Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Literature review of marketing mix
Literature review of marketing mix
Influences on consumer behavior
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Literature review of marketing mix
Consumer Buying Behavior
Buying Behavior is the decision processes and acts of people involved in buying and using products (Kengthon, 2011).
Need to understand:
• Why consumers make the purchases that they make?
• What factors influence consumer purchases?
• The changing factors in our society.
Consumer Buying Behavior refers to the buying behavior of the ultimate consumer (Kengthon, 2011). A firm needs to analyze buying behavior for:
• Buyer’s reactions to a firms marketing strategy has a great impact on the firm’s success.
• The marketing concept stresses that a firm should create a Marketing Mix that satisfies (gives utility to) customers, therefore need to analyze the what, where, when and how consumers buy.
• Marketers can better predict
Examples include soft drinks, snack foods, milk etc.
• Limited Decision Making- buying product occasionally. When you need to obtain information about unfamiliar brand in a familiar product category, perhaps. Requires a moderate amount of time for information gathering. Examples include Clothes--know product class but not the brand.
• Extensive Decision Making/Complex high involvement, unfamiliar, expensive and/or infrequently bought products. High degree of economic/performance/psychological risk. Examples include cars, homes, computers, education. Spend alot of time seeking information and deciding.
Information from the companies MM; friends and relatives, store personnel etc. Go through all six stages of the buying process.
• Impulse buying, no conscious planning.
The purchase of the same product does not always provoke the same Buying Behavior. Product can shift from one class to the next.
For
Actual purchasing is only one stage of the process. Not all decision processes lead to a purchase. All consumer decisions do not always include all 6 stages, determined by the degree of complexity ( Bennett, 1976) as discussed below.
The 6 stages are:
1. Problem Recognition (awareness of need)--difference between the desired state and the actual condition. Deficit in assortment of products. Hunger--Food. Hunger stimulates your need to eat.
Can be stimulated by the marketer through product information--did not know you were deficient? I.E., see a commercial for a new pair of shoes, stimulates your recognition that you need a new pair of shoes.
2. Information search-- o Internal search, memory. o External search if you need more information. Friends and relatives (word of mouth). Marketer dominated sources; comparison shopping; public sources etc.
A successful information search leaves a buyer with possible alternatives, the evoked set.
Hungry, want to go out and eat, evoked set is o Chinese food o Indian food o Burger king o Klondike kates
Consumer behavior is the ways that consumers exhibit in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing of, products and services. The study of consumer behavior as a separate marketing discipline all started when marketers realized that consumers did not always react as marketing theory suggested they would (Ekström, 2003). Many consumers rebel at using the identical products that everyone else used, instead they prefer differentiated products that they feel reflect their own special needs, personality and lifestyles.
The consumer decision process consists of these six steps. First, problem recognition: Awareness of an unmet need. Second, information search: Search for alternatives that will meet your needs. Third, alternative evaluation: Evaluate the alternatives. Forth, purchase decision: Decide on the best alternative for you based on your criteria. Fifth, post-purchase behavior: Determine if you are satisfied with your choice. Sixth, disposal of product: Determine if you will keep it, upgrade it, or get rid of
There are 5 stages that consisted in the buyer decision process of a traditional Porsche customer such as need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and postpurchase behavior.
With the current market conditions, it is “immensely” vital to be able to make the right decisions while managing a much precious resource “our money’. Thousands of sellers/suppliers are solely focusing their marketing and sales efforts to be everywhere a person goes, and mainly online through social media. Wants which were never thought of are emerging and new products and services are available at a glance every second, and thus, “informed decisions” are a must. Through social media, consumers are now tempted to desire products and services they do not need, but they can hardly resist that because it is simply there every time they scroll down their news feed of their Instagram or
Customers tend to spend less time on item’s they buy every day or week unlike big ticket items like appliances. Customers spend a longer decision making process when spending a substantial amount of money as they compare features, quality, brands etc. During my observation, the customers were spending a substantial amount of time in the big ticket aisles and engaging the store service men and women before making the decision to purchase the item. Some of the customers I spoke to mentioned they visited other stores, researched and talked to family and friends
From buying a hamburger to buying a house people use a process in order to make a decision on what to buy. (book cite) describes this as the consumer decision process (pg.175). Utilizing a consumer decision process model, marketers are able to better understand how consumers are purchasing products and services. The five step consumer decision process model includes need recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase, and post purchase. Not all purchases require following all five steps to a T, but consumers, whether they know it or not, follow a version of this model when making a purchase. Companies also use this model in order to effectively market their products and services. A company
Consumer Behavior is the choice techniques and demonstrations of individuals included in purchasing and utilizing products. Consumer Buying Behavior refers to the consumer behavior of a definitive purchaser. A firm needs to investigate consumer behavior for:
Busy people with time constraints in shopping will prefer limited choices because too many choices will take too much time to choose a product.
Consumer Decision Making Process A key factor in successfully marketing new/existing products or implementing a product Extension is a thorough understanding of the motivation, learning, memory, and decision Processes that influence consumers purchasing behavior. Consumer purchasing behavior theories have found their way into managerial decision making to help companies more effectively develop and launch new products, segment the market, determine market entrance and in brand management. Therefore, a better understanding of how consumers decide what to purchase is critical to the success of a product. There are numerous theories and models describing the consumer purchasing decision process.
These benefits result from intensive target market research and involving the consumer’s input into product design. Consumer feedback can help a firm identify new product opportunities or improve existing ones. Being more receptive to consumer preferences help create and maintain satisfied customers. Furthermore, satisfied customers increase a firm’s brand name and attract new customers by spreading positive publicity. The marketing concept is essential for a firm’s survival since it establishes lasting relationships with the right customers based on the foundation of customer value satisfaction (Keelson,
...nomically, consumers like to feel that they are getting an adequate amount of “bang for their buck,” or that the quality of the product matches or exceeds the amount at which it is priced. With the way the economy has been in the past 15 years, many people will jump at a good deal. Companies look at the sociology of their consumers also. They take into consideration things like gender, ethnicity, religion, culture, and age. These variables help the business to understand their target market and modify to fit the needs of those buyers. Psychologically companies will look at things like self-image, prestige, lifestyle and even food preferences. Behaviorism is everything that the consumer does, thinks, or feels. Companies will try to take these behaviors into consideration when creating their products, but it can be difficult because behaviors are so individual.
The consumer purchasing cycle involves awareness for the need for a product, a search for information about the product category, evaluation of the products available, a decision to purchase a specific item and then post-purchase interactions (such as interactions with customer service). In a company setting, a purchasing cycle is established by a purchasing department and may include steps like obtaining approval for a purchase, completing purchase requisition paperwork, soliciting bids, issuing a purchase order, receiving and inspecting the item, adding it to an inventory and paying vendor invoices.
Consumer behaviour is defined as the behaviour that consumers undertake in seeking, purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their personal needs (Nayeem 2012). Different consumer may have different choices in purchase that is dependent on various influences. High involvement purchase sets the best example of engaging in consumer behaviour in various aspects as complex buying behaviour occurs when the consumer is highly involved with the purchase and when there are significant differences between brands. This behaviour can be associated with the purchase of a something significant in value and meaning to consumer which could be risky (Tanner 2012). High involvement purchase could be deduced from both emotional and rational perspective. Evidently, there are various dimensions and avenues to high involvement purchase and thus this essay to focus on that.This essay will analyse the behaviour of a consumer who is an international Chinese student who is involved in a high involvement purchase of Chinese New Year gifts. Meanwhile, the influences of purchase situation, decision making process, internal & external influences on the student’s selection between different brands of lanolin cream will also be further analyzed in this essay.
Consumer behavior eventually leads to the decision or choice between alternatives. In most cases it is a decision whether to purchase, consume or use a service. The process of this decision making is rather complex and it is influenced by, other than the price factor, the psychology of the consumers, their socio-cultural environment & the past experiences. The consumer decision making can be modelled as a system operating with an Input or stimuli, the actual decision making Process which then results in a reaction or Output (Schiffman. L.G, Kanuk. L)
While researchers can determine consumer behavior quite easily, it is almost impossible to get accurate and reliable data on why people buy what they do. How in the world can we figure out why consumers make the decisions in purchases they make, when we can only predict motives? Well, everything tends to be linked to a psychological trait that can help define the behavior of consumers.