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What was the deviant behavior
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People of society would in fact commit deviant acts, they decide not to. They fear losing the relationships they have with friends, parents, neighbors, teachers, and employers. Without these relationships and social ties a person is free to commit criminal acts. There are 4 elements to Hirschi’s theory, attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. Attachment refers to the ties an individuals has with others, mainly their parents and peers. Attachment to parents is the most important because without it is unlikely that feelings of respect for other authority figures will develop. There are 3 components to attachment with parents, the strength and quality of the relationship, supervision, and physiological presence. The second element is …show more content…
commitment. Commitment is how much time you spend developing one’s future. The third element is involvement, activities you practice in such as bible study, sports, and other organizations. These activities sucks up extra time so delinquent behavior is not though about. Belief is the fourth elements to Hirsch’s. Beliefs are shared values within a culture. This theory is telling us that almost all delinquency is cause by an imbalance of the four elements.
Those who have strong ties with the community are less likely to commit crimes. Like-minded people make us more connected within the world in a sense therefore not wanting to commit crimes against it. Hypothesis Hypothesis 1: Students who have both parents in the home are less likely to participate in deviant activities than ones who have single or no parents at all. Hypothesis 2:Students that participate in 1 or more activities for future advancements are less likely to partake in deviant acts than ones who go home immediately after school. Hypothesis 3:Students that have religious beliefs are more likely to steer away from deviant behavior compared to those with out beliefs. Participants The intended target population being studied is youths in America. There are three different sample groups taken from a school in an upper, middle, and lower class neighborhoods to target the different communities in this country. By including participants from the same neighborhood in each sample, this accounts for the social disorganization theory variability due to a difference in integration between different neighborhoods. The age of the participants range from 16 to 18, this is the time where students are more independent and start planning for their
future. Procedures Participants are given a survey designed to determine the student’s individual experiences with deviant behavior according to the four elements of Hirschi’s theory. To account for the attachment factor of Hirschi’s theory students are asked a series of questions in regards to their parental supervision and monitoring. Early parental child-rearing practices purportedly affect one's level of social and self-control since parental supervision prevents deviance externally by inhibiting the immediate act and, at the same time, trains the child to avoid future deviant possibilities on their own by internalizing these lessons (Polakowski, 1994). Participants were then asked series of questions in regards to commitment and involvement elements of Hirschi’s theory students were asked about the types classes and the
With that being said, there’s a lot of disorganization in the society which increases the level of deviance occurring. The acts of deviant people challenge the boundaries of society and can eventually spread unto the masses, changing those boundaries. Deviance helps us affirm and define our own norms.
In 1969, Donald H. Meichenbaum, Kenneth S. Bowers, and Robert R. Ross replicated a study of the remarkable Expectancy Effect study from Robert Rosenthal. Rosenthal had conducted numerous studies with a hypothesis of confirming that one person’s expectations affect another’s behavior, which is also referred as the self-fulfilling prophecy. This hypothesis was also used by Meichenbaum, Bowers, and Ross in their experiment. Under the Behavioral Analysis of Teacher Expectancy Effect study, 14 adolescent female offenders were examined over a period of a month. Six were chosen to be identified as “late bloomers” to their four teachers. During the study, the late bloomers improved significantly higher on objective exams, but not in subjective. However, their behavior in class improved as well. The observations of the teacher-pupil interactions during the 2 week expectancy period revealed that the instructions affected significantly and increased on the positive interactions among the late bloomers. The study conducted by Meichenbaum, Bowers, and Ross has several differences than Rosenthal’s study. Firstly, they created a different study with only 14 female adolescent offenders that were institutionalized in a training school. Secondly, the training school had limited time of two weeks under expectancy effect. Therefore they were graded based on objective test, subjective tests, and measures in their behavior instead of IQ change. Thirdly, the teachers had known the students prior to the study and had created their own expectancies of the girls’ intellectual capabilities. The study may have several differences, but the general aspects of examining the behavior of teacher expectancy and the effect of the academic performance on the adolesc...
Osgood, Wayne et al., Routine Activities and Deviant Behavior, American Sociological Review, Vol. 61 no. 4, August 1996, pg 635-655.
Much of society mistakenly interchanges the two concepts of crime and deviance, assuming that they are one in the same. "A crime is what the law proclaims it to be, and is an act punishable by law" (Winterdyk 9). Deviance, on the other hand, is a contested concept; it can be defined as differing from a norm or accepted standard of society (dictionary.com). Deviance involves acts that fluctuate from social norms; although such actions can be, they are not necessarily against the law (Winterdyk 9).
David Berkowitz, otherwise known as the “Son of Sam”, was notorious for his crimes committed between 1976 and 1977 that ended the lives of six innocent victims and wounded several others in New York (“David Berkowitz Biography”, n.d.). At first, police did not make a connection between the murders because there was nothing unusual about them; all the victims were shot with a 40 caliber gun, not fairly unusual during this time or place especially since the killings were over an extended period of time. Police finally made the connection when Berkowitz began to live behind notes that were meant to tantalize authorities since they had yet to catch him (“David Berkowitz| Son of Sam Killer,” 2015). Often times, the psychological structure of a human
Criticisms of attachment theory have come mainly from the feminist schools of thought since the theory has been used to argue that no woman with a young child should work outside the home or spend time away from her baby (Goodsell and Meldrum, 2010). Children’s experience and development also depend on what happens after early years, whether bad or good later in life may change a child’s emotional development, e.g. lack of basic needs, diet, education, stimulation such as play might affect a child’s development (Rutter, 1981) Difference in cultures have to be taken into consideration as well. A study by Schaffer and Emmerson (1964) provided contradictory evidence from Bowlby’s attachment theory. They noted attachment was more prominent at eight months, and afterwards children became attached to more than one person. By one year six months only 13%of infants had one attachment. This study by Schafer and Emmerson (1964) concluded care giver can be male or female and mothering can be a shared responsibility. Social workers should therefore understand that parents are not totally responsible for the way the children develop. They did give them their genes and therefore do have some influence. Attachment theory also fails to consider the fact that the father and siblings, and other close relatives can also
Sutherland’s Differential Association theory looks to explain crime from a socio-psychological perspective (Ball et. al 2015). It contends that criminal behaviour is learned through communication in intimate peer groups (Ball et.
The first topic that came up in the interview relates to idea of attachment theory. Attachment theory explains the human’s way of relating to a caregiver and receives an attachment figures relating to the parent, and children. In addition, the concept explains the confidence and ability for a child to free explore their environment with a place to seek support, protection, and comfort in times of distress (Levy, Ellison, Scott, and Bernecker, 2010, p. 193). Within attachment theory explains different types of attachment styles that children experience during early childhood. These attachment styles affect the relationships they continue to build in adulthood. The best attachment style happens when the parent is attuned to the child during his or her early childhood called secure attachment (Reyes, 2010, p. 174). In order for complete secure attachment, the child needs to feel safe, seen, and soothed. Any relationship that deviates from this model represents the anxious or insecure attachment. This means that parents or caregivers are inconsistently responsive to the children. Children who have these parents are usually confused and insecure. Some children experience a dismissive attachment where they
Admittedly, many psychologists define attachment as an enduring affectionate bond that one person forms between himself and another person throughout life. Since Mary Ainsworth provided the most famous research: strange situation, offering explanations how each individual differences in attachment. However, in this Adult Attachment Style questionnaire that I took, I found many factors relevant to attachment as it was defined in the textbook. For example, in the textbook, it defines attachment based on Ainsworth research, the strange situation by observing attachment forms between mother and infants. Which they are described in four attachment styles: securely attached, insecure avoidant, insecure resistant, and insecure disorganized. The questions on the questionnaire were based on those areas to determine my style of attachment.
One of the reasons young people join street gangs is because of neighborhood disadvantages. A theory that can contribute to why young people might join street gangs is Social Disorganization Theory. Social Disorganization theory assumes that “delinquency emerges in neighborhoods where neighborhood relation and social institutions have broken down and can no longer maintain effective social controls (Bell, 2007).” Social Disorganization contributes to residential instability and poverty, which affects interpersonal relationships within the community and opens opportunities for crimes to be committed. The break down of neighborhood relation and social institutions create a higher likely hood that young people will affiliate with deviant peers and get involved in gangs. When there is lack of social controls within a neighborhood the opportunity to commit deviance increases and the exposure to deviant groups such as street gangs increase. Which causes an increase in the chances of young people joining street gangs. If social controls are strong remain strong within a neighborhood and/or community the chances of young people committing crime and joining gangs decreases.
Deviance and delinquency may be attributed to the community’s structure and social organization. In this paper the possible theories of deviance and social control that may explain why the young man went into crime will be analyzed.
“Deviant behavior is behavior that violates the normative rules, understandings, or expectations of social systems” (“Deviant Behavior,” 1968). Sociologists that study crime and deviant behavior look at a variety of different things to try to determine the causes of these acts. First, they look at cultural norms and in what ways these cultural norms change. Second, they look at how these cultural norms are being enforced. They also look at what would happen to individuals when they break these cultural norms (Crossman, 2015b). Through these observations, sociologists have come up with numerous theories as to what causes deviant behavior.
Hirschi argues that a person with strong and stable attachments to one’s family, friends or community institutions are less likely to violate societal norms. His next element, commitment; refers to the investment an individual has to social activities and institutions. Hirschi argues that there was an association between the level of commitment and propensity for deviance. Involvement is the third element and it refers to large amounts of structured time spent in socially approved activities reduce the time available for deviance. Finally, the last element of social bonding theory relates to the individual’s level of belief in shared social values and norms (Hirschi
Children who grow up in intact, two-parent family with both biological parents present do better on a wide range of outcomes with the support of both parents than children who grow up in a single parent family. Some singe parents who are widows or divorced would not have income to cater for their children hereby making their children indulge into
To be able to understand social deviance we first have to talk about social norms. Henslin (2009) defined social norms as expectations, or rules of behavior, that reflect and enforce values. This is saying that in a society there are rules for the type of behavior that society considers to be acceptable. Going against these rules makes one a deviant. Every society has norms whether they 're based on laws based on a society 's customs or their laws. For example in the united states a male professor’s attire would be something along the lines of a suite and dress pants. This is what society expects of him. However if he comes to work wearing a skirt he would be going against society 's norms and thus he becomes a deviant.