Journal Article Review:
Microbial Contamination of Contact Lens Storage Cases
Donna Vega
Microbiology 140
Professor Dr. Pepper
October 16, 2014
Microbial Contamination of Contact Lens Storage Cases Contact lenses have become widely known as a great vision corrector for many eyeglass wearers. However, the use of contact lenses can sometimes cause extreme eye infections, such as microbial keratitis, which results in blindness. In the article, “Microbial Contamination of Contact Lens Storage Cases,” scientists are detecting the amount of microbes contained in contact lens storage cases (CLSC) using local tap water and solutions (Üstüntürk, 2012). Furthermore, scientists believe that incorrect rinsing and storing of contact lenses using saline solutions or local tap water will develop contamination (Üstüntürk, 2012).
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Upon investigation, participants brought their own contact lens cases composed of a solution and a sample of their local tap water. Scientists also asked each person questions, regarding their contact lens history and method of disinfection. Upon laboratory experiments, scientists transferred the saline solution in each CLSC and tap water sample into centrifuge tubes. From the sides of the containers, they used cotton swabs to swipe samples of its contaminants (Üstüntürk, 2012). These samples were then fixed onto agar plates to test for fungal, amoebal, or bacterial contaminations, such as total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), Gram negatives, and
The first day an unknown sample was assigned to each group of students. The first test applied was a gram stain to test for gram positive or gram-negative bacteria. The morphology of the two types of bacteria was viewed under the microscope and recorded. Then the sample was put on agar plates using the quadrant streak method for isolation. There were three agar plates; one was incubated at room temperature, the second at 30 degrees Celsius, and the third at 37 degrees Celsius. By placing each plate at a different temperature optimal growth temperature can be predicted for both species of bacteria.
They can be found anywhere and identifying them becomes crucial to understanding their characteristics and their effects on other living things, especially humans. Biochemical testing helps us identify the microorganism present with great accuracy. The tests used in this experiment are rudimentary but are fundamental starting points for tests used in medical labs and helps students attain a better understanding of how tests are conducted in a real lab setting. The first step in this process is to use gram-staining technique to narrow down the unknown bacteria into one of the two big domains; gram-negative and gram-positive. Once the gram type is identified, biochemical tests are conducted to narrow down the specific bacterial species.
Comment on class result with respect to differences in filter types, differences in filter assemblies, and overall on the confidence you would have in using this type of sterilisation process in preparation of pharmaceutical products. List the factors that may cause contamination during filtration. (20 marks)
This paper discusses the development and history of Microbiology and its impact on human health over time. This includes an examination of historical events that led to the development of techniques and procedures used for the handling of microorganisms, and
It is imperative that domestic water provided for direct consumption and ingestion through food must be sanitary. Scientific research indicates that as many as 19 million Americans may become ill each year due to parasites, viruses a...
Major efforts have been taken to protect the health of humans from contaminated water during recreation, especially swimming. For many years, waters have been tested for certain types of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) – bacteria commonly found in human and animal feces. While FIB generally do not cause human disease, FIB in the water may indicate the presence of feces and associated pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and protozoans – organisms and agents which have also been found ...
Three Medical Doctors wrote the book, The Water We Drink: Water Quality and Its Effects on Health. Their names are Joshua I. Barzilay, M.D., Winkler G. Weinberg, M.D., and J. William Eley, M.D. In order to put the issue of drinking water quality and its effects on health into perspective, the book is divided into three parts. It first reviews the history of water, disease, and sanitation. The next section deals with health issues. At the conclusion of the book are chapters regarding bottled water and methods of purification. The intent of the book is to educate consumers.
The invention of the bifocals was one of the most important inventions of the 1700s. They have changed the lives of both children and adults that have issues with their eyesight. They rid people of eyestrain and headaches. Also, bifocals rid people of the inconvenience caused by having to shift from one pair of glasses to the other. Bifocals also allowed for more types of glasses to be developed.
Molinari, J., & Hart, J. (2010). How to Choose and Use Environmental Surface Disinfectants. Cottone's Practical Infection Control in Dentistry (Third Edition ed., pp. 185- 193). Philadelphia: Wolters Kumar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
There were three bacteria that were studied during this experiment. Staphylococcus is a type of bacteria that is often found on the body of human beings and animals. It is found on the skin and hair as well as in the noses and throats. Staphylococcus can cause food poisoning when it is exposed to food and contaminated because the food is not properly refrigerated. (Food Safety) These bacteria are Gram-positive with a spherical shape that often group into clusters, much like grapes. (Bacteriology) The only way to kill these bacteria is by cooking and pasteurization. Bacillus cereus is a type of bacteria that produces toxins that can cause two types of illnesses. One type causes diarrhea and the other causes nausea and vomiting. These bacteria are found in foods and multiple rapidly at room temperature. (Food Safety) Bacillus cereus is also Gram-positive and is rod-shaped and very large. It can spread easily to many types of foods such as plants, eggs, meats, and dairy products. (MicrobeWiki) Escherichia coli is bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract and are able to produce a toxin that can produce serious infections. This bacterium can be acquired by consuming contaminated food or water. (European Centre) E. coli is often used to help your body break down and digest certain foods. It becomes dangerous when the bacteria go from the intestines into the blood. (Kids Health) Escherichia coli, unlike any other bacteria that was studied, is Gram-negative. It is also rod shaped and is about average size. (Mansfield)
daily practice of washing their bacteria laden hands in water intended for a batch of
When the contact lens was invented, the world of vision correction was altered forever. No longer were those people lacking perfect 20/20 vision forced to look any different than everyone else. Both discrete and revolutionary, the contact lens provided a brand new, viable, alternate solution to an age-old problem. After centuries of engineering and discovery the contact lens has evolved greatly. Presently contact lenses are made hard or soft, for daily or continuous wear, gas permeable, and even providing ultraviolet protection. A properly fitted pair of today’s discrete, convenient, versatile, and inexpensive contact lenses provide the best form of vision correction available in today’s market.
Amazon.com, as an e-commerce website has emerged as a leader in the e-business world. Originally, the company began as a website that sold books at discount prices, now Amazon.com has evolved into a marketplace for the world. Jeff Bezos, the founder and CEO, has changed the business model of the company many times. He is focused on expanding the selection of goods and services offered on the website, in an attempt to please customers. However, he is having trouble managing the priorities of his gigantic company, he should give the existing categories priority and worry about expansion at a later time.
Minear, R., Amy, G.. Water Disinfection and Natural Organic Matter: History and Overview. ACS Symposium Series. 1996, 649, 1-9.
Due to its effectiveness, professionals in the clinical field have put trust in TCS in antibacterial soaps to fend off microbes from spreading among patients in clinical workers. A study by Jones, Jampani and Lee (2000), shows that the transmission of nosocomial pathogens – pathogens that are easily spread in clinical environment – could be reduced and controlled thanks to the existence of TCS in antibacterial soaps (p. 190). Its efficiency in reducing pathogens spreading via human contact has been well known in healthcare settings, making it less likely to cause any harm if be used in community settings. One of the intrinsic properties of TCS is its inhibitory effect towards bacterial activity. According to McMurry et. al, TCS in antibacterial soaps has a property that inhibits the enzymatic activity of bacteria in reducing fatty acids (as cited in Glasier, p. 13, 2004). Fatty acids, based on the study, essential as building blocks and growth of the bacteria, could be inhibited by TCS. This property is significant in differentiating antibacterial soaps and conventional soaps, putting antibacterial soaps in a better position than conventional soaps as an agent for hygiene and cleanliness