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Ethical dilemmas with euthanasia
Ethical issues raised by euthanasia
Ethical dilemmas with euthanasia
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1. The wedge principle warns against undertaking certain actions because it will open the door for larger undesirable actions—when the wedge is in place, the object can be more easily moved. It is also called the camel’s nose principle on observation that the moment the camel’s nose gets inside the tent, the rest of the body will follow. In healthcare, many disagree about the use of euthanasia, even with consent from patients and their family. When allowed, euthanasia can lead to more severe actions that will significantly hurt the people involved. Ethical mistakes tend to replicate themselves (Baylis 21). One minor mistake can lead to another.
2. Therapeutic privilege is that which permits a provider to withhold information from a patient when he feels that disclosure of such information will affect the patient psychologically. The said privilege also applies to avoid having a patient refuse a medical procedure which the doctor believes is in his best interest. Patients have a right to information about their health and treatment. However, a doctor may be compelled to not tell everything to a patient if
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Consequentialism is a principle suggesting that the morality of an action is based on its consequences. The end justifies the means, hence an action that produced good results in the end can be considered as ethical. The theory helps provide an empirical solution to many ethical issues in healthcare. Some medical professionals see the morality in making decisions based on the weighted benefits and harms of a procedure to the patient. Deontologism, on the other hand, contends that an act is morally good only if it is good in itself. The theory holds that some acts are morally obligatory regardless of their effects to the entities concerned. An action should be consistent with the universal law in that it should be right from every angle. White lies, for instance, are still lies and, therefore, are wrong no matter if they are done with a good intention in
Kai Nielsen defended consequentialism and showed how it can still agree with commonsense, deontological convictions in his article “Traditional Morality and Utilitarianism.” His article focused on closing the gulf between consequentialism and deontology by showing how closely they can agree, and he further evaluated the systems and found that consequentialism as he sees it should be practiced is morally superior to traditional deontology. First, this essay will explain his argument that consequentialism squares with the commonsense convictions of deontology, and second, it will show how Nielsen arrived at the conclusion that consequentialism is a good moral system while deontology is faulty.
A basic definition of confidentiality is that information about a patient is not discussed openly (Edge and Groves, 2007). This ethical principle became an issue when the government gave medical facilities lists of people who were in the study. Again, the patients were not informed that they would not be able to
Consequentialism is a term used by the philosophers to simplify what is right and what is wrong. Consequentialist ethical theory suggests that right and wrong are the consequences of our actions. It is only the consequences that determine whether our actions are right or wrong. Standard consequentialism is a form of consequentialism that is discussed the most. It states that “the morally right action for an agent to perform is the one that has the best consequences or that results in the most good.” It means that an action is morally correct if it has little to no negative consequences, or the one that has the most positive results.
In the case of Cassandra C, she is faced with a curable cancer, Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Without treatment this cancer is deadly, surely killing her if she does not seek said treatment. This is where the dilemma of the Cassandra C case begins, she deems the treatment, chemotherapy, as poisonous to the body and refuses to do the treatment. The court overrules her negligence and she is forced to undergo chemotherapy. With that said, I am going to give the correct course of action regarding the perspective of utilitarianism and how non-consequentialism fails in this specific case.
Truth in medicine is a big discussion among many medical professionals about how doctors handle the truth. Truth to a patient can be presented in many ways and different doctors have different ways of handling it. Many often believe that patient’s being fully aware of their health; such as a bad diagnosis, could lead to depression compared to not knowing the diagnosis. In today’s society doctor’s are expected to deliver patient’s the whole truth in order for patients to actively make their own health decisions. Shelly K. Schwartz discusses the truth in her essay, Is It Ever Ok to Lie to Patients?. Schwartz argument is that patients should be told the truth about their health and presented and addressed in a way most comfortable to the patient.
Without patient confidentiality, patients would not be willing to tell about themselves or their family member for fear of it getting out (tTelegraph). If they were asked
To make good nursing decisions, nurses require an internal roadmap with knowledge of nursing theories. Nursing theories, models, and frameworks play a significant role in nursing, and they are created to focus on meeting the client’s needs for nursing care. According to McEwen and Wills (2014), conceptual models and theories could create mechanisms, guide nurses to communicate better, and provide a “systematic means of collecting data to describe, explain, and predict” about nursing and its practice (p. 25). Most of the theories have some common concepts; others may differ from one theory to other. This paper will evaluate two nursing theorists’ main theories include Sister Callista Roy’s
Consequentialism is an ethical perspective that primarily focuses upon the consequences resulting from an action and aims to eliminate the negative consequences. Within this framework there are three sub-categories: Egoism, Altruism and Utilitarianism.
The following essay is a reflective paper on an event that I encountered as a student nurse during my first clinical placement in my first year of study. The event took place in a long term facility. This reflection is about the patient whom I will call Mrs. D. to protect her confidentiality. Throughout this essay I will be using LEARN model of reflection. I have decided to reflect on the event described in this essay since I believe that it highlights the need for nurses to have effective vital signs ‘assessment skills especially when treating older patients with complex medical diagnoses.
Disclosure of pertinent medical facts and alternative course of treatment should not be overlooked by the physician in the decision making process. This is very important information impacting whether that patient will go along with the recommended treatment. The right to informed consent did not become a judicial issue ...
Utilitarianism, the theory of ethics which judges actions in condition of the consequences. If the consequences are good, then the actions are also good. If the consequences are not good, then the actions are also judge as not being good. Goodness is in deflect judged in condition of the amount of happiness a behavior show. It could be argue that from a utilitarian peculiarity of inspection, the consequences of staying brisk may likely lead to the factor performing more Acts of the Apostles that increase the general happiness.
According Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2015), the consequentialists make an analysis based in the cost-benefit of an action’s consequences. It means that consequentialists would ask the question related to the ethical dilemma: what is the benefit of abortion? A consequentialist may find different reasons to affirm abortion as the best choice arguing the benefit of it in the case of a single Mother who may continue her studies at college if decides abortion for example, or would affirm abortion as the best choice arguing the benefit of having one less person to increase the population. But also, the consequentialist may consider on the other hand the high psychological, physical, and emotional cost that aborting brings to the Mother who opts for it. The consequentialist would exercise in the former examples and stands the
This idea allows for justice to be measured by an equation, each person’s share of something must be justified by some relevant difference, making the equation equal. Each person should receive exactly what is proportional to what they put in. If you work an hour longer than someone then you should receive pay for one more hour. This is equal because you are being compensated exactly for the work you put in and the other person is not shorted in any way because they did not work that extra hour therefore should not receive the extra pay. This theory allows for impartiality when making a decision, it is not based on justice because of your moral character or consequence of your action it is based on equal justice for all based
An example of an ethical dilemma is also cited in which the discussed theory is applicable. CONTENT The word consequentialism is defined according to Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy as, “taking an action is said to be morally right when the consequences of such an action taken is more favorable than unfavorable”. Consequentialist Theory is base on this perception of the school of thought, in which consideration is given to the end results of any action to be taken in a given situation
The sixth ethical issue arises when the client is denied access to his medical chart. Currently, HIPPA (2006) grants clients access to their medical records. An exception to this is if the information contained within the medical records is “reasonably likely” to cause harm to the client (HIPPA, 2006; APA, 2002). The records were unlikely to cause harm to the patient and, therefore, the client should have had access to them.