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Corporal punishment effects on children
Functions of child rearing practices
Negative effects of corporal punishment
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“Can parenting or child rearing be non-punitive?” Is one of the most common questions that parents ask. If spanking is so effective, why do most people have such an uneasy feeling about it? Some how we cannot silence our inner doubts about the long term effects of physical punishment. We are a little embarrassed by the use of force and we keep saying to ourselves, “”here ought to be a better way of rearing children.” Another reason is, within ourselves, no one wants to be hit.
While hitting releases anger and frustration, and might work in the short-term, what parents really want is for children to be self controlled and disciplined. If long term goals are not addressed, bad behavior will return as soon as the person doing the punishing leaves. Non punitive actions can create well behaved, independent, socially developed children.
Physical punishment is not a constructive method of discipline. It tells the child that you are displeased with what they have done, but it doesn’t tell them how to behave in a way that will be more satisfactory. According to Professor Murray A. Straus “Physical punishment unfortunately is the foundation on which the edifice of family violence rests.” He also states that, “Physical punishment is the way most people first experience violence and it establishes the emotional context of association love with violence.” The child learns early that those who love him or her are also those who hit.
Since physical punishment has been used as a method to train children or to teach them about dangerous things to be avoided, it also establishes the moral rightness of hitting other family members. A further unintended consequence of spanking is the lesson that, when something is really important it justifies the use of physical force.
Lets think for a minute. Haven’t you heard this statement many times, and it has been proven.
“Adults who were abused as children become abusive parents.” If that is so, then adults who were reared with physical force will rear their children with physical force.
The question now at hand is, what is discipline? The word discipline has fallen into ill repute through the years. It had respectable origins in a Latin root which established its connections with education in the dictionary: Training that develops self control, character, or orderliness and efficiency.” Common usage has corrupted the word so that discipline today is used synonymously with punishment, particularly corporal punishment. Now that we have taken a brief look at a few side effects of physical force, the next question is, if
According to McCoskrie (2013), an appropriate smacking does not teach aggressive behaviour. The researchers argue that children who punished are unlikely to antisocial behaviour as long as the child believes their punishment is coming from “a good place” (McCoskrie 2013). Despite this, these claim are incorrect because, young children cannot distinguish whether the punishment is reasonable or not. There are numerous ways that parents can teach and control their children more affectively. As the college estimates that, in fact corporal punishment besides being hurtful and psychologically harmful does not necessarily stop the kids from bad behaviour. It is even more likely child responds back more aggressively (Why smacking should be regarded as a crime
It is obvious the position the author of the article "Spanking children isn’t abusing them" has on this point. The author makes two points about the decision Justin Trudeau made in order to keep a campaign promise. The first point is the approach or steps Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is giving in order to implement one of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) recommendations and in the second point the author brings our attention to section 43 and makes a distinction between spanking (use of reasonable force) and Physical punishment where harsh punishment is inflicted to a child. In this paper I will attempt to make a distinction between reasonable force and beating a child and to explore Section 43 of the
Nadine Block argues that spanking children is not a form of love or compassion, but rather an act of violence and disciplinary spanking should be an outlawed practice. Disciplinary spanking is a different thing than a depressed or angry parent spanking a child to relieve their mood. Spanking a child in order to remove the idea of performing an action known to the child to be unacceptable is something that every parent should do, and is not an act of abuse or violence. When used correctly, spanking children is a highly effective and loving response to unruly behavior, because the child learns how to behave and become an upstanding citizen (Dodson). If a child is not disciplined for improper actions, the child is more likely to develop behavior problems and illnesses such as ADHD, while a child who is properly disciplined is more likely to grow into a better-behaved individual (Shute).
When describing a physical altercation between two adults, the term is assault and battery. Assault on an individual has more than immediate effects; the effects can last a lifetime in severe cases. In all fifty states, it is a crime to hit, strike or use corporal punishment in any deliberate manner towards any person over the age of eighteen. However, this law does not apply to physical force being used on minors. Spanking, whipping, and paddling are among a few common references to this form of punishment. Physically disciplining children has had many names over the years. No matter which term is used, corporal punishment has a negative impact on every party involved. It is a widely used, socially accepted method of discipline. “Approximately 94% of three and four-year old children have been spanked in the past year (Slade & Winssow 1321). Although spanking is a widespread practice, it is becoming more controversial. The negative effects of spanking greatly outweigh the benefits. Spanking is a socially tolerated view promoting abusive patterns, and has a negative psychological impact in teaching children that pain, fear, and confusion promote conformability.
“According to some researchers, our tendency to use violence comes from the fear of death and the need of boosting our self confidence by using its defense mechanism.” This fact stated “onedio.co” may simply be a hoax but surprisingly it is not. The overuse of violence encourages corruption in family and doesn’t settle or divert the dilemma. As a result of violence, it can cause lasting severe damage to close relationships with your loved ones. To illustrate my point, violence is used in several ways to express anger, but it doesn’t particularly solve anything.
Smith states in his introduction “many studies have shown physical punishment — including spanking, hitting and other means of causing pain — can lead to increased aggression, antisocial behavior, physical injury and mental health problems for children.” Throughout the article, many studies show that children do become more aggressive however, there were also studies mentioned that support the use of physical punishment on children between the ages of two and six years old. This does show that his research is thorough however, it still leads to room for error in his broad statement of physical punishment causing harmful effects to
The actions of physical punishment and physical abuse both intend to cause harm to a child, but to different severities; despite the difference in degree of physical harm and in the difference of the definitions of each themselves, it is difficult to state whether there are any actual differences in effects between physical punishment and physical abuse. Although there is variance between the definitions of both physical punishment and physical abuse, the definition typically used for physical punishment developed by Straus (1994) states that it is, “the use of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain but not injury for the purposes of correction or control of the child’s behavior” (Gershoff, 2002, p. 602)., while
Violence within families often reflects behaviours learned by children from their parents. A theory is that violent behaviour is passed down from generation to generation through families (Cole & Flanagin, Pg. 2). The majority of Americans are subjected to corporal punishment at one point or another during their lifetime(Kandel, Pg. 4). Surveys suggested that almost all American parents used physical punishment at one point or another and the punishment was regared as an appropriate child rearing technique. Another survey also suggested that some psychologists belive physical punishment to be an effective and useful socialization tool(Kandel, Pg. 2). Aggression is commonly conceived as existing on a continuum, ranging from very severe parental aggression to much milder and normal parental aggression, such as use of corporal or physical punishment(Kandel, Pg. 1). A common concern is that parental use of physical punishment will lead to aggressive behaviour in children.
The word discipline is defined as imparting knowledge and skill, to teach. Discipline is used by parents to teach their children the correct way to behave. They need to be given constant discipline to be taught right and wrong and it can involve rewards and punishments to teach self control and increase desirable behaviors and decrease undesirable behaviour. Though the purpose of child discipline is to develop desirable behaviour and social habits, the ultimate goal is to create sound judgement and morals so that the child develops and maintains self disciple throughout the rest of their lives.
...E. (2000). Child Outcomes of Nonabusive and Customary Physical Punishment by Parents: An Updated Literature Review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. doi:10.1023/A:1026473020315.
Some people believe that teachers’ using physical punishment is the most effective way to educate students. It is largely because they believe it brings a very quick r...
...tions (PAM) as soil conditioner .PAM is applied to increase soil ventilation and porosity and reduce compaction, dirtiness and water run-off. PAM solutions are applied into irrigation ditches using the patch technique at a concentration of 200 mg /l. When irrigation water comes into contact with Gypsum which we broadcasted into the soil, it dissolves into "Ca2+" and "SO42-" ions that slightly increase the salinity of water while reducing the SAR of the soil. The "Ca2+" cations are free to replace the "Na+" cations, thereby enhancing flocculation, improving soil structure, and increasing water infiltration rate. Frequent quantities of water over 1-2 weeks during summer, and 3-4 weeks during winter are to be added to the furrow to make sure Date Palm does not suffer from water deficiency during different seasons. (Gharaibeh, M. A., Eltaif, N. I., and Albalasmeh, A. A.)
“It hurts and it’s painful inside – it’s like breaking your bones; it’s loud and sore, and it stings; it feels like you’ve been adopted or something and you’re not part of their family; you feel like you don’t like your parents anymore; you feel upset because they are hurting you, and you love them so much, and then all of a sudden they hit you and you feel as though they don’t care about you” (Pritchard 9). These are the feelings of those juveniles who suffer from corporal punishment. Corporal punishment has been one of the main topics of research in Psychology in last few decades. Although people had believed, “Spare the rod and spoil the child” but in the present age of science, research has revealed that the corporal punishment causes more harm to the children instead of having a positive effect on them. According to UNICEF, “Corporal punishment is actually the use of physical measures that causes pain but no wounds, as a means of enforcing discipline” (1). It includes spanking, squeezing, slapping, pushing and hitting by hand or with some other instruments like belts etc. But it is different from physical abuse in which punishment result in wounds and the objective is different from teaching the discipline. Although Corporal punishment is considered to be a mode of teaching discipline and expeditious acquiescence, however, it leads to the disruption of parent-child relationship, poor mental health of juveniles, moral internalization along with their anti-social and aggressive behaviour and it is against the morality of humans.
In other words many do not know how to approach the idea and simply use the methods they grew up with that their own parents’ used, like spanking, hitting, and etc. Caregivers’ that use physical punishment believe that children learn between what is wrong and what is right. Physical punishment is believed to be effective, and is shown by research that it works in short terms. For those who use physical punishments believe in the common saying is,
Most parents and other caregivers do not intend to hurt their children, but the effect on the child defines abuse, not the motivation of the parents or caregiver. Abuse comes in many forms and the statistics prove how alarming the issue is, “Every year there are 3.3 million reports of child abuse involving nearly 6 million children”.(Source F) It is immensely difficult to imagine what would make adult use violence against a child. Parents have the responsibility to nurture, raise, and discipline an offspring. However, the definition of the term discipline is differently interpreted by parents. Children will misbehave and teaching the difference between right and wrong and not resulting to forms of abuse .Some go to extreme measures to discipline a child, thus creating deep physiological problems. Child abuse needs to be prevented and the government should intrude to insure the safety of the children and of future generations.