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Essay on principles of corporate governance
Essay on principles of corporate governance
Essay on principles of corporate governance
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Issues related to Corporate Governance
The corporation is a legal construct that came about as a way to accumulate and devote capital to, and share risk for large-scale entrepreneurial activities that would be difficult to fund otherwise. Shareholders take the brunt of the risk of their investments and received the leftover profit in the means of share value or dividends. This becomes a key metric for assessing whether the corporation is effective and efficient in its activities. (Holly J. Gregory, 2014)
The theories of corporate governance failures come in two theories in 2015. One is that there is too little active and objective board involvement. The second theory is that there is not enough accountability to shareholders. (Holly J. Gregory, 2014)
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This gives a great importance to their role in society and the use of corporate power and expectation for the board to expand when given the oversight of risk management, compliance and social responsibility.
Boards should impress the importance of communication at every opportunity and is expected and encourage employees to come forward with any questions or concerns to lead the corporation to its success.
My experience with shareholders is sometimes the only priority are the shareholders and how it affects them and the rest of the company feels like they are not a part of it. This can sometimes create discontent in the work force from the top level down if they don’t feel like they may make a contribution to the company and that they are not considered an important part of the organization.
The key focus areas of board oversight is as follows as stated in (Holly J. Gregory, 2014)
• Corporate performance and strategic direction.
• CEO selection, compensation and succession.
• Internal controls, risk oversight and
The oversight responsibilities of the board, the CAE lacking of expertise or broad understanding of financial controls and responsibilities, and the understaffed internal audit functions lacking of independence and direct access to the board of directors contributed to the absence of internal controls. To begin with, the board should be retrained to achieve financial literacy to review financial reporting. Other than attending formal meetings, the board of directors should be more involved with the management. For the Audit Committee, the two members who were recruited as acquaintances to Brennahan need be replaced with experts who are more sufficiently knowledgeable about accounting rules beyond merely “financially literate”. Furthermore, the internal audit functions need to expand with different expertise commensurate with the expanded activities of the organization, testing financial reporting rather than internal controls from an operational perspective. The CAE should be more independent and proactive to execute audit plans, instead of following orders from the CFO, and initiate a direct and efficient communication between internal audit and audit
On one hand, businesses must be profitable to survive and corporations must earn a higher return on the shareholders equity than would be realized if the money were deposited on a no-risk bank account. The profits that are made create trust from investors and are usually reflected in higher stock-prices, which makes it easier to grow the company further towards its goals. The profits are not only a result, but also a source of corporate competitive health and wealth. On the other hand, companies are networks of parties and people working together towards a shared goal and not merely 'economic machines'.
Bibliography: Turnbull, S. (1997). Corporate governance: its scope, concerns and theories. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 5 (4), pp. 180--205.
In contrast , the shareholder theory organisations or organisation's decision-makers only have the responsibility to their shareholders by increasing the organisation profits and should only make the decisions to increase as much as possib...
This report gives the brief overview of the concept of corporate governance, its evolution and its significance in the corporate sector. The report highlights various key issues and concerns that are faced by the organizations while effectively implementing and promoting Corporate Governance.
Solomon, J (2013). Corporate Governance and Accountability. 4th ed. Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. p.7, p9, p10, p15, p58, p60, p253.
The end of 2001 and the start of 2002 saw the end of a period of magnified share prices and booming businesses. All speculations of misrepresentation came to light and those firms which once seem unconquerable were now filing for bankruptcy. Within this essay, I shall discuss the corporate governance mechanisms and failures which led to the Enron scandal resulting in global corporate governance reforms being encouraged.
...eve efficient resource allocation. Failure to achieve appropriate and efficient corporate governance could result in sub-optimal allocation of resources, abuses and theft by management, expropriation of outside shareholders and creditors, financial distress and even bankruptcy. While evaluating the role of corporate governance, it is imperative to also consider the levels of development of market institutions and other legal infrastructure including laws and enforcement that provide good standard for investor protection as well as ownership structures.
A company itself it should pay attention in how a corporation is governed, shareholders must choose directors which are independent from the firm to overview the activities of the managers. Managers can be easily compromised when personal interests are inflicted. The most procuratorial way, an investor can examine a firms performance is by financial reporting, which should not give wrong information and misleading results to shareholders. It is important because this will determine whether the investor will go forward to this transaction. In that range, auditors and analysts are responsible to publish true and fair information of the financial position of the firm. Managements should develop an ethical philosophy in their companies showing which the piles of the company are, where it stands and which the future goals they have are.
Although primary objective for managers is to maximise shareholders’ wealth, but many firms are started to focus on other stakeholders’ interests in recent years. Company can prevent transfer the damage of stakeholders’ wealth to shareholders when focus on stakeholders’ interests. In other words, “social responsibility” for the companies is to maintenance stakeholders’ relations in order to provide long-term interests to shareholders. By this way, conflict, turnover and litigation of stakeholders can be minimise. Obviously, company can achieve their primary objective by cooperation with stakeholders instead of conflict with stakeholders (Smart, Megginson, Gitman, 2002).
...can be an arbiter of business responsibility to society through the application of tax incentives or tax credits. In good corporate governance, the management should be able to meet their social responsibilities, these include making sure that their products are not hazardous to people and to the environment, sharing their profits for the good of the community as a natural person or human being would do, donating to social causes, organizing activities to benefit the community.
The Role of the Directors in a Company is of a paramount importance in the discourse of the proper running of the company. Directors are the spirit of the company .The company is merely a legal entity, governed by its directors. These directors have certain duties and responsibilities. These are mainly governed by the Corporation Act, 2001. Section 198A (1) of The Corporations Act, 2001(The Corporations Act 2001 s 198A (1)), clearly states that, ‘The business of a company is to be managed by or under the direction of the directors’.
K, . N., ER, w., DAVID, K., PAUL, M., WALTER, O., & EVANS, A. (2012). Corporate governance theories and their application to boards of directors: A critical literature review . Prime Journal of Business Administration and Management (BAM), 2(12)(2251-1261), 782-787.
According to Carol Padgett (2012, 1), “companies are important part of our daily lives…in today’s economy, we are bound together through a myriad of relationships with companies”. The board of directors remain the highest echelon of management in any company. It is the “group of executive and non-executive directors which forms corporate strategy and is responsible for monitoring performance on the behalf of shareholders” (Padgett, 2012:1). Boards are clearly critical to the operation of companies and they are endowed with substantial power in the statute (Companies Act, 2014). The board is responsible for directing and steering the company. The board accomplishes this by business planning and risk management through proper corporate governance.
If shareholders do not receive what they believe to be a fair return on their investment they are unlikely to contribute to the future requirements of the company.