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Hopelessly Devoted
Catullus' Poems, is a popular text that mimics the works of Theocritus's Idylls. His works, although brief, contain a spectrum of emotions about the beautiful disaster that is love. Catullus engagingly depicts the inner lying feelings that he possesses for his mistress Lesbia (also known as Clodia, the wife of a Roman consul). In the Poems, one see's Catullus nearly driven to a point of insanity because of his hopeless devotion to Lesbia thus causing him to feel an array of emotions such as love and hate.
It is often times difficult to decipher the thin line between love and hate. What's even more difficult is being ruled by both love and hate simultaneously. This was the case when it came to Catullus. He was a slave
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In Poem 51, he draws attention to the effects that loving Lesbia has on his body. "(softly) tears me/ to tatters: nothing is left of me, each time/ I see her,/ … tongue numbed; arms, legs/ melting, on fire" ( line 6-10). In these stanzas, Catullus exhibits a lack of control in her presence. He is undone by her physically and emotionally. With that same all-consuming love that aches him, comes the all consuming hate he has for her. In Poem 72, the convictions of Catullus' emotions are apparent. "Today I know you too well/ and desire burns deeper in me/ and you are more coarse/ more frivolous in my thought" (lines 7-10). This stanza shows the manifestation of the hidden hate in Catullus' heart. Unlike Poem 5 where Lesbia was depicted as the key to his happiness, we now see her being depicted as the cause of his sadness. Lesbia's true colors are brought into light and Catullus paints her as "frivolous and coarse". In other words, she is now tainted in his sight. Despite this new found emotion, it does not change the amount of love he has for her. "I cannot think tenderly of you,/ sink to what acts you dare-/ I can never cut this love" ("Poem 75" 4-6). Catullus hates the way he loves her but can't help but to love her despite her wrong doings. He is inescapably, hopelessly devoted to
Throughout the ten years of The Odyssey, Odysseus was determined to come home to his wife and son in Ithaca. During this journey he met two beautiful women, Calypso and Circe. Odysseus was forced to stay with Calypso, and was seduced by Circe. Both the nymph and sorceress were depicted as beautiful in Homer’s The Odyssey. However Odysseus chose to stay with his wife and take the difficult journey back to Ithaca. This illustrated his devotion for Penelope. Another primary evidence that supports how he loved his wife was that Calypso offered him immortality in exchange for his company. Odysseus chose to live a mortal life with a mere human over an eternal life with a beautiful nymph. Although Odysseus had an affair with Calypso, it can be understood that he was forced to do so, as the nymph would not allow his leave. Even during the seven years in Ogygia, Odysseus relentlessly searched for a way to escape in order to be reunited with his wife. Penelope also proved her faith to Odysseus, as she delayed her suitors advances back in Ithaca. The characteristic which makes Odysseus the most respectful and loving hero is his loyalty to his wife Penelope. His love for his human wife transcends the temptations of an alluring sorceress and a beautiful
However, Calypso’s “love” is more like sexual desire. Calypso holds Odysseus on her island for sever year, and “in the night, true, [Odysseus] would sleep with her in the arching cave - he had no choice - unwilling lover alongside lover all too willing…” (Odyssey 5, 170-172). Calypso is a selfish goddess who wants to dominate Odysseus without considering Odysseus’s feeling. The fact that Calypso sleeps with Odysseus every night demonstrates that she treats Odysseus more like as sex captive than a real lover. Even though she claims, “ I welcomed him warmly, cherished him, even vowed the make the man immortal, ageless, all his days” (Odyssey 5,150-151), the hospitality that she shows here is just a tool to help her possess Odyssey. By making Odyssey ageless and immortal, Calypso can hold Odyssey and satisfy her possessive obsessions forever. Calypso’s sexual desire can be further proved in her angry speech. She says, “ Hard-hearted you are, you gods! You unrivaled lords of jealousy-scandalized when goddesses sleep with mortals, openly, even when one has made the man her husband” (Odyssey 5,130-133). Calypso is angry because female gods and male gods are treated unequally about the affairs with mortals. She asks Odysseus to become her husband because she wants to achieve sexual equality. However, at the end, Calypso releases Odyssey since she is afraid of the punishment from Zeus (Odyssey 5, 153). The fact that Calypso easily submits to Zeus’s
Many of Catullus’s poems expressed Catullus’s love for his beloved Lesbia. In the first poem he is relishing her kisses and declaring the eternity of their love. The three later poems show him sadder and he accurse Lesbia of unfaithfulness yet still confesses his love for her. Catullus’s Poems are universal in time and are relevant to any time period. The particular time period that I am focusing on is today’s time period and how his essays are relevant to the modern reader. The two particular poems that I am going to be focusing on is number five and number seventy-two. Both are very emotional and could be reflected on today’s society.
An epic hero is almost overwhelmed with difficulty, often beyond that which a normal man could withstand. Not only is he confronted occasionally by danger or hopelessness; it is the entire premise of the poem. “Sing to me of the man, Muse, the man of twists and turns driven time and again off course, once he had plundered the hallowed heights of Troy” (Fagles 77). This it the first line of the whole poem, summing up what is going to happen as the speaker prays to the Muses, goddesses of stories. There is in fact, no other person, fictional or otherwise, in all of history, ever so besieged with difficulty, as Odysseus. Women and goddesses often tempt epic heroes, and Odysseus is tempted too. The goddess Circe is one of the many people who tempt him, “Come, sheath your sword, lets go to bed together, mount my bed and mix in the magic work of love-we’ll breed deep trust between us” (Fagles 240). Though Odysseus does bed with her, he never loses sight of his hope of coming home to his wife, Penelope.
... Odysseus' experience with Calypso reflects his strength and diligence, though he cries all day everyday. It is quite ironic. Calypso seems to represent womanly jealousy. She knows he has a wife waiting in Ithaca for him, yet she continues to retain him for her own selfish happiness. She seems to be a little unsure if she is greater in beauty than Penelope when she assures Odysseus that she exceeds Penelope by far in that area. It seems that she knew what his reply would be and merely wanted to hear it from his mouth.
A main purpose of women in the poem is to define the characters of Odysseus and Penelope. Women's seductive natures serve as a test of character for Odysseus. His choice to leave the sexual pleasures of Kirke and Calypso is proof of his virtue and desirability as a husband. The same depiction causes the virtuous Penelope to stand out in the large pool of vileness as a desirable wife. The contradictions also have a significant affect on the poem and the reader.
In appeasing Calypso when she becomes angered by Odysseus’ willingness to leave, he defends Penelope (his wife) in a meaningful way, but declares that, “Nevertheless I long – I pine, all my days – /to travel home and see the dawn of my return.” Nowhere in that statement does he state that he misses his wife or only son, simply that he misses his home, Ithaca (Homer 159). Another instance of Odysseus disloyalty to his family is in his time with Circe. When he approaches her and she wants to sleep with him, he first requires her to swear an oath to not harm or plot against him and his men, after which he describes, “…and when she’d finished/ then, at last, I mounted Circe’s gorgeous bed…” The key phrase here is “at last”. This displays Odysseus’ eagerness to sleep with a woman that is not his chosen bride (Homer 240-41, Lns. 373-86). A final instance of Odysseus’ devotion gone wrong is also with Circe. Odysseus dallies with on her island for a year, at which point his men decide it is time to leave and they urge their captain on (Homer 245). Note how, even if it was somewhat expected of men at that time, Odysseus seems far too willing to perform sexual intercourse with women who are not his wife. These instances of Odysseus’ misplaced devotion illustrate how he could not maintain his concentration on what mattered to the highest degree, for as he himself put it, “No finer, greater gift in the world than that… / when a man and a woman possess their home, two minds, / two hearts work as one. Despair to their enemies, / a joy to all their friends. Their own best claim to glory.” (Homer
Rather than just talking about an ideal concept of love, Catullus explains all the feelings he experiences, including eternal love, but also confusion, the harsh realisation that he feels he cannot trust Lesbia, and anger. These Lesbia poems not only show the range of his feelings, but also his own range in style, from heightened, elaborate language, to simple expressions of complex feeling, although the latter probably shows his sincerity more effectively, for example poem 85 in which Catullus manages to demonstrate how torn he is in only two lines. Throughout the selection of the poems, Catullus conveys to the reader that he feels both wonderful and torturous elements of love.
and the kidnapping and rape of Chrysippus, a young man Laius fell in love with
The speaker uses metaphors to describe his mistress’ eyes to being like the sun; her lips being red as coral; cheeks like roses; breast white as snow; and her voices sounding like music. In the first few lines of the sonnet, the speaker view and tells of his mistress as being ugly, as if he was not attracted to her. He give...
In Catullus’ poems 2, 3, 5, 7, and 8, Catullus describes his torrid affair with Lesbia. Lesbia is typically identified as Clodia, a married woman with a documented history of scandals and affairs. Catullus is deeply infatuated with Lesbia in his early poems, expressing jealousy of her pet bird and attempting to hold Lesbia’s attention. In Catullus 8, Catullus has a dramatic change of heart. He begins speaking in third person, giving himself advice just as much as he critiques Lesbia. Though his tone and attitude towards Lesbia shifts completely from one of loving adoration to resentful disdain, Catullus 8 fits logically with Catullus 2, 3, 5, and 7. Catullus maintains his emotional intensity throughout the poems, using not only his words but
Neruda begins his sonnet in a most unusual manner. He states in the first few lines ways in which he does not love his companion. He does not love her as if she were “the salt-rose, topaz, or arrow of carnations.” These are all examples of beautiful things that are to be admired. Each one is a bright and colorful breed of rose. The poem is not implying that this person is unattractive. Rather, it is simply stating the unimportance of her appearance in relation to his love for her. The beauty within her soul charms him. The narrator is completely captivated with this person. Neruda uses emotions to portray love in his poem. “Sonnet XVII” does not describe a love for someone who has done kind things or someone who has been there emotionally, mentally, and physically for another. It describes a love that is illogically based on intense affection alone.
During the course of Edmund Spencer’s Amoretti, the “Petrarchan beloved certainly underwent a transformation” (Lever 98); the speaker depicts the beloved as merciless and is not content with being an “unrequited lover” (Roche 1) as present in a Petrarchan sonnet. Throughout Sonnet 37 and Sonnet 54, the speaker provides insight into the beloved not seen within the Petrarchan sonnets; though the speaker does present his uncontrollable love for the beloved, he does so through his dissatisfaction with his position and lack of control. In Sonnet 37, the speaker describes the beloved as an enchantress who artfully captures the lover in her “golden snare” (Spencer, 6) and attempts to warn men of the beloved’s nature. Sonnet 54, the speaker is anguished by the beloved’s ignorance towards his pain and finally denies her humanity. Spencer allows the speaker to display the adversarial nature of his relationship with the beloved through the speaker’s negative description of the beloved, the presentation of hope of escaping from this love, and his discontent with his powerlessness. Spencer presents a power struggle and inverted gender roles between the lover and the beloved causing ultimate frustration for the speaker during his fight for control.
The Theme of Love in the Poems First Love, To His Coy Mistress, Porphyria's Lover, My Last Duchess and Shall I Compare Thee?
This passage revolves around the poet as he goes through an episode of extreme jealousy towards his poet-friend, Lynceus or Varius. In these lines, the poet uses his jealousy to put the context of love elegy against the serious genre of epic represented by Lynceus. As a self-proclaimed expertus, the poet uses the pursuit of his girl by Lynceus to justify that love conquers all and that love elegy is worth as much as epic, if not more. And so, to demonstrate his point, the poet gives examples of how Love has wronged others, using examples like the relationships between Paris and Menelaus and Jason and Medea. From Propertius’ early poems, we know that the girl represents his source of poetic inspiration; thus, she represents love elegy. Since,