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Chinese dynasties rise and fall
The rise and fall of chinese dynasties
The rise and fall of chinese dynasties
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ang dynasty, which lasted from 618-907, and the Song dynasty, which lasted from 960-1279, formed a golden age in China’s history that formed out of a time of troubles. After the fall of the prosperous Han dynasty in 220, China went into a period of dissolution known as the era of the Six Dynasties, which lasted for over three and a half centuries. During this time, six empires jostled for control in China, and it wasn’t until the Sui dynasty, which lasted from 581-618, that the vast area was reunited. Although it was short, the Sui dynasty laid political and economic foundations for the Tang dynasty, which began to elevate China to, and even above, the level of success that it had achieved during the Han dynasty. The Song era that followed continued and added to this success for much of its lifespan. To attain this prosperous state, the Tang and …show more content…
Song dynasties were both innovative, which is shown through the development of new agricultural, economic, and technological techniques and inventions, and conservative, which is expressed through the continuation of aspects of Han politics and philosophy. Tang and Song innovation resulted in an economy that was greater than that of Han China.
To begin, the early conquests of the Tang in central Asia reopened the Silk Road trading routes that allowed international contacts. At the same time, the fertile lands in the south were continuing to become heavily populated, and new tools, seeds, like Champa rice from Vietnam, use of manure, soil preparation, and irrigation and cropping techniques resulted in a massive expansion in agricultural production. In terms of commerce, new ships, or junks, carried Chinese goods to other areas, an action that did not occur all that often in the past. Furthermore, market areas began to boom as a new sense of commercial organization developed in the late Tang and Song periods; markets sold local farm, artisan, and foreign products as the use of banks, credit, and, for the first time, paper money expanded China’s commercial system. There were even advancements in general technology, like the construction of new bridges and the introduction of gunpowder, and new art styles, specifically the nature landscapes that were prominent in the Song
era. Innovation was not the only factor that led to the greatness of the Tang and Song dynasties, however, as conservation and the continuation of Han principles heightened the dynasties’ political and intellectual life. With the Tang dynasty came the rebuilding of the bureaucracy and the scholar-gentry class that existed in Han China. With the added ministries and institutionalized examination system, which was also present in the Han era, the Tang, and then the Song, reestablished and flourished under the successful bureaucratic control of China. The revival of Confucian thought was also notable, as the neo-Confucians of the Song period brought back the classic Confucian thought and philosophy from the Han era, which greatly impacted the intellectual activity of the empires that followed. A sense of conservation is also apparent in the dynasties’ import and export habits, as they continued to import luxuries, like spices, and export manufactured items. Equally important, the male dominance that Confucianism brought in earlier times was still prominent in the Tang and Song periods, and was even backed by laws that gave men advantages in terms of divorce and inheritance. Therefore, the Tang-Song era was both a time of innovation and conservation.
The fall of the Shang dynasty ended the river valley society in China, and made way for the beginning of developed civilization in China. After the collapsed Shang dynasty came the Zhou dynasty, which began in 1029 BCE and flourished until 700 BCE, but it did not officially collapse until 403 BCE. Following that came the period of political disintegration and unease, known as the Era of the Warring States, from 402 BCE to 222 BCE. Finally, the Qin dynasty arose in 221 BCE and brought order back to China, however this did not last, and the dynasty fell in 207 BCE. Revolts over the Qin emperor’s death broke out, and it was the rise of the Han dynasty that restored China’s political
Ancient china was a dynasty, a dynasty is a family that rules a civilization for years. I am choosing to compare the shang and tang dynasties in the period of decline. First off the similarities, my first similarity is that both ignored the needs of the poor. you might be asking why is the poor so important? Well without the poor they would have a very bad economy and a bad economy causes chaos and eventually leads to a rebellion by the chinese citizens. Another similarity between the shang and the tang is that they both had a very bad economy is because of the poor not being taken care of because in china there were mostly poor and merchants so since the poor being most of the population they lost a lot of the people. Now the differences,
In the Dynastic cycle, the Shang and Zhou Dynasties of ancient China showed similar periods of decline. They had both similarities and differences. Both Dynasties had an authoritarian type of government, Which means that they both have one main ruler with lots of power that gives only a little power to the government. Starting off, there were many similarities between the Shang and Zhou dynasties. During their rule, both Shang and Zhou leaders started ignoring the needs of the people and not only the poor. Both leaders only cared about their wealth and not the problems of the people. They started giving only a little money to the wealth. Well, both Dynasties were similar in some way they also had some differences. After Shang rulers started
The Qin and Zhou Dynasties were very much alike In their economy and geography but there style of government is what set them apart. Geographically the Qin and Zhou dynasties were both located in the Northeast part of China. They both were very successful in agriculture because of the fertile soil from the Yellow River. However the
Especially, the big rise in science and technology as well as attaining such great progresses in agriculture and economy were some of the most remarkable ones. At that time, the improvement in agriculture technology made a great account to the rapid increase in population which due to a stronger dynasty. In the other hand, it had a strong relation to the rise in population; the more developed the agriculture, the higher number of people in a society grew up, which later then demanded an innovation in agriculture to serve (McDougal 325). As a respond to that, people in the dynasty adopted the advanced cultivating method from Vietnam to help them increasing their rice productivity (McDougal 325). Concurrently, with the aid of the government, the agriculture technology of the Tang and Song took a big s...
Throughout history, and in many nations and empires throughout time, governments are affected by religions of different kinds. Religion has been an integral component of humanity, as a way to search answers to existential questions that they might have as well as possibly giving a reason as to why the things they saw happen occur, mostly in older religions. Religion is used by people in power to govern the citizens of their nations on a basis of that religion, as a way to set the foundations of the rules and regulations that must be followed. The Han Dynasty and the Gupta Empire during the classical ages of China and India, respectively, are examples of how their emperors used religion to exert control and shape their nation. The methods in
Similarly to many ancient societies, the Chinese dynasties and societies flourished along the fertile land around rivers. The societies were based on agriculture, and engaged in trade networks along the Silk Road. The societies were ruled by semi-divine monarchies, with a class system. Unlike many of the other ancient societies, China’s rulers were chosen by The Mandate of Heaven, thus creating the dynastic cycle. China began to spread it’s ideals and products along the Silk Road, therefore influencing societies such as Persia, Greece and Rome.
Today we can look around ourselves and see thousands of technical innovations that make life easier; But if we take a step back and ask ourselves “How?” we will soon realize that most often, these technological advancements did not just “poof” into existence, but are usually the outcome of building upon yesterday’s technology. If we follow this cycle back into time, we can attribute almost any modern day invention to an ancient civilization during its golden age. China was no exception. China’s Song and Tang dynasties fostered scientific advances comparable to Rome’s during its Pax Romana. The most significant and impacting of these were the development of primitive gunpowder and porcelain of the Tang and paper money, and the magnetic compass of the Song Dynasties. Although these may seem very far off, if you look hard enough, you can see traces of their impacts in society today because most of the advancements today we owe to them.
One of the eras of a majestic ancient civilization that has left a lasting impression upon the world of today is the Chinese Song Dynasty. Established by General Zhao Kuangyin this dynasty lasted from 960–1279 AD and brought a new stability to China after many decades of civil war, and ushered in a new era of modernization. It was divided into the Bei (Northern) and the Nan (Southern) Song periods. This brilliant cultural epoch gave birth to major advances in economic reform, achievements in technology, and helped to further medical knowledge.
The Han Dynasty governed China for more than four hundred years. It rose to power in 206 BC and stayed until 220 AC. The Han Dynasty played a vital role in China’s development. This dynasty pioneered a political system and social structure that lasted in China for almost 2,000 years. The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were considered two of the most strongest civilizations at that time. The Roman Empire lasted from 27 BC to 393 AD. This empire changed the way Romans lived. The Romans made rapid advancements in science and technology. Both of these civilizations successfully took control of their countries. While they both have an abundant amount of similarities, they is an overwhelming amount of differences that set these two empires apart. The decline of these two civilizations were both caused by internal affairs. The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire both ruled close to the same time span, they both had highly centralized political systems, and they both were the most advanced civilizations in their region of the world. Their similarities did not overshadow their differences however. The Roman Empire had a senate that served as their legislative body and in China, the emperors ruled over the city. The Han Dynasty implemented national equality, and used Confucianism thoughts to keep the country united, while the Romans divided their citizens into different social classes and kept ethic discrimination. While both civilizations had strong social class separators, the Roman Empire made their’s more apparent. Both civilizations were strong and advanced for their time, however, they both ruled their countries differently.
Major changes in political structure, social and economic life define the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. Each period laid the foundation for the next, with changes and improvements to create a new order.
The Song Dynasty (960-1279) was a ruling dynasty in China. This dynasty is divided into two periods: Northern Song and Southern Song. Social life was vibrant in the Song dynasty. Literature and knowledge were enhanced by wood block printing and movable type printing. Confucianism infused with Buddhist ideals emphasized a new organization of classic texts brought out the core doctrine of Neo-Confucianism. The civil service examinations became more prominent in the Song period. Administrative sophistication and complex organization was during this era. Song Dynasty was prosperous in many respects of the society. Even though this dynasty was technologically and culturally advanced, Song people were not militarily powerful.
recover these lands so they were forced to make peace with the Khitans and the
The Han Dynasty, the amazing Chinese era to have said to unified China for over 400 years old. This era in China’s history began in 206 B.C when a rebel armies rose up against the Qin army. One rebellion, led by Chen Sheng and Wu Kuang was later joined by Xiang Liang, Xiang Yu, Ying Bu, and Peng Yue joined forces with Liu Bang. The people of the Qin Dynasty were unhappy under the rule of Qin Shihuang who was ran his empire with an iron fist. His rule was absolute and disagreeing was punishable by death, though Emperor Qin was the one who to end the Warring States as well as complete the conquering of China in 221 B.C, thus expanding the Chinese state. After the takeover, Liu Bang took the name as Emperor of China and changed his given name to Emperor Gaozu and the Qin laws were abolished.
The Tang and Song Dynasties are both pertinent to China’s development. During the Tang period, which is also considered the “Golden Age”, art and literature was embraced and thrived. During the Song Dynasties, many technical inventions allowed China to grow as a nation, and emerge as one of the greatest nations in the medieval world. Both dynasties played a key role in the history of China.