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Importance of Psychology to business organisations
Research proposal brand loyalty
Research proposal brand loyalty
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ABSTRACT
Under globalization and rising competitiveness, it is becoming harder to affect a consumer’s attitude towards a product or brand, thus, there is a need to search for means of alternative influences. The aim of this report is to prove the relationship of a product and consumer attitude from the emotional perspective, applying the example of PEPSI, a cola brand. Consumers always find it difficult to explain why they believe some brands suggest strong negative feelings or why they are more attracted to one brand instead of another. Studies have proven that definite emotions towards certain products are usual to consumers and this can also be the reasons why they select a particular brand, along with the price of that brand as well as
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3.3 Attitude is achieved.
Being born, a person does not have attitude because it forms as a result of available direct or indirect experience. This means that attitude within the context of consumer behaviour forms as a result of direct experience with a particular good or is achieved during a verbal communication with other consumer or through the means of mass media, internet and various tools of direct marketing.
3.4 Attitude possesses its own motivation.
Attitude could encourage particular consumer behaviour or deter from certain actions. Solomon et al. (2002) argue that attitudes exist simply because they perform a particular function to a person which means they are determined by motives of an individual.
3.5 Attitude is relatively permanent.
Schiffman and Kanuk (2004) state that attitude could be regarded as permanent if consumer behaviour matches up with consumer attitude. In other words, consumer is expected to behave in such a way, which is coherent to his view or attitude expressed.
3.6 Attitude is favourable or
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From consumer perspective this is a decision to prefer one thing to another. Attitude is an inclination to react to stimuli (Mellott, 1983).
3.8 Attitude degree.
This quality determines how much a person likes or dislikes a particular object or their group (Engel and Blackwell, 1998). It indicates the fact that there are different levels of positive and negative attitude.
3.9 Attitude intensity. is a reliability level of an opinion about an object or how much a person is convinced in his righteousness (Rice, 1997). Consumers are extremely sure of one attitudes and weakly sure of other. An attitude marked by a bigger conviction is steadier. Due to close relationship, the extent and intensity of attitude might be regarded as one feature, meaning that they are not synonyms.
3.10 Permanence of attitude is conditioned by resistance.
Resistance is a degree of attitude stability, which shows how attitude is influenced by environmental changes (Rice, 1997). Some attitudes have a high degree of resistance and are well protected from external influence, while other may depend on external
This is what an example of a consumerist attitude looks like. The idea of consumerism, put simply, is to get more bang for your buck.
In conclusion, Old Spice uses classical conditioning to influence consumers’ attitude by having conditioned and unconditioned responses and stimulus. They campaign their products really well and get outstanding response and comments from all over the world. Old Spice also use many type of communication source that are involved in influencing the growth of the product. Social Media plays a huge role in advertising the product and putting on a campaign. Consumer’s attitude towards Old Spice was reflected on the comments they post. The elaboration likelihood model also proposes the more global view that consumer attitudes are changed by the central and peripheral. People who are up for trying the product are most likely central route.
Webster's dictionary defines consumerism as "the economic theory that a progressively greater consumption of goods is beneficial." today we are surrounded by a culture of things and possessions:a materialistic world.consumption of materialistic goods has encroached upon every sphere of our lives and we don't even realise it.at first products had a value of necessity in our lives.but now they are sign of choice, social status and identification.the more we advance technologically and socialy the more we need products to keep up with the times.but do people really need all the things they buy?consumerism today is all about people feeling the need to buy more and more material goods to attain some sort of satisfaction.
According to Haddock & Maio (2004), “The Attitude conception has long formed an essential paradigm in social psychology”. Asch (1940) argued that the main route “in influence is not change in attitudes toward an individual but rather change in the definition and meaning of the individual” (Wood, 2000). Many people have the same feeling when it comes to questions related to the death penalty, prayer in schools, violence on television regulation, and political issues.
“Just as emotions provide valuable information to the self, emotional expressions provide information to observers, which may influence their cognitions, attitudes, and behavior” (Van Kleef, Heerdink, and Van Den Berg, p. 2, 2014). A positive feature of attitudes is that they are subject to change over time. According to Van Kleef, Heerdink, and Van Den Berg (p. 2), “We define attitudes as temporary evaluations that are constructed based on a combination of stored representations of an attitude object and information that is currently at hand. This working definition explicitly allows for changes in attitudes over time while acknowledging that certain attitudes have a relatively stable basis in a person’s memory system” (2014). This conceptual definition of attitudes and attitude change is that though attitudes can change based on new information or a different emotional reaction, they can also stay the same or relatively similar to their primary state. Overall, the information that individuals perceive through emotions can influence their attitudes, which can then alter their attitudes towards certain
This essay will examine the strength of the link between attitudes and behaviour and show that attitudes do not always predict behaviour as there are a number of variables that need to be put in place before the evaluation of a person behaving according to their attitudes can be assessed. These variables will be discussed in some detail. The three component model will be discussed and also attitude formation will be touched upon, before the link between behaviour and attitude can be examined a general understanding of how and why attitudes are formed needs to be addressed.
Heath (2011) believes that “… it is emotional advertising that is most effective at building strong brands” (Heath, 2011, p. 120). Using relevant research and current examples of advertisements over the last few years, this essay will aim critically assess and investigate in to what the most effective method should be used in order to build a strong brand. Firstly, it is important to discover what the consumer behaviours are in relation advertisements, what factors are included in building a strong brand and why it is important to establish this in order to communicate effectively with the brands target market. There are many debates about what is the most effective strategy used in advertisements whether it would be emotional or rational ideas.
... of consumer behaviour, lays emphasis on the objectivity of science and the consumer as a reasonable and sensible decision maker. While, the interpretive point of view is in contrast to that of the positivist, in that it emphasises on the importance of the subjective meaning of the consumers individual experience, hence, it suggest that whichever behaviour a consumer performs is subject to diverse interpretations to a certain extent than just a single explanation to it.
Therefore, in order to predict how consumers will react to a message, we must correlate behavior with share of mind.
Consumers with brand loyalty are indifferent with too many choices in shopping as they tend to ignore other brands and chooses product from their preferred brand.
Every company wants to understand why people decide to buy its products or others. Firstly, we have to understand why people buy certain kind of product. People buy products because they need them. A need is activated and felt when there is a sufficient discrepancy between a desired or preferred state of being and the actual state. (Engle£¬Blackwell and Miniard. 1995. p407 ) For example, when you feel hungry, what you needs is some food. It is very important for marketer to understand the needs of consumers. All the consumers may have the same needs, but the ways which they satisfy what they need are different. Here is a example, Chinese people would choose rice when they feel hungry, whilst British people may choose bread to satisfy their needs.
Attitude is a learned behavior that can be changed based on the individuals choice and wiliness to change. The Webster’s New World Dictionary defines attitude in three different ways; first is a bodily posture showing mood or action, second is a manner showing one’s feeling or thoughts and third is one’s disposition. In General Attitudes are the feelings and thoughts you have about yourself and how you interact with other people. Attitude plays apart of everything in society’s life, from taking your first steps, going to high school, choosing a college, getting a job and choosing a mate. If attitude makes us who we are, gives us our character, then the question I purpose to you is, can you really get an “attitude adjustment” or is our attitude defined at birth?
4. Research shows that consumer behavior is clearly influenced by self-concept, the way a person feels and thinks about himself or herself.
The "major characteristics that distinguish attitude from other concepts are its evaluative or affective nature".
Attitudes help us define how we see situations, as well as define how we behave toward the situation or object. As illustrated in the tri- component model, attitudes include feelings, thoughts, and actions. Attitudes may simply be an enduring evaluation of a person or object, or other emotional reactions to objects and to people. Attitudes also provide us with internal cognitions or beliefs and thoughts about people and objects. Attitudes cause us to behave in a particular way toward an object or person. Although the feeling and belief components of attitudes are internal to a person, we can view a person’s attitude from his or her resulting behavior.