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The Effect Of The First World War
Stalin's five year plans from 1900 to 1940
The Effect Of The First World War
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After “The Great War” (this will be referred to as World War I after World War II happens), the world will see the emergence of different political movements within certain countries. Two main political movements that will play a role in future world events will be fascism and communism. These two movements will look different from each other obviously but also will look different depending on what country in terms of fascism and communism. However, even with certain interpretations differing in each country the political movements will still have the same basic principles no matter what country. To better understand both Communism and Fascism try comparing them to Democracy. Democracy argues that your individual liberties matter and tends …show more content…
After Lenin gains control he creates his “NEW Economic Policy”, his goal with this would be to industrialize and modernize Russia as quickly as possible. He is successful in doing things such as, electrification of Russia, because of nationalization or the process of private own industries being taken over by the state. After Lenin dies in 1925 and after the exile of Trotsky, the person that Lenin wanted to take over the communist party, he will be exiled due to the communist party thinking Trotsky was a traitor. Another person (who was the one who convinced the communist party that Lenin’s successor was a “traitor”) by the name of Josef Stalin will become the leader of the communist party and Russia. Then in 1929, Stalin will introduce his “First Five-year plan”. Stalin wanted Russia to compete with the most industrialized countries in the world at this time. His goal was to modernize Russia so he uses the policy of urbanization (moving people from the rural farm areas to the city). He does not do this by asking them to move, Stalin will force over 31 million peasants to the cities while leaving some peasants on farms to continue producing crops. Then Stalin will focus on industrialization. …show more content…
Communism and Fascism will both use some type of control of the people to get others to submit to their ideology and to submit to their rule. Democracy will take a different approach; if one was to look at the United States during the time prior to WWII, you will see colonization in a new form consider neo-colonization. This is where the United States will go from using military presence in other countries to impose imperialism to pulling back the military and using a financial approach with policies such as “Good Neighbor Policy”. An example of neocolonialism in Latin American would be the “sweet heart treaties” which would guarantee financial security in Haiti and St. Dominica. The United States in the early 1930’s will send US marines to Haiti to train Haitian police officers, in hopes that it would one produce a better-trained police force and two this would better prepare Haiti to be ready to defend if war was to break out again. Then after WWII around 1948, the US starts to realize to capitalize and democratize the world that it would need to invest. The United States using the Marshal Plan to try and spread Democracy. The Marshall Plan in basic terms was a way for the United States to give financial support to countries that claimed and proved they were Democratic. An example would be in West Germany, where the
During the 20th century, the rise of communism sparked rage in people throughout the world. More towards the end of the 1900's the fall of communism and dictatorships was just the beginning of what would eventually be a large democratic change for several countries. 1989: Democratic Revolutions at the Cold War's End, speaks about the change brought to several different countries from the 1980's-1990's and plans to show "the global transformations that marked the end of the cold war and shaped the era in which we live"(Pg V). During the cold war, communist had power and control over a large area and spread communism throughout several continents. This book specifically hits on six different studies of where communism and dictatorship affected these areas and what they did to stop it. Poland, Philippines, Chile, South Africa, Ukraine, and China throughout the end of the 20th century created revolutionary movements which brought them all one step closer to freeing themselves and creating democratic change.
In order to establish whether Lenin did, indeed lay the foundation for Stalinism, two questions need to be answered; what were Lenin’s plans for the future of Russia and what exactly gave rise to Stalinism? Official Soviet historians of the time at which Stalin was in power would have argued that each one answers the other. Similarly, Western historians saw Lenin as an important figure in the establishment of Stalin’s socialist state. This can be partly attributed to the prevailing current of pro-Stalin anti-Hitler sentiments amongst westerners until the outbreak of the cold war.
Moving forward from the Industrial Revolutions, the course emphasized World War I, as a truly world-redefining war. Stromberg may argue that the First World War was devastating and then arbitrarily move on to the next period in history, which was the rise of Communism and Fascism, but through the lecture we see the connection. “Communism and Fascism were the two big movements out of WWI” (6/1). As the lecture explains, World War I produced many extremist ideas, and the reason for these extremist ideas was the problems the world identified inherently from the conditions it was left in after the war. The role of communism and fascism did not end here though, its impact continued until after the Second World War and led to giving fuel to decolonization. In isolation, we may treat the two wars as having impact on each nation individually, the truth is far from that, and many nations leaned on common ideas in order to decolonize. “Class, religion and race were all forms of identity that transcended national borders, and movements of national independence drew from international movements” (6/3). The highlighted idea being “international movements. From this we understand that the big story was that imperially ruled nations wanted to decolonize and start anew as independent world. The big story, is not, as Stromberg may have us believe that each nation, in isolation, worked on
Joseph Stalin became leader of the USSR after Lenin’s death in 1924. Lenin had a government of abstemious communist government. When Stalin came into government he moved to a radical communist society. He moved away from the somewhat capitalist/communist economy of Lenin time to “modernize” the USSR. He wanted to industrialize and modernize USSR. He had overworked his workers, his people were dying, and most of them in slave labor camps. In fact by doing this Stalin had hindered the USSR and put them even farther back in time.
Stalin’s leadership of the Soviet Union can be best described as a period of terror and censorship. In other words, he was very strict, considering the fact that he created the totalitarian government. In order to create this type of government, Stalin used fear and propaganda. He took part in The Great Purge, which was a campaign of terror that was supposed to eliminate anyone who threatened Stalin’s power. He also relied on secret police, who would arrest and execute any traitors. The online blog, “The Reasons For the Failure of The Russian Revolution”, brings up information on how Stalin planned to rule as dictator of Russia. It has been noted, “This ‘reshaping’ had three main aspects: the elimination of all dissent; the liquidation of all forms of democracy and of working class organisation; the slashing of the living standards of the working class and the physical annihilation of millions of peasants” (Text 5). This quote explains how Stalin wanted to industrialize Russia, which includes the deaths of several peasants of Russia. The Russians did not just die from The Great Purge, but also from Stalin’s Five-Year Plan. The Five-Year Plan was an attempt to industrialize the Soviet Union. It was also a plan for increasing the output of steel, coal, oil, and electricity. He had control over economic resources, including farms and
Actually, there is no clearly define about what is fascism, but it could be considered as militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to the leader. It based on the principles of Authoritarianism – government tried to organize and control with strong discipline as much as possible in people's lives. About political, fascism is kind of extreme nationalism with only one-party state, which means no way for democracy to exist. About economic, government claimed to control all the industrialists by putting all the economic activities under the corporate state. Society under fascism was encouraged by the military, industrialists, and middle class.
Count Sergei Witte (1849-1915) and Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) had sketched out plans for the modernization of the Russian Empire economically, politically, and socially. Lenin was a Russian Communist Revolutionary, the architect of the soviet state. He used Karl Marx as a foundation for his modernization plans. Witte was not a liberal nor a conservative, and held several positions of power. His goals were to be achieved under the existing Russian Empire. The context to the two differing perspectives originates in the historical background of Russia in the early twentieth century. A chronological series of events up until the end of Tsar Nicholas II who ruled from 1894-1917, during the modernization of Russia is provided.
Stalin continued even once he was successful in accomplishing those goals, as he did not stop hurting people, but if anything it gave him more power to hurt people even more. But, at the end of the day, although Lenin ruled for only a very short time, he did raise the standard of living, though there maintained a large amount of hardship. Stalin, however, transformed the USSR from a peasantry to an industrialized nation in less than a decade, he did it on the backs of his millions of victims, who died because of his harsh policies and many purges. Lenin made a series of policies throughout the beginning of the Revolution and through his short time in public office that came to be collectively known as ‘Leninism’. There were many things that influenced Leninism, such as Karl Marx.
on what happened rather than why it did, so it could in a sense put
In fear of the growing influence of the Soviet Union and its communism in the 1920s, fascism grew to emulate the Russian Communists . Also, communism’s sphere of influence expanded into Eastern Europe, East Asia and parts of Africa after WWII. Nonetheless, I think this view overestimates communism’s influence, since communism did not lead to the outbreak of world-changing WWII as fascism did. Even worse, the “communism” Stalin practiced with his regime was actually not the original ideology Marx pursued, but a “perversion,” as Khrushchev denounced in his speech , a brutal totalitarianism which caused millions of political
In the late 1920’s, living in Lenin’s shadow, Stalin decided that the New Economic Policy would introduce the Five-Year Plan.
While discontent increased during the 1900s three major philosophies were established. The three major philosophies that were established were socialism, communism, and fascism. Socialism was never officially promoted, but the Bolsheviks, the elite group when Lenin was in power in Russia, thought socialism could be achieved by moderate reforms such as higher wages, increased suffrage, and social welfare. Communism was promoted by Lenin, his successor, and Stalin. Lenin developed the New Economic Policy, or NEP. Lenin just saw the New Economic Policy as a temporary retreat from communism. His successor put the Soviet Union back on the road to “pure” communism. Stalin developed Five-Year Plans while the Soviet Union developed a command economy, where the government made all basic economic decisions. A command economy is communist. Fascism was promoted by Mussolini and Hitler. In 1919 Mussolini organized discontent Italians into the Fascist Party. Mussolini quickly gained power, by 1925 he had taken the title II Duce, “The Leader.” Mussolini preserved capitalism and created his “corporate state,” where representatives of business, labor, government, and the Fascist party controlled industry, agriculture, and trade. Hitler made Germany become Europe’s second fascist state. Mussolini and Hitler were allies. Stalin relied on Lenin to further implement communism and the Soviet Union because they both shared the same goal, to generate worldwide revolution that Marx had predicted and Hitler relied on Mussolini to further implement fascism by copying Mussolini’s idea of preserving capitalism.
In the beginning Josef Stalin was a worshiper of his beloved Vladimir Lenin. He followed his every move and did as he said to help establish and lead the Bolshevik party. Much of the early part of his political career was lost due to his exile to Siberia for most of World War I. It wasn’t until 1928, when he assumed complete control of the country were he made most of his success. After Lenin’s death in January 1924, Stalin promoted his own cult followings along with the cult followings of the deceased leader. He took over the majority of the Socialists now, and immediately began to change agriculture and industry. He believed that the Soviet Union was one hundred years behind the West and had to catch up as quickly as possible. First though he had to seal up complete alliance to himself and his cause.
Joseph Stalin ruled the USSR from 1929 until his death in 1953. His rule was one of tyranny, and great change from the society that his predecessor, Lenin, had envisioned (Seton, 34). Stalin put into effect two self proclaimed "five-year plans" over the course of his rule. Both were very similar in that they were intended to improve production in the nation. The first of these plans began collectivization, in which harvests and industrial products were seized by the government and distributed as needed. The government eliminated most private businesses and the state became the leader in commerce. Stalin also initiated a process called "Russification". (Great Events, 119)"