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Criminal profiling as an investigative tool
Criminal profiling as an investigative tool
Criminal profiling
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Why would anyone who is not a criminal want to think like a criminal? Television shows like Law and Order: Criminal Intent, CSI, and Criminal Minds have brought criminal profiling to the attention of the general public while they have painted a somewhat unrealistic picture of the job of a criminal profiler (Huet). What, then, is criminal profiling? Also known as criminal investigative analysis or offender profiling, it is an investigative tool in which psychological evaluations are used to predict the behavior patterns, character traits, and other aspects of the personality of criminal suspects, based partially on studying clues found at the scene of the crime. Profiling usually pertains to serial crimes such as rape and murder (“Creating a Criminal Profile”). There are many different aspects to crime-solving through psychological profiling which has evolved and changed in multiple ways since its inception, and in recent years, profiling has become a primary resource for law enforcement …show more content…
Howard Teten, who started out as a police officer and later taught courses in criminology, presented his first behavioral analysis in Amarillo, Texas, in 1970. In 1973, Teten partnered with Patrick Mullany, an abnormal psychology expert, to profile the suspect in an abduction case in Montana which involved the kidnapping and murder of seven year old Susan Jaeger, who disappeared from a Rocky Mountain campground. Teten and Mullany believed that the murderer was a young white male who mutilated the bodies of his victims and probably kept body parts as souvenirs. David Meirhofer was arrested and later confessed to the Jaeger murder and several others. He was the first serial offender to be captured solely on the basis of a criminal profile (“Biographies of Criminal
The role of criminal justice professionals is to preserve and uphold the Constitution by enforcing laws, protecting citizen’s rights and promoting justice for all. Police officers in the field of duty must be able to discern situations to be able to act in the most appropriate manner as it relates to their job. In this case study, Officer Smith is threatened with being penalized for making a decision he thinks is good community policing, but his Lieutenant feels he violated protocol. Officer Smith responds to a domestic dispute between an intoxicated husband and wife. Normal procedure would be to arrest the husband and put him in jail until the decision is made whether or not to press charges. Instead, Officer Smith decides to intervene and asks the couple questions about if they love each other, and why they are physically assaulting each other. They respond they do love each other, but the alcohol makes them violent towards one another. Officer Smith then recommends counseling for the couple, as an alternative to putting the husband in jail. The couple agrees to
The American approach to offender profiling according to Webber (2009, p42) is a method based on interviewing convicted serial killers, to see how they describe their offending. They then use that information to look at crime scenes to see what type of person might have committed the offences as mentioned previously. This style of offender profiling is associated with that of the FBI’s behavioural science unit (Webber 2009, p42).
Criminal profiling is not just something that one as a law enforcement officer, jumps up to. It is usually done by forensic experts who have anatomical knowledge and are conversant with the criminal mind and culture. According to Fintzy (2000), it requires diligence, brainpower and the ability to query assumptions and presumptions. Thus a normal police officer would be confused when left to decipher the cause of a particular crime and would appear completely subdued if told to deduce the profile of the possible criminal. Criminal profiling itself as a process of deciphering criminals and their actions, began in 1969 and was advanced by the FBI (Turvey, 1997). According to many psychological experts on crime scenes, the scene of crime should and will always tell of the offender’s psychological disp...
By understanding and studying criminal behavior, law enforcement officials are able to infer future behaviors and hopefully prevent future crimes from occurring. Linking the Modus Operandi to victims allows law enforcement to link multiple victims to the same murderer and based on the time of the last murder determine a possible cool down time utilized by the killer. Being able to out this information together makes it possible to predict roughly when to expect another victim of a long term unsolved case.
Criminal profiling can be a rather useful tool for criminal investigators of all kinds. Many departments use profiling to catch terrorists, gangs, cyber-crimes, counter intelligence, white collar crimes, and most of all serial killers. How criminal profiling works is by looking at the behavior of the criminal to gain insight into his or her personality. A doctor does the same thing when looking at symptoms to diagnose a certain disease. Being able to understand this person’s personality leads you one step closer to catching him or her.
The process of using behavioral evidence left at a crime scene to make inferences about the offender, including inferences about personality characteristics and psychopathology is called criminal profiling. Around the country, several agencies rely on the minds of criminal psychologists to lead them in the right direction to finding the correct offender. Criminal profiling provides investigators with knowledge of the appearance and behavior of a potential criminal.
he had bound her and forced her to have sex with him against her will.
The most famous serial killers were at one point free and had the opportunity to do what they wanted to do. Ted Bundy for example killed over 30 people, The Atlanta Child Murderers killed 29 people almost all children, and the Green River Killer committed somewhere between 48 to 90 murders. All were eventually caught with forensics, but if police used criminal profiling it might have help catch them sooner. Teten and Patrick Mullany are the first two who have profiled difficult criminal cases. Teten’s first investigation was a woman who was stabbed in her home. He looked at the documents and the crime scene and came up with a profile that fit the description of the actual killer. Mullany and Patrick were
Winerman, L. (2004). Criminal profiling: The reality behind the myth. Monitor on psychology, 35(7), Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug04/criminal.aspx
When it comes to profiling, it is a very controversial tool, although within the past couple decades it has increased in use significantly. One huge controversy is the fact that not a lot of people believe that a hypothetical depiction of a suspect actually helps contribute to solving crimes, however, a lot of the profiles for serial killers in the past have been incredibly accurate. There is, however, a lack of scientific evidence to support these techniques. With the lack of a scientific basis, the question of the validity that profiling brings to investigations arises often. The main issue is that no one knows if they have a good portrait until the suspect is caught.
Historically, crime and criminals have always caught the attention of law-abiding citizens. Whenever there is mention of serial killers or unsolved murders or abductions, psychological profiling, now a household term, floats to the top of the list of concerns (Egger, 1999). Psychological profiling is an attempt to provide investigators with more information about an offender who has not yet been identified (Egger, 1999). Its purpose is to develop a behavioral composite that combines both sociological and psychological assessment of the would-be offender. It is generally based on the premise that an accurate analysis and interpretation of the crime scene and other locations related to the crime can indicate the type of person who could have committed the crime (Egger, 1999).
The process of inferring the personality characteristics of individuals responsible for committing criminal acts has commonly been referred to as criminal profiling. (Turvey) Criminal profiling can also be referred to as, behavioral profiling because when a profiler creates a profile they refer to the behavior of the offender. The general term criminal profiling can also be referred to as crime scene profiling, criminal personality profiling, offender profiling, psychological profiling and criminal investigative analysis. All the terms listed above are used inconsistently and interchangeably. Modern criminal profiling is owing to a diverse history grounded in the study of criminal behavior (criminology), the study of mental illness (psychology and psychiatry), and the examination of physical evidence (the forensic sciences). (Turvey) There are four very important elements that contribute to the making of a criminal profile. These elements are victimology, wound pattern analysis, crime scene characteristics and criminology. Victimology is the study of victims. The profilers ask themselves questions such as, “Why this person?” and “Was the victim related to their killer or attacker?” Wound pattern analysis is the study of the way the wounds on the victim were made. Crime scene characteristics help to the making of a profile by showing profilers what exactly went on during the crime. Criminology is the study of the crime, criminals and criminal behaviors.
Under the crime and criminology category, there is a profession named criminologist. A criminologist is trained to focus on studying the crime and also the cause, effects and impact on society of the crime (How to become a criminologist, 2015). People are often identifying this with the popular crime series, CSI or Criminal Minds, where the actors and actresses are trying to understand the mind of a criminal and the impact of the crime commit. Criminologists’ core responsibility is to analyze all characteristics of a particular crime and coming out with ways to prevent crime and decreasing the tendency of backsliding (Roufa, 2015). They will get to know what drives the criminal into committing the particular crime and what is the effect for
In Intro to Criminal Justice class, I had the opportunity to learn about the Criminal Justice System more thoroughly. I learned that there are three components that make up the Criminal Justice System such as the courts, law enforcement, and corrections. Each component has its own role in making sure the the Criminal Justice System is functioning properly. If one of these components are not efficient the Criminal Justice system will not be as strong as it could be.
I now know that criminology prefer to highlight the correlations between crimes’ social climates and criminals’ psychological states of mind. While some argues that criminal behavior is a result of individuals’ association with criminal peers, other claims that crime is a reflection of an individual’s genetic disadvantages. I have come to learn that there are no universally agreed formulas on decoding crimes and criminal behaviors. What we have, however, is a manual full of academic opinions and subjective views that have emerged alongside of the development of criminology. At the same time, the volume of conflicting perspectives that I have stumble upon in studying criminology reminded me again that the success of our current assessment models has yet to be determined. Thus, the study of criminology is an appropriate practice that will further prepare me to conduct meaningful research on legal studies and to provide accurate and in-depth findings in the near