades later, with most Nazis now dead or in hiding, and despite how much Germany has done to prevent another Nazi rule, everyone is still ashamed of their ancestors’ pasts.
The Silber Medal winning biography, “Surviving Hitler," written by Andrea Warren paints picture of life for teenagers during the Holocaust, mainly by telling the story of Jack Mandelbaum. Avoiding the use of historical analysis, Warren, along with Mandelbaum’s experiences, explains how Jack, along with a few other Jewish and non-Jewish people survived.
Imagine being in an ongoing battle where friends and others are dying. All that is heard are bullets being shot, it smells like gas is near, and hearts race as the times go by. This is similar to what war is like. In the novel All Quiet on the Western Front, the narrator, Paul Baumer, and his friends encounter the ideals of suffering, death, pain, and despair. There is a huge change in these men; at the beginning of feel the same way about it. During the war the men experience many feelings, especially the loss of loved ones. These feelings are shown through their first experience at training camp, during the actual battles, and in the hospital. Training camp was the first actuality of what war was going to be like for the men. They thought that it would be fun, and they could take pride in defending their country. Their teacher, Kantorek, told them that they should all enroll in the war. Because of this, almost all of the men in the class enrolled. It was in training camp that they met their cruel corporal, Himelstoss.&nbs most by him. They have to lie down in the mud and practice shooting and jumping up. Also, these three men must remake Himelstoss’ bed fourteen times, until it is perfect. Himelstoss puts the young men through so much horror that they yearn for their revenge. Himelstoss is humiliated when he goes to tell on Tjaden, and Tjaden only receives an easy punishment. Training camp is as death and destruction. Training camp is just a glimpse of what war really is. The men do not gain full knowledge of war until they go to the front line. The front line is the most brutal part of the war. The front line is the place in which the battles are fought. Battles can only be described in one word- chaos. Men are running around trying to protect themselves while shooting is in the trench with an unknown man from the other side. This battle begins with shells bursting as they hit the ground and machine guns that rattle as they are being fired. In order to ensure his survival, Paul must kill the other man. First, Paul stabs the man, but he struggles for his life. He dies shortly after, and Paul discovers who he has killed. The man is Gerald Duval, a printer.&n Having to deal with killing others is one of the horrors of war. The men who are killed and the people who kill them could have been friends, if only they were on the same side. The other important battle leaves both Paul and Kropp with injuries.
A Child of Hitler by Alfons Heck is an autobiographical account of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 from his perspective as a member of the Hitler Youth. Heck’s autobiography is abundant with emotional treatise and recollections from his childhood. Published in 1985, the book is targeted toward an adult audience. The overarching theme focuses on repentance and the overwhelming power of propaganda and the resulting passion produced by NSDAP indoctrination. Using this theme as guidance, Heck argues that Nazi propaganda was highly efficient and produced an indoctrinated generation that was consumed with Aryan and Third Reich superiority until the defeat of Germany in 1945.
]Haffner, is a book which is hard to define. Only 165 pages long, Haffner has crammed more relevant information into this book than many twice its length. He observes Hitler's roller coaster ride through life and the country that he eventually took along. From Hitler's private life to the complete betrayal of Germany, Haffner evaluates the conditions and impetus for Hitler's accomplishments and failures. These include not only Hitler's psyche, but also the political arena of post World War I Europe.
Gottfried, Ted, and Stephen Alcorn. Nazi Germany: The Face of Tyranny. Brookfield, CT: Twenty-First Century, 2000. Print.
One of the most relevant chapters in Mein Kampf to understand the basis and roots of Hitler's ideologies is Chapter XI, "Nation and Race," where Hitler discusses the imperative to defend the Aryan race from the Jewish menace and their "corrupt ways". Through this chapter of the book Hitler states his position that cross-breeding decimates the human species by indicating the digressive effects of breeding between races, encouraging the dominance of the strong, and condemning the regression of the superior races.
On January 30, 1933, Hitler rose to power, during his time of power Jews had been dehumanized, reduced to little more than “things” by the Nazis. The many examples as to how they had been dehumanized are shown in the novel, Night by Elie Wiesel. For example, the Jews were stripped of their identity, they were abused, and they treated each other with a lack of dignity and voice.
The debate as to whether Hitler was a ‘weak dictator’ or ‘Master of the Third Reich’ is one that has been contested by historians of Nazi Germany for many years and lies at the centre of the Intentionalist – Structuralist debate. On the one hand, historians such as Bullock, Bracher, Jackel and Hildebrand regard Hitler’s personality, ideology and will as the central locomotive in the Third Reich. Others, such as Broszat, Mason and Mommsen argue that the regime evolved out from pressures and circumstances rather than from Hitler’s intentions. They emphasise the institutional anarchy of the regime as being the result of Hitler’s ‘weak’ leadership. The most convincing standpoint is the synthesis of the two schools, which acknowledges both Hitler’s centrality in explaining the essence of Nazi rule but also external forces that influenced Hitler’s decision making. In this sense, Hitler was not a weak dictator as he possessed supreme authority but as Kershaw maintains, neither was he ‘Master of the Third Reich’ because he did not exercise unrestricted power.
Many historians in the period 1970 – 2000 attempted to write a complete account of the Weimar republic and very few succeeded, however, E.J Feuchtwanger’s ‘From Weimar to Hitler’ published in 1993 is one of the most successful overviews published. Feuchtwanger excellently examines the high politics of the Weimar re...
Bartoletti, Susan Campbell. Hitler Youth [growing up in Hitler's Shadow]. New York: Random House/Listening Library, 2006. Print.
In Confronting Hitler, William Smaldone traces the ebb and flow of power in Weimar Germany - illuminating a tragic tale of various ideological fractures and political failures by the German Social Democratic Party(SPD). Constructing and analyzing ten critical biographies of the SPD’s most prominent leaders, Smaldone reveals the aspects of these activists' lives that proved most consequential in shaping their political outlook during Weimar's final crisis. Through these narratives, a case-study is formed in order to better understand the collapse of various promising democratic-socialist movements throughout the 20th century. Furthermore, it becomes clear in the case of Weimar, that the failure of the Social Democrats to defend the republic
Haffner describes many stories on the changing scene in Germany during the Nazis rise to power. One reflection I found particularly interesting was his first encounter with the SA. Haffner initially explains what the tradition of Carnival in Berlin was like and how it was a time of youthful partying and liveliness. The young Haffner and a long time friend were enjoying this period of festivities at a local ball when a rumor of the police being in attendance spread around the party. Suddenly, an SA member started threatening everyone that he would take them to jail if they did not immediately leave. He later realizes that this was his first face-to-face meeting with the Nazi’s police force.
On August 19, 1934, the funeral of democracy--which signified freedom, liberty, and equality--took place in Germany. The passing of the system was not a difficult experience but in fact expected. And, intimate friends gathered to bid farewell to democracy by casting votes. Ironically and unfortunately, the cause of the death was democracy itself, an election was held to dismantle the system. However, how could people silenced their own voice in how their country should be governed? With a disgraceful defeat in 1919, Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles thus ending World War I but also igniting hatred, vulnerability and a dictator. With the litany of restrictions and reminders of their downfall, Germans became outraged at their government. In addition to the loss, the Weimer Republic, the government system postwar, could not control an inflation wiping out the people’s life savings and respect. Germans started to distrust their government system; the citizens thus saw a resolution named Adolf Hitler. Hitler comforted the citizens and promoted ways to improve Germany. Yet Hitler became in power because of fear, violence and trickery. It was from then on that democracy crumbled and dictatorship elevated. The only controversy is who or what is responsible for the death of democracy and the rise of a totalitarian regime. Many may blame the citizens for in fact voting to lose their right, or Hitler himself for using devious strategies, punishing people, and being too persuasive. However, the true people who deserve the responsibility for the death of democracy and the rise of dictatorship in Germany is the parliament because they failed to do their duty. They didn’t help Germany develop, they didn’t use their power and they made horr...