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Canada before and after confederation
Canada before and after confederation
Essay on canadaian history
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The fathers of confederation in Canada’s beginning stages had a very specific mindset while creating the country in which we know today; to create an empire without following in the same footsteps as our neighbours the United States of America. Throughout this essay this statement will be proven by delving into the relations these both countries hold with their predecessor; England, by discovering their constitutional differences, and by analyzing matters surrounding the different uses of division of power.
There are many differences with Canada’s neighbour, the United States of America; some in which can be dated back to our ties with our English heritage. Canada is known as a constitutional monarchy; meaning that although they are independent from
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The Prime Minister of Canada; since the establishment of the Statue of Westminster, is the head of the Canadian government. He is in charge of the day to day activities for the Canadian people while the Governor General; a representative of the crown, is charged to uphold tradition and as a means to pay respect to the Canadian heritage. He/she deals with the more ceremonial side of Canadian politics with no political power over legislation. The fathers of confederation had a dream for Canada to be an ‘empire within an empire’ , an independent state but still tied to their English founders. America on the other hand needed to be 100% independent from England , completely distancing themselves from their roots. “No taxation without representation” is a common expression used in the 1750s and 1760s after English
In conclusion Canada gained independence because of a series of events that took place during the twentieth century. If it hadn’t been for these events, Canada to this day might have been a part of the British Empire. Through discussion on the Chanak affair we signalled that we wanted autonomy. Through our hard work and lives, the world knew we had the ability to stand alone as a strong nation. While, our international reputation of being a “peacekeeping” country the right to stand as an independent self-governing nation. But finally through the Canada Act, we stood solely independent from our Empire. It is obvious that the twentieth century provided us with great chances to become an independent strong nation.
To start off, I’ll be writing about the life of people in British North America and its significance towards unifying Canada, as well as background knowledge of conflicts that existed. Life in British North America was changing at an alarming rate. New technology and services were being introduced such as railways and steamships. Industries such as building, producing and farming were being introduced. This was in part due to the many immigrants from Britain and France who’d settled. This was dreadful for the First Nations as their land had been taken away even more so than before. More resources were needed for the growing crowd so trade agreements were made. As more people came, the First Nations were even more distanced from the Europeans. Meanwhile, the French and the British wanted the other’s culture to be erased from the
Canada has become a superior nation thru, perseverance, courage and even care as they persevered thru many dark battles, and made sure they all came thru together as a unit other than individuals. Their courage made there fighting 100% stronger as they wouldn’t back down to any task and they weren’t afraid to lose their life to help a fellow friend and country out. Care played a major aspect in each Canadian heart. There cared about Britain so they weren’t to go help them when they declared war, they helped other troops with their emotional problems and lastly they even cared a little about there enemies as they are the same person, however the only thing separating them is there culture. Canadians contributed in many ways to help our country's great efforts in the First World War.
While having a legislative Union is preferable to him, it is not practical (Ajzenstat, 1999, 281). Like the American Founders, he acknowledged that not everyone has the same interests and values and it is not possible to eliminate these differences between citizens. The Canadian federal system instead has a legislative union while maintaining sectional freedom that comes with a federal union, with decreased threat of Factionalism because of the ensured protection of local interests. Both the Founding Fathers and Canadian Founders agree that it is best to protect as many local interests as possible because this provides lesser chance of a majority infringing upon a minority. Giving minorities avenues to express their interests and ensure their voices are being heard decreases the likelihood of Factionalism causing the breakdown of a
Canada and The United States do have a lot in common for sure, except their type of economy is quite different. Canada has a mixed economy where the government and the civilians both have a say in things that happen around the country. While The United States have a Market economy where the government has little involvement in the country while civilians have most say in important decisions. But in the end a mixed economy does have less disadvantages and more advantages to the system.
The British North America Act went into effect July 1st, 1867 creating a union known as the Dominion of Canada, but this did not complete the debate on the Confederation issue. Many Nova Scotians continued their opposition to the idea and it would take considerable time before all Nova Scotians would accept the fact of Confederation. “These Nova Scotians, disgruntled at their treatment by Great Britain, found that their loyalty had markedly diminished. The more they considered taking over the responsibility for their own affairs from England, however, the greater trust they had to place in Confederation.”25 Confederation struck a balance between the rights of English and French speaking Canadians. Nevertheless, many divisions, conflicts, and debates would occur not only in Quebec but also in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick over this balance. Economic disparities between the Maritimes and the rest of Canada would also create many problems for the years following 1867. As a result, Confederation can be viewed as a beginning and not an end.
The culture of Canada refers to the shared values, attitudes, standards, and beliefs that are a representative of Canada and Canadians. Throughout Canada's history, its culture has been influenced by American culture because of a shared language, proximity, television and migration between the two countries. Over time, Canadian-American relations have helped develop Canada’s identity during the years 1945-1982; thus introducing changing social norms, media and entertainment. In support of this, due to the United States being approximately 9.25 times larger in population and having the dominant cultural and economic influence, it played a vital role in establishing Canada’s identity. With Canada being its neighbour, naturally, the United States would influence their way of life upon Canada.
The article of confederation is the very first constitution that was written by early colonists and was adopted by Congress in 1981. Because of their experience from British, they feared strong national governments and needed something to hold their states together to protect them from future attacks. They also hoped to make a strong economy by trading with each other and foreign lands. This and other reasons brought a need for a stronger federal government and this led to Constitutional Convention of 1787. Therefore, the Constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation in 1789 (Keene, Cornell, & O’Donnell, 2011).
Canada and Quebec have always been in conflict from the confederation of 1867 to the Supreme court judgement on the secession of Quebec in 1998. Quebec faces several challenges in terms of constitutional relations with the rest of Canada. Quebec is seeking a special status to preserve and protect its culture and language, while the rest of English-speaking Canada accepts the view of provincial equality. There have been attempts to recognize Quebec's concerns through constitutional amendments, but these attempts have not lived up to Quebec's expectations and for the most parts have failed. Quebec has threatened Canada throughout history with separation from Canada. These threats have not been ignored, the rest of Canada realizes the devastating impact economically and politically if Quebec did separate but they cannot reach a compromise. Canada has as tried to encourage Quebec not to separate from Canada. In 1995 Quebec held its second referendum on sovereignly and the separatists narrowly lost the province wide. The province brought the case to the Supreme court of Canada to rule on the legal guidelines of unilateral secession under Canadian and international law, in the end some say the federalists (those not wanting to separate) came out on top. In this essay I will discuss the various historical attempts made by government to keep Quebec a part of Canada. I will also attempt to explain the impact of the Supreme Court Ruling on the Quebec secession. Many argue that the federalist won in the decision but that statement is debatable. Both Quebec and the rest of Canada won in the ruling. I believe that English Canadians should spend some time getting to know their French neighbors and vice ...
Before 1931, Canada was under the British crown, meaning the Canadian government abided by the decisions made by the Queen. However, Canada has long escaped the rule of Britain as portrayed though many instances in Canadian history and it can be proven by many instances throughout history. Canada not only demonstrated it was a self-governing nation, but it was also a strong one. Specific examples of Canada’s growing independence are the Chanak Affair, the Balfour Report, and the Statute of Westminster
Since 1793, at the Treaty of Paris, Canada was under British rule, France and Britain had fought for the power over Canada and France was defeated. But “in the 1860s the British colonies were facing many different kinds of problems” including political difficulties of English and French speakers having diverse opinions about the government. As well as economic troubles because there were not many places where colonies could vend their products and military dilemmas because of the unbalanced bond amongst the United States and British North America. The resolution to these complications was for the different colonies settled in Canada to unite as one abundant country. So in 1867, Canada “became a self-governing dominion of the British Empire” until 1931, when the Statute of Westminster was passed by the Parliament of Great Britain. , This Statute presented several countries under Dominion including: Canada, Newfoundland, New Zealand, Australia, the Union of South Africa and the Irish Free State their independence. With the success of Vimy Ridge, “Canada’s participation in the war won it a place at the table at the Paris peace talks in 1919 […] And in 1931, the Statute of Westminster gave Canada control over it’s own foreign policy.” Not only did the battle of Vimy Ridge prove Canada’s nationality, but it also united Canadians into a single unit led by a Canadian Major-
Canada has a central government designed to deal with the country as a whole. Things like national defense, banking, currency, and commerce are controlled by the central government. All other matters are left to the provinces to deal with. Such as education, hospitals, and civil rights are responsibilities of the states. The Canadian Parliament consists of two houses. Their Senate is made up of 104 members who serve until the age of seventy-five.
In the 1500s the Founding Fathers began creating a vision for the United States, an ideal image of how it should run. In developing this vision, they looked to two of the strongest political systems of the past: Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. From ancient Greece the Founding Fathers took the three branches of government, roles of courts and representative government. From Rome the Founding Fathers took the senate and the veto power of both the senate and president. Although both of these ancient civilizations crashed and burned, the Founding Fathers were looking for new ways to intertwine the rights of the people and the political placement of power from one person to all people.
The Prime Minister of Canada, who governs on the “Queen’s behalf,” passes laws using her name and authority. Such as “Her Majesty would like this,” or “Her Majesty requests that,” whereas the Queen is really impartial to the situation. For the reason, some Canadians question the relevance of the Queen’s position in Canada, the Constitution limits her powers in government therefore, she is generally considered as a figurehead only. “The Crown, as an institution, is woven into every line of our constitutional order.” The root of all executive power is the Crown. It is the foundation to our system of laws, Commons, Senate, our courts and legislatures. It is the basis of our system of land tenure, of an impartial civil service and of the Indian treaties. During times of crisis, when it is unclear whole holds the democratic authority, the Queen (or her representative, the governor general) plays a critical role, using her powers and authority to prevent usurpations. After all this evidence, the Crown is still in trouble in Canada. Secure as this position may be in law and impactful to our nation, it continues to lack the affection and loyalty from the people that it rightfully
Outline Canada’s constitutional arrangement. Give a robust and well-supported explanation that outlines its historical origins, principles, and key legislation. (300 words) Canada is a constitutional monarchy where the parliament can make amendments to the constitution. What this means is that the monarch of the U.K. is the formal head of state. In this system, Canada has a constitution but also has some shared powers. In Canada, there are duties where the provinces or the national legislation has autonomy. In 1867, Canada passed the Constitution Act. The Constitution Act established three provinces and defined the structure of the Canadian government. In 1931, the Statue of Westminster