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Corruption by politicians
Corruption by politicians
Corruption by politicians
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Section One - Facets of corruption The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has defined corruption as “the misuse of public power, office or authority for private benefit- through bribery, extortion, influence peddling, nepotism, fraud, speed money or embezzlement (UNDP, 1999).” In some Asian countries, corruption can be a way of life when it is rampant and occurs at all levels. Corruption can also be grand or petty in nature. George Moody-Stuart (1997) has defined grand corruption as “the misuse of public power by heads of states, ministers and top officials for private, pecuniary profit.” Conversely, underpaid civil servants who demand bribes from the people to expedite their applications or perform other favours practice petty corruption. For instance, many civil servants in the Philippines are paid starvation wages and resort to petty corruption to supplement their meager wages. The UNDP (2008) contends that petty corruption is a “misnomer” because it affects the “daily lives of a very large number of people, especially the poor.” According to Amundsen (1999), the illicit or immoral nature of political corruption makes it even more “inaccessible to scientific investigation than most human behavior.” The concealed, under-communicated, and illegal nature of corruption “indicates the feebleness of statistical methods in assessing its quantitative aspects. ” It is problematic to measure the actual extent of corruption for four main reasons. Firstly, it is difficult to collect data on bureaucratic corruption in government agencies as corrupt bureaucratic conceal their activities to evade detection. Secondly, given the sensitive nature of bureaucratic corruption, survey research methods cannot be employed to obtain direct ... ... middle of paper ... ...sure their laws comply with international regulations and standards, and are planning to amend existing laws or draft new legislation. Furthermore, greater emphasis and attention has been paid to strengthen anti-money laundering systems and laws. The plethora of initiatives and action serves to display Asian countries’ proactive responsibilities and inclination in cleaning up regional and national corruption. Countries are dedicating important resources to strengthen capacity and enhancing knowledge within their law enforcement authorities to enable them to deal with the growing complexity of corruption and related crimes. As a result, there are no Asian countries featuring on the list of non-cooperative countries of the Financial Action Task Force. This significant achievement is a testimony of the progress of Asian Countries has accomplished in curbing corruption.
When dealing with corruption, first question to ask or to clarify is what corruption is. NSW Research (2002) describes corruption anything from gaining materialistically by virtue of position (for eg. getting a special discount at stores) to engaging in ‘direct criminal activities’ (eg. selling drugs). Newburn (1999) believes that there is a thin line between the definition of ‘corrupt’ and ‘non-corrupt’ activities as at the end, it is an ethical problem. For common people, however, bribery generalises corruption.
Corruption is commonly defined as “being dishonest or illegal behavior, especially by powerful people (such as government officials or police officers)” according to Merriam-Webster.com. However, although defined, corruption cannot be measured. Without measurement of this ten letter word, it becomes troubling within jurisdiction’s law abiding citizens live in. As a result, hysteria, panic and doubts arise which are only a few out many reactions the public makes. With the press only stirring greater chaos, corruption is never completely solved, which is why it must be confronted and measured before it’s too late. If not it’ll only continue to linger throughout media headlines and forums, but also the society, it conclusively affected and left a mark on for example, Pageland, SC.
Corruption is an individual and institutional process where there is a gain by a public official from a briber and in return receives a service. Between the gain and the service, there is an improper connection, (Thompson p.28). The two major categories of bribery is individual and institutional corruption. Receiving personal goods for the pursuit of one’s own benefit is personal fraud. An example of individual distortion is the financial scandal involving David Durenberger. Organizational corruption involves “receiving goods that are useable primarily in the political process and are necessary for doing a job or are essential by-products of doing it,” (Thompson p.30). An instance of institutional fraud is the Keating Five case. There are also times where there is a mixture of both individual and organizational corruption in a scandal. An example of this diverse combination is James C. Wright Jr. actions while he was the Speaker of the House.
—. Spotlight on Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. 14 November 2012. Web. 20 February 2014. .
Politicians many times have been found guilty of corruption. They use unethical techniques to get higher positions in an election, to gain more money, votes or to lay hands on ungotten wealth. Corruption exists in the police force, in law and order and even in the management of the Olympic Games.
Chetwynd, Eric, Frances Chetwynd, and Bertram Spector. "Corruption and Poverty: A Review of Recent Literature." Management Systems International (2003): n. pag. Print.
Bribery occurs when money, services, goods, information, or anything else of value is offered with intent to influence a person’s actions, decisions, or opinions of the accuser. Charges can be brought against an individual, whether they offered the bribe or accept it. Bribery and public corruption cases frequently make headlines new stories daily. Bribes can take the forms of gifts or payments of money in exchange for favorable treatment like awards of government contracts (Mince-Didler, n.d.). Government officials tend to gain a huge incentive with bribery while serving their term. Other forms of bribes may include privileges, services, various goods, property and favors. Bribes are always intended to influence or alter the actions of individuals with political and public corruption (Mince-Didler, n.d.).
Opium, the first opioid, is derived from the sap of opium poppies, whose growth and cultivation dates back to the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia around 3400 BC. Egyptians and Persians initially used opium. Eventually spreading to various parts of Europe, India, China, and the Middle East. During the 18th century, physicians in the U.S. used opium as a therapeutic agent for multiple purposes, including relieving pain in cancer, spasms from tetanus, and pain attendant to menstruation and childbirth. It was merely towards the end of the 18th century that some physicians came to recognize the addictive quality of opium.
Bologna, Jack, Lindquist, Robert, Wells, Joseph, & Jones, Peter. (2004). Fraud and corruption in public services. Gower Publishing Company.
Corruption consists in the illegitimate agreement between a corruptor and a corrupted, in which they abuse of their public power in order to obtain personal benefit. Bribery and corruption is something that has been going on for years. According to Allen, “officials perceive themselves as immune to any penalties for demanding and receiving bribes” which she states that it is one of the main reasons for bribery and corruption in underdeveloped countries. According to Transparency International, an organization committed exclusively to end corruption, three of the most corrupt countries in the world are Somalia, North Korea and Afghanistan. This does not mean that corruption is only seen in underdeveloped countries. In international business, corporate employees often find themselves dealing with corruptors in foreign countries and, in most cases, they will give in.
Some people said that corruption is rampant in all governments, So that it is not unknown to any ethnic group, region and continent. It cuts across faiths, political systems, religious Denominations and affects both young and old people. Fraud can be found in public and authoritarian rule;...
Moral ethics is the belief that all human beings are born to know right from wrong. We come into this world as good people, but the temptations and challenges in life influence our mind set to as it will. Every person on Earth chooses if they’re to follow through with their life of good or go down the path of bad. “A person’s moral ethics” (unknown.)
Montesh, M. (n.d.). Conceptualizing Corruption: Forms, Causes, Types and Consequences. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from
Kearney, A.T. (2001). Corruption and the Globalization Index. Last access on 27 March 2005 at URL: http://www.globalcorruptionreport.org/download/gcr2001/data_and_research.pdf NAIM, Mois´s (1995). Corruption Eruption. Last accessed on 2 April 2005 at URL: http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=648 MORAN, Robert T. and RIESENBERGER, John R. (1994)
In simple terms Public Corruption can be defined as the misuse of public office for private gain.Corruption is an outcome and reflection of a country’s economic,legal,cultural and political institutions. Transparency International(2005,2008) found that more than 65% of Indians had a first hand experience of paying bribes and nearly 45% used contacts to get job done.Institutionalised Corruption has long been prevalent in India.Big Business and individuals dictate bureaucratic norms by breaking law,paying off public servants just to gain access to elements of governance.