Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Bribery and ethics
White collar crime versus street crime
White collar crime versus street crime
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
It is customary to divide the categories of crimes, according to their violence ratio. For example, there are violent crimes, typically thought of as street crime, such as first degree, second degree, manslaughter and non-violent crimes such as blackmail, bribery, embezzlement, and forgery. However, the term “violent” can be applied to both street crimes and white collar crimes. Although street crimes are usually thought of as taking something by force, white collar crimes are typically perpetrated by a “respectable person”. The Department of Justice defines white collar crimes as “those classes of non-violent illegal activities which principally involve traditional ideas of deceit, deception, concealment, manipulation, breach of trust, …show more content…
For instance, any financial crime can leave individuals without shelter, money, or any reasonable quality of life due to the white collar offense. Therefore, white collar crime may not involve force, they still may affect people physically. As a matter of fact, white collar crime may result in a greater impact than street crimes. Nevertheless, we continue to operate on a dichotomy of beliefs regarding violent and non-violent crimes. In this paper, we will explore white collar crime as a non-violent crime. Those crimes under discussion are blackmail, bribery, embezzlement, and forgery. In addition, we will discuss violent crimes such as first degree, second degree, and manslaughter (Verstein, …show more content…
Bribery occurs when money, services, goods, information, or anything else of value is offered with intent to influence a person’s actions, decisions, or opinions of the accuser. Charges can be brought against an individual, whether they offered the bribe or accept it. Bribery and public corruption cases frequently make headlines new stories daily. Bribes can take the forms of gifts or payments of money in exchange for favorable treatment like awards of government contracts (Mince-Didler, n.d.). Government officials tend to gain a huge incentive with bribery while serving their term. Other forms of bribes may include privileges, services, various goods, property and favors. Bribes are always intended to influence or alter the actions of individuals with political and public corruption (Mince-Didler, n.d.). A written agreement is deemed necessary to prove the crime of bribery; however, prosecutors must show corrupt intent for proof of this crime. For the majority of situations, both parties such as the offering and the acceptance of the bribe will be charged with bribery. Bribery also occurs within the criminal justice system and traditionally it was limited to the judges who took money in exchange for ruling a certain way on a particular crime that was committed. In the past,
Criminology is the scientific study of crimes and criminal behaviour. Criminological theories and research aim at giving us an understanding of the reasons and factors that influence why people commit crimes. There are two main types of crime: Blue collar crime and white collar crime. Blue-collar crimes is the term used to describe crimes that are committed primarily by people who are from a lower socioeconomic class while white-collar crime is usually committed by people in a higher socioeconomic class. The main difference between the two is “white-collar” crime is usually considered to be a victimless crime in which there is no one directly made to be in a worse situation than what they were in before . An example of the more common street
White-collar crime is the financially motivated illegal acts that are committed by the middle and upper class through their legitimate business or government activities. This form of crime was first coined by Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as “a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.” (Linden, 2016). Crime has often been associated with the lower class due to economic reasons. However, Sutherland stressed that the Criminal Justice System needed to acknowledge illegal business activity as crime due to the repercussions they caused and the damage they can cause to society (Linden, 2016). Crime was prevalently thought to only be
With this being said, looking through a conflict theorist point of view white – collar crimes are easily avoided by finically wealthier and secure individuals. White – collar crimes are usually committed by upper class people or people in position of power whereas street crime is committed by lower class citizens. Like strain theory, these crimes are typically committed by opportunity and strain within a person life. However, those in positions of power tend to abuse their authority and because of their position get away with it rather than someone from a lower socioeconomic
E.). There are various costs of white-collar crime, although an accurate measurement is not easy, they are hard to asses as well as very complex. There are enormous financial losses, sometimes physical damage as a result of negligence, as well as social costs: weakened trust in a free economy, confidence loss in political organizations, and destruction of public morality. “White collar crime could also set an example of disobedience for the general public, with citizens who rarely see white-collar offenders prosecuted and sent to prison becoming cynical about the criminal justice system” (Conklin, J. E.). White-collar crime is undeniably a crime and often encompasses elaborate
The forms of bribery and embezzlement have been around longer than dirt. The earliest white-collar crime, that was documented, dates back to the 15th century in England. The law was forced upon society in 1473 in response to embezzlement, or also recognized as the Carrier’s Case. In this situation, a wool representative gave a man his trust in transporting. Unfortunately, the man ended up attempting to steal some of the wool for himself. Although, these terms were known around this time, the concept of the crime wasn’t well understood until around the 20th century ("History of White-Collar Crime”).
White collar and corporate crimes are crimes that many people do not associate with criminal activity. Yet the cost to the country due to corporate and white collar crime far exceeds that of “street” crime and benefit fraud. White collar and corporate crimes refer to crimes that take place within a business or institution and include everything from Tax fraud to health and safety breaches.
Over the past several decades there has been a wide debate about what the correct definition for white collar crime should be, and even today, there is still a lot of confusion regarding the meaning of white collar crime. Currently, the definition of white-collar crime is still hotly contested within the community of experts, and this essay will discuss what is meant by the term white collar crime, as well as its legal standing and its importance in criminology.
White collar crimes do not garner as much media attention as that of violent crimes (Trahan, Marquart, & Mullings 2005). This is an odd fact because white collar crimes cost society much more than violent crimes do (Messner & Rosenfeld 2007). While there are many different definitions for white collar crime, Schoepfer and Piquero describe it as a nonphysical crime that is used to either obtain goods or to prevent goods from being taken (2006). People who commit these crimes are looking for personal or some sort of organizational gain and are being pressured to be economically successful from the idea of the American dream. The authors suggest that there are two types of people who commit crimes, those who have an immense desire for control and those who fear losing all they have worked hard for (Schopfer & Piquero 2006). Both groups have different reasons for turning to crime, but both groups commit the crime to benefit themselves. It was found that higher levels of high school drop outs were directly correlated to levels of embezzlement in white collar crime (2006). Because they are drop outs, they are less likely to be successful legitimately and turn to crime more often than their graduate
White collar crime can be a very complicated topic because of how fairly new it is. Edwin H. Sutherland helped coin the term white collar crime in December 1939, during his presidential address “The White Collar Criminal” (Friedrichs, 2010). Although white collar crimes had been happening throughout most of history, they didn’t get as much attention until more recently. Since white collar crime is still so new, all definitions have been under a lot of scrutiny. The definition that is currently most acknowledged comes from a group of criminologists that got together in a group, to come up with a definition for white collar crime and that would be accepted by the majority. This group defines white collar crimes as:
Crime as we know it, is forever changing in society today. The “colors of crime” provide a limited but, very detailed scope of crimes. Blue, White and Green collar crimes shows us a scope of crime that has existed for centuries but, still thrives to this day.
This Article exhibits that this claim is not accurate in any event not in the ways generally believed (Buell, 2014). Law and routine with regards to condemning, confirmation, and criminal technique cannot powerfully be depicted as privileging the white-collar offender. The substantive criminal law makes charges in white collar cases simpler to bring and harder to argue against than in other cases. Implementation organizations and the political economy in which they exist incorporate highlights that both shelter corporate guilty parties and uplift their exposure to criminal obligation. Corporate performing artists appreciate a vast preferred standpoint in legitimate guard assets in respect to others. That advantage, be that as it may, does not pay off as one may anticipate. A completely created case of benefit can be maintained just by demonstrating that essential American courses of action of criminal law and policing have been
In conclusion, in failing to pass both Kantian and consequentialist formulations, bribery is morally wrong. Pragmatically, long term solutions sanctioning bribery are likely to result in public officials changing their decision making in the absence of bribery, and economic models and research on the whole predicts that the results will be costly in terms of economic efficiency, political legitimacy, and equality.
Fraud and white-collar crime are common forms of crimes that people commit in various aspects and positions in the corporate world. Fraud and white-collar crimes have similar meaning as they refer to the non-violent crimes that people commit with the basic objective of gaining money using illegal means. The cases of white-collar crimes have been increasing exponentially in the 21st century due to the advent of technology because fraudsters apply technological tools in cheating, swindling, embezzling, and defrauding people or organizations. White-collar crime is a complex issue in society because its occurrence is dependent on many factors such as organizational structure, organization culture, and personality traits. Thus, the literature review examines how organizational structure, organizational culture, and personality traits contribute to the occurrence of white-collar crimes.
In present day all around the world, bribery involving the courts are a huge problem. Many people will bribe the judges to persuade the case in many ways. Others just want to have a better case for themselves. Many of the things that happen in bribery is the many elements to why it happens, why people do it, things put in place to solve the solutions, and what people want for later on.
The complexness of the criminal justice system is without doubt caused by the complexness of crime. Crime is outlined as “Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal, or an area jurisdiction, that there's no wrongfully acceptable justification or excuse.”. although several classifications of kinds of crime exist, four classes total up the kinds of crimes committed by most offenders; violent crime, social group, white collar crime and victimless crimes.