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The impact of Greek mythology on literature
Literature and power
The impact of Greek mythology on literature
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One important idea in the Epic of Gilgamesh is that power without purpose leads to corruption, as authority is shown to be easily abused and misused when in the wrong hands. One example of the exploitation of power happens shortly after Gilgamesh rejects Ishtar’s desire to marry him, due to the state of her past lovers. As a result of being “insulted” Ishtar uses her status as Queen of Heaven and manipulates her parent’s power, to demand the Bull of Heaven in order to destroy Gilgamesh as an act of vengeance. To show the calamitous effects of releasing the Bull of Heaven, the narrator states “When they reached the gates of Uruk. The bull went to the river. With his first snort, cracks opened in the earth and 100 young men feel down to death” “200 fell down dead” “Woe to Gilgamesh for he has scorned me in killing the Bull of Heaven” The words “hundred”, “death”, “two hundred” and “woe” create a destructive tone that conveys Ishtar’s indifference to the 300 deaths of her own people, which …show more content…
This also explains to the reader not only the massive amount of power the gods possess since they own a creature as powerful as the bull of heaven but also the lack of respecting the power they have. Additionally, throughout this scene depicted in the quote, the misuse of power is shown through the gods carelessly hand invaluable power to Ishtar knowing her intent as not to anger the daughter of such a powerful god, even if her problem was something as petty as an statement of the truth and insulting. After this ordeal more mindlessness is expressed with the phrase “woe to Gilgamesh” since Ishtar, out of anger punished Gilgamesh for ending the destruction that is caused by her. So after killing the Bull of heaven and evoking Ishtar’s rage, Enkidu is cursed to his own
After the defeat, Gilgamesh is wanted by the goddess Ishtar. Gilgamesh does not want to be Ishtar’s lover, so Ishtar request her father to send the Bull of Heaven to defeat Gilgamesh. But the power friendship Enkidu and Gilgamesh defeat the Bull of Heaven. The gods are upset by the death of Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven and seeks revenge, they request the death of either Gilgamesh or Enkidu. Ultimately the gods decided that Enkidu must die.
Not only did Gilgamesh reject her but he also disrespected her by saying foal things towards her. The after math was not pretty at all. As a consequence, Ishtar, the goddess of love, fertility, and war summoned the Bull of Heaven onto Gilgamesh. Both Enkidu and Gilgamesh with each other's support slayed and conquered the bull. However, Ishtar was disrespected even more when Enkidu thought it would be a good idea to rip out the bull's right thigh, toss it in her face and threaten her. "When Enkidu heard these words, he tore out the bulls' right thigh and tossed it to her face saying, if I could lay my hands on you it is this I should do to you, and lash the entrails to your side."3 Enkidu isn't a god, he's a man. He stepped over the boundaries of disrespecting a god. This intimidation definitely made Ishtar infuriated, she was seeing red all around. As a result of Gilgamesh and Enkidu slaughtering the Bull of Heaven and Humababa the gods made Enkidu become sick and die as punishment. Here you have the gods setting boundaries and keeping Enkidu and Gilgamesh in order. Enkidu lost his life and Gilgamesh lost his other half, his
Consequences are inevitable. A decision made today will have consequences that can last years or even a lifetime. Both Gilgamesh and Enkidu made choices that changed their lives forever. Consequences can be both positive and negative, but each is equally long lasting.
They cut down trees, “then Enkidu builds a gigantic door…as a gift to Enlil.” (44) Upon their arrival to Uruk, Ishtar the goddess of sex, love and warfare wanted to wed Gilgamesh. In spite of this, Gilgamesh did not feel the same and did not wish to marry her. Ishtar was so upset with the decision of Gilgamesh that she sent down the “Bull of Heaven” (50) to kill him. The bull ultimately met its’ demise when Gilgamesh and Enkidu killed it.
After reading The Epic of Gilgamesh, I have come to realize that Gilgamesh is not a hero, but a failure. His journey does not follow the traditional circular hero’s journey and he does not posses the traits that an admirable hero should have.
The epic begins with the men of Uruk describing Gilgamesh as an overly aggressive ruler. "'Gilgamesh leaves no son to his father; day and night his outrageousness continues unrestrained; And he is the shepherd of Uruk, the enclosure; He is their shepherd, and yet he oppresses them. Strong, handsome, and wise. . . Gilgamesh leaves no virgin to her lover.'"(p.18, Line 23-27) The citizens respect him, but they resent his sexual and physical aggression, so they plead to the gods to alleviate some of their burden. The gods resolve to create an equal for Gilgamesh to tame him and keep him in line. This equal, Enkidu, has an immediate impact on Gilgamesh. When they first meet, both having never before met a man equal in stature, they brawl. "They grappled with each other, Snorting like bulls; They shattered the doorpost, that the wall shook."(p.32, lines 15-18) In giving Gilgamesh a real battle, Enkidu instantly changes him; having this equal gives Gilgamesh a sense of respect for another man. These two men fighting each other creates a serious mess, but they both end up without animosity toward the other.
Similarly, both Ishtar and Siduri maintain the boundaries between humans and the divine realm by trying to keep Gilgamesh in the realm of man. Gilgamesh insults Ishtar with rejection and she then sends down the Bull of Heaven as revenge (85-88). After Enkidu and Gilgamesh kill the Bull of Heaven Enkidu insulted Ishtar further when he, "tore out the Bull's right thigh and tossed it in her face" (88). ...
Perhaps one of the main reasons the Epic of Gilgamesh is so popular and has lasted such a long time, is because it offers insight into the human concerns of people four thousand years ago, many of which are still relevant today. Some of these human concerns found in the book that are still applicable today include: the fear and concerns people have in relation to death, overwhelming desires to be immortal, and the impact a friendship has on a person’s life. It does not take a great deal of insight into The Epic of Gilgamesh for a person to locate these themes in the story, and even less introspection to relate to them.
Gilgamesh also has the same misconception that the gods are all powerful. After he and Enkidu kill the Bull of Heaven, the gods Anu, Enlil, Ea and Shamash convene and decide that one of the brothers must die for their evil deed. Shamash, Gilgamesh’s protector, pleads with the other gods to spare his life. The other gods disregard Shamash’s appeal and Enkidu dies. In each instance, one god is not able to impose his agenda against the wishes of the other gods.
It is within the beginning of this story that one is introduced to the life choices of Gilgamesh. He is the King of Uruk-a ruler full of vanity, selfishness, and materialism. "His arrogance has no bounds by day or night." Every choice that he makes is based upon himself and his desires alone. Gilgamesh "leaves no virgin to her lover, neither the warrior’s daughter nor the wife of the noble." He makes his choices without a conscience or care. What he wants is what he gets. For he is the "perfect man," the King of Uruk, no one can deny his "greatness."
The story of Gilgamesh seems to be a collection of trials and tribulation. Throughout the book, you watch characters battle demons with each other, as well as within themselves. The tantalizing temptations that fill each character, ultimately leads to destruction and death. One example was the relationship between Ishtar and Gilgamesh. Both characters display a type of arrogant, 'ego-consciousness' (Neumann 63) that inevitably leads to subversive fate.
The king of Uruk, who lived around 2600 B.C.E, Gilgamesh, was one-third man and two-thirds god (Gilgamesh, 61). Known as present day Iraq, Mesopotamia was where the ancient sto-ry “The Epic of Gilgamesh” was originated. The story talked about Gilgamesh’s relationship be-tween his close companions. Meeting the immortal flood survivor and giving him eternal life was Gilgamesh's long journey. The Epic of Gilgamesh teaches about the Sumarian society.
As Gilgamesh cleans himself and his blood stained weapons, Ishtar, the goddess of love and beauty, takes notice of his beauty and offers to become his wife. Gilgamesh refuses with insults, listing all her mortal lovers and recounting the dire fates they all met with at her hands. Ishtar is enraged at the rebuff. She returns to heaven and begs her father, Anu, to let her have the Bull of Heaven to wreak vengeance on Gilgamesh and his city. Anu reluctantly gives in, and the Bull of Heaven is sent down to terrorize the people of Uruk. Gilgamesh and Enkidu, work together to slay the mighty bull. That following night Enkidu dreams that the chief gods met in a council and had decided that someone should be punished for the killing of Humbaba and the Bull of the Heavens. That someone is he. Enkidu commends himself to Gilgamesh, and after suffering terribly for twelve days, he finally dies.
The Epic of Gilgamesh, the Iliad, and Oedipus Rex all center on morality in terms of each character’s social behavior from the beginning to the end of the story. Gilgamesh, Achilles, and Oedipus are three central characters that embody strong qualities of strength, however carry different experiences of morality. Furthermore, all three characters hold different moral codes that are dependent on their ability to resolve the unique situations that they are in. Nevertheless, morality has ultimately impacted the character’s perception of their role in society in terms of whether or not their actions benefit someone or something. This paper will be examining the morality of the three main characters as they undergo major character transformations
The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem of a hero named Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh is seventy- five percent god and twenty- five percent human. Gilgamesh is a fierce warrior and is used to getting what he pleases whenever he wants, but he is not satisfied with all the things he has. Gilgamesh is lonely and wishes for a companion of some sort. The gods notice that Gilgamesh is starting to become too powerful for his own good and decide to create another being somewhat similar to Gilgamesh, but more powerful so that he is able to defeat Gilgamesh and bring him to his knees. They create a similar being named Enkidu. Enkidu starts off as just a very powerful being wondering the wilderness by himself. He, like Gilgamesh is lonely and wishes to find someone