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How the yellow wallpaper subverts gender norms
How the yellow wallpaper subverts gender norms
How the yellow wallpaper subverts gender norms
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In Arthur Miller's, “Death of a Salesman” and Charlotte Perkins Stetson’s, “The Yellow-Wallpaper” both struggle to maintain their own individual expectations in companion with Societies' input. Death of a salesman focused on how financial success plagues the family as they fail to meet the standards of the American Dream. The Yellow-Wallpaper focused on how society’s view of gender inhibits the narrators in functioning beyond her basic duties.
In, “Death of Salesman”, The society’s concept of the American Dream plagues the protagonist, Willie Lowman, through out the play. Society's standard of the financial success is owning your own house, being in control of a company and having a lovely family. The expectation of this “Dream” conflicts with Willie Lowman's reality. He had trouble maintaining their financially stability in how Willie sold their, “diamond watch fob?” This watch was special as it was from, “ Ben came from Africa that time? Didn’t he give me a watch fob with a diamond in it?”. A sign of financial instability is selling off prized possessions. This is relevant as Willie admire Ben for, “Why, boys, when I was seventeen I walked into jungle and when I was twenty-one I walked out. [He laughs] and by God I was rich!” Willie remarks to the boys that, “You see what I been talking about? The
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greatest things can happen!”. His older brother became the example of financial success which Willie aspires to be, but fails in comparison. Willie Lowman has been working at the same company for over twenty of years, but has not climb up the chain. He much rather stay content within the city. Willie is taunted by his brother, Ben, for his decision to be passivise as “forest is dark, but full of diamonds”. In order to achieve the “Diamonds”, Willie has to take a risk into the “Dark forest”. In the End, Willie valued money to provide for the “Dream” more than his own life. He committed suicide by driving reckeleys in order to receive the insurance money. Near the End of the play, Linda said,”Willy. I made the last payment on the house today. Today, dear. And there’ll be nobody home... We’re free and clear. “ It has been over 20 years and they have not payed off all of their debts. Willie Lowman did marry a doting wife who constantly cooked and clean for him, but he cheated on the marriage by buying the other woman stockings. This other woman proclaimed, “Where’s my stockings? You promised me stockings, Willy!” and “You had two boxes of size nine sheers for me, and I want them!”. even though Linda had holes her stocking. Willie's expectations of a success marriage, job, and financial were crushed by the reality of society. This concept of society's expectations affecting the individual pursuits not only affects Willie Lowmam, but his son, Biff. He, as an individual, doesn't meet the American dream as he works on a farm. The idea of working physical is often frowned upon, but no more than Willie Lowman who tried to force him to work for an old manager. Biff understood what he was a “Dime a dozen”, but once he saw, “the sky. I saw the things that I love in this world. The work and the food and time time to sit and smoke. And I looked at the pen and said to myself, what the hell am I grabbing this for? Why am I trying to become what I don't want to be? What am I doing in an office, making a contemptuous, begging fool of myself, when all I want is out there, waiting for me the minute I say I know who I am! Biff, in the final scene with his father, tore open the disillusionment that Willie had and, “Blown him full of hot air”. Though society has high expectations for success, The individual must do what is best for them. Biff personal happiness is outdoors-not in a corporate office. In the “Yellow Wallpaper, “ The Narrator struggles to keep her individuality as the constricted society belittle for her gender and cause her mental downward spiral. John, her husband, acted more like her doctor than a husband as he remarks, “perfect rest and all the air I could get. "Your exercise depends on your strength, my dear," said he," and your food somewhat on your appetite”. The narrator believe herself to be ill, but her, “one's own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression - a slight hysterical tendency - what is one to do?” and even her own brother doesn't believe her to be sick. By dismissing her thoughts, It shows that Society doesn't value her opinion or input in her health matter or anything else. The Narrator grows increasing worried as she starts to study the Wallpaper. She brought up her concerns to John, but “John laughs at me, of course, but one expects that in marriage. ” Even the Narrator is forced to hide it from her husband as, “he hates to have me write a word.” It shows that she is not allowed to express her opinion-written or verbally. It is no secret that woman are thought of as the inferior sex in literature or society’s point of view. As the Narrator continues, She notice a creature trapped inside of the wallpaper running around. The narrator notice that she can, “see her, she may be able to creep faster than I can turn ! I have watched her sometimes away off in the open country, creeping as fast as a cloud shadow in a high wind.” The conflict between herself and society resolves as she takes initiative and plans to release the woman trapped in the wallpaper by ripping apart the wallpaper. She realized that, “there are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast. I wonder if they all come out of that wall-paper as I did?”. She begins to see herself-trapped within the wallpaper. It is not just the narrator trapped underneath the expectation of Society, but all woman. The Narrator, underneath the strain, become animal how she “creep over him every time!
”. It mirrors how society use to view woman as “stock animal” and only meant for breeding. The Yellow-Wallpaper exhibits how society's expectation can stifle and suffocate a person base upon her gender. It shows how the individual suffers underneath the weight of Societies expectation.
Both works demonstrates how individual conflict with the Society expectation of a happy life. In the end, The individual must find freedom and personal happiness above the expectation of society. The individual person must do what is best for them and not what society expects them to
accomplish.
“Too Terribly Good to Be Printed”: Charlotte Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper” by Conrad Shumaker was written in 1985. When the original “Yellow Wallpaper” was created it was during the Victorian Era also the beginning of the Feminist Movement. Shumaker’s “Too Terribly Good to Be Printed” proves that the audiences’ intake of the story is merely based off of society’s standards at the time. This story emphasizes that the pedestal women are held on will always be over powered by society because of how dominate male roles are. In “The Yellow Wallpaper” Shumaker explains that gender roles are heavily influenced by how the way humans think. Males tend to focus more on facts and reality where as women like to use imagination and creativity. The author is able to prove this theory correct because the narrator of “The Yellow Wallpaper” expresses herself with her imagination of a non-living item (the wallpaper) and John her husband takes her thoughts for insanity. Shumaker gets the readers to realize that John himself isn’t cruel to his wife but it is the influence of the society. If having an imagination wasn’t such a feminine thing to do, then the wives of that century wouldn’t have gone through so much. This story brings to light that there is more to “The Yellow Wallpaper” than a husband controlling
The struggle between happiness and society shows a society where true happiness has been forfeited to form a perfect order.
Many different depictions of gender roles exist in all times throughout the history of American culture and society. Some are well received and some are not. When pitted against each other for all intents and purposes of opposition, the portrayal of the aspects and common traits of masculinity and femininity are separated in a normal manner. However, when one gender expects the other to do its part and they are not satisfied with the results and demand more, things can shift from normal to extreme fairly quickly. This demand is more commonly attributed by the men within literary works. Examples of this can be seen in Tennessee Williams' “A Streetcar Named Desire”, where Stella is constantly being pushed around and being abused by her drunken husband Stanley, and also in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's “The Yellow Wallpaper”, where the female narrator is claimed unfit by her husband as she suffers from a sort of depression, and is generally looked down on for other reasons.
During this time period women did not encompass the same rights as their male counterparts, nor where they encouraged to participate in the same activities as they. Gillman describes the yellow wallpaper to the readers as a rationalization of what it means to be a woman during this time period. Women were expected to be child-like and fragile as noted, within the text, “What is it child(Gilman, 1998)?” The color yellow is often associated with sickness; in Gilman’s case her sudden illness refers to oppression. She notes as the story, progresses the wallpaper makes her feel sick. Gilman notes, “I never saw a worse paper in my life,” as a symbol in which refers to the restrictions and norms society places on women. Within her literature she addresses restrictions placed on women. Gilman states, “The color is hideous enough, and unreliable enough, and infuriating enough, but the pattern is torturing.” Meaning, she believed men denying women the right to equality was absurd, and when they did grant women’s freedom it was not equivalent rather a “slap in the face [it knocks] you down and tramples you (Gilman, 1998).” Through her essay she consistently refers to a figure behind the wallpaper. “The faint figure behind seemed to shake the pattern, just as if she wanted to get out (Gilman, 1998).” Meaning, women during this time period seek to feel free from oppression. The women behind the wallpaper represents the need to speak out, “you have to creep on the ground, and everything is green instead of yellow (Gilman,1998).” Creeping placed significance on the experience of being a woman in regards to, how they should think, feel, act, dress, and express themselves. Gilman notes, “And I 've pulled off most of the paper, so you can 't put me back! " The author used this quote to signify, the woman realized she was
In the 19th century, women were not seen in society as being an equal to men. Men were responsible for providing and taking care of the family while their wives stayed at home not allowed leaving without their husbands. In The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman writes about a woman named Jane who is trapped by society’s cage and tries to find herself. Throughout the story, the theme of self-discovery is developed through the symbols of the nursery, the journal and the wallpaper.
American Literature has been said to be timeless and relatable with its use of “American values and the American Dream of material success.” American Literature reflects the differences between the upper and lower class. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman contribute to the meaning of American literature, with the incorporation of the American dream and female characters. In the desperate chase for the American dream, one can become corrupted and egocentric. The aspects of the novel The Great Gatsby and the play Death of a Salesman demonstrate the slow emotional and social downfall of the protagonists Jay Gatsby and Willy Loman with reference to the American dream and female characters such as Daisy
In society, there has always been a gap between men and women. Women are generally expected to be homebodies, and seen as inferior to their husbands. The man is always correct, as he is more educated, and a woman must respect the man as they provide for the woman’s life. During the Victorian Era, women were very accommodating to fit the “house wife” stereotype. Women were to be a representation of love, purity and family; abandoning this stereotype would be seen as churlish living and a depredation of family status. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" and Henry Isben’s play A Doll's House depict women in the Victorian Era who were very much menial to their husbands. Nora Helmer, the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the narrator in “The Yellow Wallpaper” both prove that living in complete inferiority to others is unhealthy as one must live for them self. However, attempts to obtain such desired freedom during the Victorian Era only end in complications.
In ' 'Death of a Salesman ' ' by Arthur Miller and ' 'The Great Gatsby ' ' by F. Scott Fitzgerald we are presented with the tragedy of ruined idealism. Willy Loman 's and Jay Gatsby 's dreams are crushed because of their tremendous desire to be meaningful and significant. However, their social status, lineage, and ability to accept reality are incompatible with their dreams. Miller provides the facts that capitalism will not give a chance to ordinary people to get the American dream, and contrary Fitzgerald designates that achievement of the American dream will not bring happiness.
In conclusion, this story, “The Yellow Wall-Paper”, provided a great social and psychological criticism. It shows the reader how women have progressed so far in the recent years. This woman was the start of many, which finally led to making men and woman more equal, and this is the society that this woman wanted.
“The Yellow Wallpaper” written by Charlotte Perkins-Gilman explores the oppression of women in the nineteenth century and the constant limitation of their freedom, which many times led to their confinement. The short story illustrates male superiority and the restriction of a woman’s choice regarding her own life. The author’s diction created a horrific and creepy tone to illustrate the supernatural elements that serve as metaphors to disguise the true meaning of the story. Through the use of imagery, the reader can see that the narrator is living within a social class, so even though the author is trying to create a universal voice for all women that have been similar situations, it is not possible. This is not possible because there are many
Gender roles seem to be as old as time and have undergone constant, but sometime subtle, revisions throughout generations. Gender roles can be defined as the expectations for the behaviors, duties and attitudes of male and female members of a society, by that society. The story, “The Yellow Wallpaper,” is a great example of this. There are clear divisions between genders. The story takes place in the late nineteenth century where a rigid distinction between the domestic role of women and the active working role of men exists (“Sparknotes”). The protagonist and female antagonists of the story exemplify the women of their time; trapped in a submissive, controlled, and isolated domestic sphere, where they are treated as fragile and unstable children while the men dominate the public working sphere.
Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, portrays the cost of selling oneself to the American Dream. Willy Loman, the central character, is madly determined to achieve affluence that he overlooks the value of his family and himself in the process. He instills in his sons, Biff and Happy Loman, that being charismatic will hand them a prosperous lifestyle. Happy trusts in his father’s ideology while Biff’s beliefs contradict them. Biff deems that success is a product of happiness and contentment, not a paycheck. Out of all the sociological theories, social conflict best emphasizes the author’s perspective of how conflict, through class and family, can deteriorate the American dream. By analyzing the play’s themes- social class and family- through the sociological perspectives: structural-functional, social conflict, and symbolic interactionist, we can predict what drives these characters to behave and perceive things the way they do.
In Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, women play a crucial role in Willy’s life and in the lives of the other characters. While the roles themselves have not changed since the play was written, society’s opinion of these roles has changed greatly. When it was written, Miller’s representation of Linda was seen as a portrait of the ideal American wife. She was a nurturing wife and mother, loyal to her family, and almost overly supportive of her pitiful husband Willy. The other women in the play, however, were seen as “working women,” or women who care about money as opposed to emotional support.
The struggle for the pursuit of happiness and prosperity has always been an extremely relevant American culture and society—most strive to be at the top (e.g. in some sort of alpha position). “The Death of a Salesman” and “A Raisin in the Sun” are two stories that delve into this struggle. Both are about two classic American families, specifically two men, between the 1940’s and 1960’s that portray the common way of life along with many tribulations that come with it. “The Death of a Salesman” is about a middle-class American white family living in New York, while, “A Raisin in the Sun” is a lower middle-class African American family living in Chicago. These families might seem normal, but they actually have many problems and differences that differentiate them from other families and themselves within their own family. Though, both families share a few similarities’, which makes these two stories relevant subjects for a comparative essay.
Arthur Miller’s, Death of a Salesman is undeniably a masculine focused play as it reveals a man’s struggle to achieve success. However, through careful examination, many literary scholars have found it to be the women in these men’s lives that have the most impact on their accomplishments. As exemplified through the male and female relationships in Death of a Salesman, man’s success is heavily influenced by a women's indirect authority.