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History of the peloponnesian war sparknotes
History of the peloponnesian war sparknotes
History of the peloponnesian war sparknotes
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The Peloponnesian War, Athens Vs Sparta. Sparta Strength and military power. Athens fast growing power. Who will win the Peloponnesian War? Here are some facts about the wars. The war lasted about 27 years, and ended in a victory for Sparta. The war was between Athens and Sparta. Thucydide, a greek historian who lived during the peloponnesian war, said the war was because of the Athenian empire and its fast growing power.
There were three wars: The Archidaminam War, The Peace of Nicias, and The Decelan of Ionian. In total these 3 wars lasted 27 years. The Archidaminam War, (431-421 B.C.E) was named this because Archidamus, the Spartan King who had led annual attacks on Athens. He had forced a surrender, but the Athenian navy successfully defended. The second war The Peace of Nicias, (421-413 B.C.E) was arranged by Athenian commander Alcibiades persuaded Athens to attack the Peloponnesian league in
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(418). Both of the attacks were unsuccessful. The third and final war was the The Decelean of Ionian War (413-404), this war ended in a victory for Sparta and a victory of The Peloponnesian War. Sparta, the capital of Laconia, was at one time the most powerful City-State in Ancient Greece. Sparta was famous for its strong military power and loyal soldiers. The great honor that could come to a Spartan Warrior was to die in defense of our country. Endurance, A scorn of luxenes, and unveiling firmness are still spoken of as Spartan virtues. Sparta won the war and remained the the most powerful until (371B.C.E) when they lost power to Thebes. Athens, lost position as a cultural center an (529A.D), when Byzantine emperor Justinian closed the city schools of philosophy.
Nor were the democratic Athenians comfortable with the artificial collision of oligarchical armored farmer. In the wake of the Persian Retreat (479B.C.E) Athens fleet increased. Nurtured on the tribute of vassal states in Aegean, Athens did not mothball its triremosi instead, they became a “beginning”. Police force of sources for its Greek subject allies overseas. Like some Spartans, imperial Athens too saw little needs to limit warfare to a single afternoon.
In conclusion, Athens and Sparta, both powerful Greek City-State. The Archidaminam War, The Peace of Nicias, and The Decelan of Ionian. In total these 3 wars lasted 27 years.Sparta, the capital of Laconia, was at one time the most powerful City-State in Ancient Greece. Thucydide, a greek historian who lived during the peloponnesian war, said the war was because of the Athenian empire and its fast growing power. Sparta won the war and remained the the most powerful until
(371B.C.E).
There is no coincidence that the rise of Athenian Democracy goes chronologically hand in hand with the rise of the Athenian Navy. Following the defeat of the Persians by the Greeks, Athens’ naval successes allow it to surpass the previous naval power of Corinth; create the Delian league to fund and support this navy; and eventually ruffle enough feathers with their fellow Hellenic neighbours that they inspire the Peloponnesian war. Overall their naval reputation and intimidation comes from the skill of the men who maneuver and command the ships, and the tool they use to wield their power, the Athenian trireme. By looking at the design of the trireme, and the work and numbers put both into the ship and the men that drive it, hopefully both the wealth and skill of the Athenian navy can be appropriately highlighted. In the end, it is this immense power and resources that allow the Athenians to overstep their limits and caused such demoralizing defeats such as the expedition at Syracuse and the eventual loss of the Peloponnesian war, after which they prove unable to grow to the same undefeated sea power they were.
... one another until they were no more. From the Persian War to the Peloponnesian the two states had changed a lot of the years. Starting from their greatest alliance yet first moment of subtle rivalry, the Persian War. Although they were indistinctly competing against one another, without each other they could not have dominated. Then there were the two blows to the peace treaty. The first blow being the Athenian assistance in the battle between Corinth and Corycra. The second blow being the idea to burn Corinth’s town down. Although these were remarkable mistakes the Athenians saw nothing wrong with them. Lastly, was the war. In 431 B.C. the Peloponnesian War broke out between the two allies, after all they had been through, their alliance was over. War was bound to happen, although they lived in tranquility for so long, one or the other was destined to break out.
The Peloponnesian War and the Decline of Leadership in Athens Thucydides set out to narrate the events of what he believed would be a great war—one requiring great power amassed on both sides and great states to carry out. Greatness, for Thucydides, was measured most fundamentally in capital and military strength, but his history delves into almost every aspect of the war, including, quite prominently, its leaders. In Athens especially, leadership was vital to the war effort because the city’s leaders were chosen by its people and thus, both shaped Athens and reflected its character during their lifetimes. The leaders themselves, however, are vastly different in their abilities and their effects on the city. Thucydides featured both Pericles and Alcibiades prominently in his history, and each had a distinct place in the evolution of Athenian empire and the war it sparked between Athens and Sparta.
While Simon Hornblower acknowledges the limitations of the alliance, he is perhaps the strongest proponent of the importance of Persia’s financial support. He recognizes that Sparta’s victory at Notion in 407 was as much the result of poor Athenian leadership as Persian money, and that this financial backing did not prevent the disastrous loss at Arginusai the following year. Despite these statements, Hornblower is adamant that “The Peloponnesian War had been won because of Persian money.” P.F. Rhodes continues this reasoning in A History of the Classical Greek World, 478-323. He contends that Persia’s assistance helped Sparta effectively combat Athens at sea, and allowed them to remain engaged until Athens could no longer continue. These theories all center around the question of why Sparta won the war. However, if we flip our perspective and examine why Athens lost the war, Persia’s money becomes considerably less significant. It is to this examination that we now turn our
Compare and Contrast the Persian War and the Peloponnesian War? Focus on answering the following questions: What led to the beginning of each war? Who were the major parties involved on either side of each of the conflict? At the conclusion of each war, who was victorious? Most importantly, how were the parties involved impacted immediately after each conflict? Why is each war important in the development of Ancient Greek history?
The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.) was a conflict between the Athenian Empire and the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta that resulted in the end of the Golden Age of Athens. The events of the war were catalogued by the ancient historian Thucydides in The History of the Peloponnesian War. Thucydides’ writings showed the ancient Greek belief that there is a parallel between the city-state and the character of its citizens; in order for the city-state to be successful, its citizens must be virtuous. Thucydides did not believe that the true cause of the Peloponnesian War were the immediate policies of the Athenian Empire against the city-states in the Peloponnesian League but rather the fundamental differences in the character of the two city-states
Throughout the Ancient Greek world, there have been many wars and standoffs. However, there has been only one which changed the course of Greek history forever; the Peloponnesian War. Caused by the growing tension between Athens and Sparta, it came and left, leaving only destruction in its wake. The defeat of Athens in the Peloponnesian War caused the downfall of Greece, and the end of the Classical Age.
The Battle of Salamis is said to be one of the most important battles in all of history. It was a naval battle fought between the massive Persian army and smaller Greek army in the Bay of Salamis in 480 BCE. This battle was one of the many battles that were a part of the Greco-Persian war. This paper will explore the events leading up to the battle, the battle itself, including advantages and disadvantages both sides had on one and other, and finally will discuss the affects the result of this battle had on each side. Surprisingly, the much smaller Greek army defeated the Persians at the Battle of Salamis. How did this happen, one may ask? Although the Persians appeared to have the military advantage in this battle, particularly in terms of sheer size and numbers, the Greeks successfully defeated them with the help of their leaders, tactics, and many Persian blunders.
The Peloponnesian War was between the Greek cities of Athens and Sparta due to the growing tensions that continued to grow between the two cities that eventually came to a breaking point. The Peloponnesian War, which can be divided into three phases known as: The Archidamian War, The Sicilian Expedition and The Decelean War, is one of the greatest event in Greek history and an analysis of the causes and effects of this war will give us a better understanding for how the cities of Athens and Sparta came to war and the impact it left behind.
In Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War, Pericles commends the ergon of Athenian heroes, which has placed them in the realm of logos, while directing the Athenians to follow these ideals of logos. The maintenance and continued success of Athens' political establishment relies on the prevalence of polis, rationality and discourse over family, emotion and reckless action. However, the indiscriminate turns of fate and fortune, often place logos in opposition with the base, primal nature of ergon. Both Thucydides and Sophocles recognize that when logos conflicts with the unexpected ergon, the preservation of rationality and unanimity among the citizens of the polis depend on the leadership of a single honest leader. In the History of the Peloponnesian War, Thucydides presents Pericles as a man of logos, whom Athens needs to achieve its full potential as an empire and later to rescue her from disaster. Likewise, Sophocles presents Theseus, in Oedipus Colonus, as the perfect successor of Pericles, who returns Athens to its former glory before the end of the war. In these two examples, we see that the dominance of logos over ergon within a polis lies in the ability and logos of the city’s current leader.
Ancient Greece during the 4th century B.C. was home to the city-states of Sparta and Athens. These two communities were the superpowers of the region during that time. The peloponnesian war between these two states evolved out of a string of events that would lead to years of conflict.
Athens and Sparta fought the Peloponnesian war in Attica mostly, northeast of Peloponnesia, a peninsula named Attica. Athen's had territory in Attica, North of them, Beoetia and Thebes, allied with Sparta, and West of Attica, Corinth, North of Sparta. Due to Athen's aggressiveness, Sparta raided along the Athen's borders as a preemptive strike to antagonize them to start a war. They thought that Athens would then send an army, which would prove Spartan superiority and end the war quickly like most City state wars did. When they did not, Sparta started an invasion into Attica, burning and destroying crops to force the Athen's army out of the city. Sparta expected a short war with Athens, most Greek wars between City states ended quickly. The City states made armies, and fought on a prearranged spot and the best hoplite army would win. The
The battle of Thermopylae was between the Greeks and Persians 480 BC. The Greek force was very small, however they were determined to fight against the huge Persian army. As explained in many historical sources like Encyclopedia Britannica, when during First Persians war the Athenians beat the Persians at the battle of Marathon, the Persians left the Greeks by themselves for next ten years. During those ten years The Persians were fighting a revolt in Egypt, and their king Darius also died during that period. Nevertheless, Darius' son Xerxes settled the Egyptian revolt and began to plan the strategies to conquer Greece.
Because of the tranquil times, the civilization’s society had more time to focus on writing, math, astronomy, and artistic fields, as well as trade and metallurgy. Out of all the city-states of Greece, two excelled over all the rest, Sparta and Athens. Even though they were the most advanced and strong civilizations, they were bitter enemies. While Athens focused mainly on the people’s democracy and citizen rights, Sparta were ferocious and enslaved its original inhabitants, making them unable to leave and kept under a close eye to prevent insurgence (History of Greece:The Golden Age of Greece). Additionally, Sparta had strict and trained soldiers that underwent intense physical exercising and instruction.
This was a war spun up between the continuous fighting between the two largest Greek powers of Athens and Sparta. There is much speculation on what made these two once allied forces collide in the first place, however, research would indicate that Sparta disliked Athens because they became greedy and were attempting to take control of Greece. Prior to the Peloponnesian War of 431 B.C the Athenians and Sparta lived without fighting each other because of a peace treaty that both sides signed called the Thirty Years Treaty, however, the Athenians would soon break that treaty by attempting to invade Corinth who was apart of the Peloponnesian League, which not only had an alliance with but also was headed by Sparta. When the Athenians refused to