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The effects of colonialism
The effects of colonialism
Western influence in japan 19th century
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What were European motivations and rationale for conquest. How was conquest accomplished? Prior to trying to conquer Japan, Europe had already imperialized many parts of the world but failed to imperialize Japan. However, there were able to make an impact on to Japan’s central government. Back in 1850s-1860s, the Europeans were barely in Japan’s affairs but instead, the United States made a presence there. In the 1850s, the Americans forced Japan to sign and agree with the unequal treaties and that eventually lead to the decline of the Tokugawa government. This also lead to the opening of Japan’s trading ports, creating outstanding debt, and lead to the decline of financial stability. The Europeans slowly went into Japan’s society but trade
did not become prominent until 1862. British soldiers were ignorant of the Samurai’s rule that they could not stay on the main road of Tokaido or they would executed. They were eventually executed and this caused the British to raid Kagoshima and a civil war with the Tokugawa occurred. This caused Tokugawa’s government to decline even more when the British funded the rebellion against the Tokugawa. And with that, modernization and trade bloomed around Japan, not necessary conquest as Europe failed to imperialize Japan. What was the response to European imperialism? Prior to Europe’s “imperialism” on Japan, Japan was isolated and thought they could shut the doors to any coming foreigners. However, tat was not the case when western modernization and trading became prominent in Japan. After the Tokugawa government declined heavily, Europeans, primarily British, increased knowledge in militia and education. The Japanese government required primary school education and encouraged young adults to become regional leaders. Peasants were also able to carry firearms, something that was taboo as samurais were the only ones who could bare arms. However, around the 1860s, British sent textiles to Japan and this caused Japan to lose money as they decreased in silver. In the 1870s Okubo invested in the British’s textiles and became very successful. This bought the loom machines, they offered loans to young entrepreneurs, and in 1873, they were able to lessen capitalism and could compete with the Europe’s industry. Because of their booming increase in the industry, both military and trading wise, they were modernized enough to prevent European imperialism.
Japan, at first, let the newcomers in and learned about them, and let them learn a little from them. However, they didn't have very good experiences, like as portrayed in document twelve, the Japanese thought of the Europeans as arrogant and full of themselves, and the Europeans, like Will Adams in document fourteen, didn't like what the Japanese did, in holding them there when they wanted to leave, and the way they treated the women as completely there just to serve and help the men, as was mentioned in document eleven. The Japanese, as in document fifteen, said that innovations had to be reported, and listed them right next to factional conspiracies, as if they were both equally bad, showing that the Japanese didn't want to advance technologically, and wanted to stick with tradition. The Europeans as we already know, where rapidly advancing technologically, because of their fierce rivals with each other, making Japan dislike them even more. The Europeans, who were trying to spread Christianity as well as become rich, thought that the Japanese would convert quickly, as Francis Xavier wrote in document thirteen, “They see clearly that their ancestral law is false and the law of God true, but they are deterred by fear of their prince from submitting to the...
The United States of America was founded on the basis that we should be a free and independent country from Great Britain and its empire. Rather than simply being a part of its empire, America wanted to become its own country to fend for itself. Great Britain, after the American Revolution, realized that maybe it was the best idea to let America set off and accomplish their own endeavors. After America gained its independence from Great Britain, the Manifest Destiny became a popular idea to follow; it was God’s will for America to expand their land to the West Coast. However, after this was accomplished, Imperialism came about a short time period later. Imperialism is much like the Manifest Destiny, but in a more greedy way. Imperialism is most definitely glorified to seem like a favor America is doing—by becoming an empire—and taking these smaller nations and countries ‘under their wing’ to nurture them and teach them the ways of being a ‘civilized’ person. However, what is the reason for Imperialism being brought about? After claiming from the East to West coast in America, why would they need to expand their area further—other than ‘teaching’ right from wrong to the ‘uncivilized’ people of the world? America’s Manifest Destiny era and America’s Imperialism era definitely have similarities, such as their apparent motives or rewards, but they also have their differences, like their underlying motives and purposes.
Marcus Gravey stated that, “A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.” With that being stated, are the people of the United States, Canada, and Mexico trees without roots? At a young age students learn that Christopher Columbus “sailed the ocean blue in 1492”, a simple song used to assist children remember that America was discovered in 1492. In addition, Thackeray and Findling describe how Columbus’s discovery presented an unimaginable amount of opportunity for Europeans, and therefore, Spanish, French, and later British explores and settlers began to flock to this new world.
Throughout the 19th century, European Imperialism had a major effect on Africa. As countries expanded in terms of wealth, resources, and innovation, more territory and workers were needed. The first solution to solve these problems was to begin colonizing in Africa. The driving force for imperialism in Europe and Africa was mainly economical. This economical approach was established through many ways including cultural and nationalistic ideas.
Imperialistic Europe differed strongly from that of the United States. Europeans focused on Social Darwinism; politicians felt that conquering underdeveloped territories was the best thing for the human race. The United States did not have as strong of views on imperialism that were expressed by Europeans. The United States imperialism differed from Europeans by the lack of pressure to join the movement from neighboring countries, sheer size, and the economic importance of conquering other territories.
The Japanese government believed that the only way to solve its economic and demographic problems was to expand into its neighbor’s territory and take over its import market, mostly pointed at China. To put an end on that the United States put economic sanctions and trade embargoes. We believed that if we cut off their resources and their source of federal income than they would have no choice but to pull back and surrender. But the
The European exploration and colonization resulted in commercial expansion of trade in agricultural products between Europe and America. In some time, colonization resulted in religious tolerance and representative government that have for several years encouraged similar developments in other countries. In addition, early European exploration led to redistribution of human populations as magnitude of people from Europe and Africa moved to America. Before the colonization and exploration period, the Native Americans had established a number of forms of social organization.
Throughout most of the nineteenth century, the United States expanded its territory westward through purchase and annexation. At the end of the century, however, expansion became imperialism, as America acquired several territories overseas. This policy shift from expansionism to imperialism came about as a result of American's experience in the Spanish American War and the Congressional debates that followed the American victory.
In the early 1800’s, Japan had blocked off all trade from other countries. Foreign whaling ships could not even reload or repair their ships in Japan territory. This offended many other countries. In 1852, Matthew Perry was sent to Japan to negotiate open trade. Japan felt threatened by the United States, and gave in to their demands. Japan was frightened by their stipulations, and immediately began to reform. They developed a new education system that was similar to America and Europe’s. They also developed a Western style judiciary system.
During Imperialism, African and Asian continents were viewed as reservoirs of raw materials, labor, and territory for future settlement by industrialization powers of Europe. Colonies were exploited for natural and labor resources, and sometimes for military conscripts. It was between 1945 and 1960 when dozen of states located inside of Asia and Africa achieved independence from their European colonial rulers. Some states achieved independence easily, peacefully, and orderly. Other states achieved independence after protracted revolution of wars against the European overloads. A few countries acquired stable governments; others were not run by governments but were run by military or dictators. Military or dictators ruled the counties for decades and/or were involved in civil wars. In mid to late 19th century European powers colonized most of Africa and Southeast Asia.
Japanese-American economic rivalry in the Pacific was at an all time high when Japan invaded Manchuria. Manchuria had many resources the Japanese needed “They conquered region’s bountiful resources that were then used to supply Japan’s war machine” ( “Pearl Harbor” History.com). After this Japan became an economic threat to the United States in Asia. US President Roosevelt imposed economic sanctions on Japan. The sanctions blocked Japan from exporting products creating economic downturn. After these sanctions were in place Japan joined the Axis powers. Japanese Emperor Shōwa signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy in 1940.
Western impact and influence in Japan started in the 1850s with Commodore Matthew Perry forcing Japan open to trade. When Commodore Perry arrived with his modern warships, the Japanese senior leadership was aware of the technological superiority of the West, and feared military action. Japan’s fear and inexperience lead to the eventual signing
During this time, Japan wanted to expand its colonial empire. Throughout history, the United States have successfully established colonies in the Pacific, and the Japanese leaders felt threatened by this expansion. Due to the industrialization and population growth of Japan, Japanese leaders needed to expand their territories to gain new resources. As a solution, Japan started to expand their horizons in the 1800s, in which Japan gained China, Korea, and islands in the Pacific. This began an imperialistic competition with the United States.
Further, the crisis was far worse than Germany and was exacerbated by tariffs imposed by the United States and the ongoing isolationism. These tariffs also helped to spread the idea that the rest of the world was attempting to slow industrial expansion in Japan. This in turn created ideas of race superiority in Japan and the belief that Americans and Europeans were the enemy who did not wat to see Japan thrive. Like Germany, some in Japan had a superior race mentality; however, the lack of resources spurred Japan to make land grabs in China and Korea. Also, Japan was becoming overpopulated and required more land to spread the population over.
...high power status, Japan had to have a self-reliant industrial common ground and be able to move all human and material resources (S,195). Through the Shogun Revolution of 1868, the abolition of Feudalism in 1871, the activation of the national army in 1873, and the assembly of parliament in 1889, the political system of Japan became westernized (Q,3). Local Labor and commercial assistance from the United States and Europe allowed Japan’s industry to bloom into a developed, modern, industrial nation (Q,3). As a consequence production surplus, and food shortage followed (Q,3). Because of how much it relied on aid of western powers, Japan’s strategic position became especially weak. In an attempt to break off slightly from the aid of the west Japanese leaders believed that it would be essential for Japan to expand beyond its borders to obtain necessary raw materials.