Soil Electrical Conductivity and pH
The goal of this experiment was to determine the pH and salinity of the soil and to understand how the different levels of pH and salinity can affect the bacteria living within it. The ecosystem is affected by the pH of the soil.The more basic the pH level is the more bacteria that grow in the soil (Rousk et al 2009). In addition to pH, electrical conductivity also affects the nutrients and gases in the soil by calculating its salinity. Greenhouse gases, like nitrogen oxides, methane, and carbon dioxide, and nutrient availability are regulated by conductivity of the soil. When the salinity of the soil is changed, the plants need to be maintained differently because there would be more or less of the nutrients and greenhouse gases. The less saline in the soil is the less it affects the plant's growth and microbial processes (USDA -NRCS nd). The increase of salinity in the soil affects the number of fungal and bacterial species present in the soil and soil enzymes. As the salinity of the soil increases the number bacterial and fungal species decrease. The soil enzymes also experience a reduction as the soil salinity is increased (Omar et al 1993).This probably affected the microbes within the soil, which provides another explanation for the decrease in microbial species.
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The pH levels of soil also become more basic as more bacteria grow in the soil (Rousk 2009). Because the average pH level was 6.95, this indicates that our soil samples may have a high percentage of culturable bacteria and there should be higher microbial activity present within the
Although, this experiment is not concluded outdoors, it is provided with efficient light that promotes growth. It’s provided with soil, seed, fertilizer, water and NaCl solutions, to test how salinity effects plant growth.
Theatre as a unique, live art form does not only consist of theatrical performances that tell stories, but are significant as to how they cover certain topics that portray issues within the world. Because of this, theatre is an art form that can be used as a platform to discuss and bring awareness to issues that affect one’s community. The play, In the Red and Brown Water by Tarell Alvin Mccraney follows the upcoming of age story of Oya, a young African-American woman, that struggles to find her true self and identity within the projects of San Pere, Louisiana. With the presence of Yoruban tradition, In the Red and Brown Water explores the themes of poverty and racial injustices among minorities through the distinctive use of design clues,
of the water high up in the stream will be less acidic than lower down
The word “remediate” means to solve a problem, so the word “bioremediation” refers to the use of biological organisms to solve an environmental problem. Bacteria, fungi, protists and other microorganisms in a non-polluted environment are constantly breaking down organic matter, and when the soil is polluted, some of the organisms may die, but others will still be able to break down the pollutants. Bioremediation provides organisms that can consume the pollutants with fertilizer, oxygen, and other conditions to encourage the rapid growth of these organisms. They then would be able to break down the organic pollutants at a correspondingly faster rate. There are two general ways in which bioremediation functions. One way is where specific survival conditions of a microorganism living in the soil are enhanced to increase the rate of a pollutant’s degradation. The second way is when specialized microbes are added to degrade the contaminant. This way is less common. For many types of polluted soil, bioremediation provides an excellent method of clean-up, but in some cases the pollutant is toxic even for the microbes. These pollutants include metals such as cadmium or lead, and salts such as sodium chloride. Although it may not work in all cases, bioremediation is considerably easier than other methods because it enhances the functions that the microbes already carry out in the soil. Along with being easier, it can be much less expensive because the soil does not have to be pumped out of the ground for treatment (Environmental Inquiry-Bioremediation). Serratia Marcescens is a bacterium that is commonly used for bioremediation.
...t inaccurately assumed that the acidity of soil in low land Cumbria compared to highland Cumbria was different.
For Appalachia people, in that time period, it was good to have livestock of any kind, they needed a calf to grow up into a cow so they would have milk for the human baby to feed. One of the most important needs of having a cow in that time period was to have sustenance for family/baby. As we saw in the novel River of Earth, the cow would’ve been very significant since it would have been the main source of nutrition for the family and more essentially for the baby, as mother said “if we had us a cow her udder would be tick-tight…. It would be a sight the milk and butter we’d get” (Still’s 50). Alpha (mother) was saying that because the baby wouldn’t go hungry and would have nutrition if they had a milk. There was not that much of a conversation about the cow, in general, over the novel. How Baldridge’s family went from not having a calf, that would have become a cow, then having a calf, and
Introduction: Rainwater runoff, also called non-point source, is everywhere, especially in the artificial concrete communities that we live in. Rainwater runoff occurs after rain showers and thunderstorms, when the water flows down streets, sidewalks and gutters. There is so much rainwater runoff now a day because of the colossal neighborhoods and buildings and parking lots we are creating. The runoff happens when the water can’t soak into the ground, like it naturally does. With growing cities and industrialization, runoff water is becoming more and more of a problem and people need to start worrying about it. Runoff water has the possibility of becoming very dangerous, depending on what the water takes with it. Pesticides, garbage, bacteria, sediments from roads, feces and oil/gasoline are just some of the many substances that rainwater runoff carries with it on it’s journey; and lets not forget about all of the possible toxic chemicals that would fall into its path. So many residencies have been built, causing more runoff water because it isn’t being absorbed into the soil, since the soil is covered in concrete or other substances that were used to build. Everything that rests in gutters also goes down into the soil and in sewers that dump water into soil or other bodies of water, and the effects can both be positive and negative. Substances such as phosphate can travel with the runoff water into areas with soil and grass, causing it to grow faster. While some people may think fast growing grass is helpful, lets not forget about the rest of the environment the phosphate can effect. Certain algae’s can be harmful to humans when ingested. After knowing that, people should realize that it is time for environmental management to co...
The Effect of Different pH Levels on the Growth of Sunflower Seeds Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to see how germination is affected by differing pH levels in water. Background Information: In order to germinate and grow, seeds require oxygen, water, and the correct temperature. Once seedlings appear, they will also require light and carbon dioxide.
The main biotic factors are the plants, fish, and microorganisms. The plants are the main component of an aquaponic system, and they play a significant role in forming a symbiotic ecosystem, the plants also provide water full of nutrients for the fish. Additionally, the fish play a role in forming the ecosystem, but they also assist in the growth of the of the plants by allowing for clean water to be produced from their waste. The bacteria allow for the nitrification cycle to take place, in turn, cleaning the water in the
However, when the pH levels reach a certain stage, the iron can then precipitate out, coating sediments with the characteristic yellow, red or orange colourings (D.E.P. 2, 2002; U.S.G.S. ; U.S.E.P.A., 2002). The rate that A.M.D. advances is also influenced by the presence of certain bacteria (Doyle; U.S.G.S). A.M.D. that has dissolved heavy metals such as copper, lead and mercury can contaminate ground and surface water.
Microbes are everywhere in the biosphere, and their presence invariably affects the environment in which they grow. The effects
A pH of 7 is neutral, less than 7 is acidic and greater than 7 is basic, so the optimal pH strays closely to neutral. Too acidic of an environment will denature most enzymes (except pepsin which works best at pH around
The effect of soil salinity in plant growth is part of botany, the study of plants.
Soil is the most important non-renewable resource on any farm. Healthy soil is key to a good
Studies have shown that there are bacteria and fungi with certain strains that live in soil. When they are applied to the seeds, they can aid crops by invigorating plant growth or by decreasing the damage created from plant pathogens bred from the soil. Another example is the bacterial species, Mycorrhiza. It is a fungus, which is able to form a union with a majority of land plants. When this action occurs, that symbiotic relationship assists to increase uptake by the root system to about 90 percent. This in turn helps the plant take in water and nutrients from deep inside the soil. It also allows the activation of genes and physiological changes in the plant which helps them to survive drought circumstances. Other microbes are also able to lift a plant 's resistance to bugs. A larger focus on microorganisms colonizing our plants and sharing a symbiotic relationship with them would greatly improve yields and lessen the need for costly fertilizers and pesticides. Information such as this would be very useful for students in college who are interested in businesses such as