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Ancient civilizations and their impact
Ancient civilizations and their impact
Old civilizations
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Rome and Athens. Two great civilizations of ancient times. Yet each civilization governed their people very differently. Because of this, you have to ask yourself: Which was better? Athens was a city-state of present day Greece. Athens ruled it’s people strictly. Women in Athens could not become citizens, and neither could children (Doc A.) Athens, like most Greek city-states, was very mountainous, which caused a smaller number of people to attend the Athenian Assembly, it’s governmental meeting (Doc E). Rome was less strict than Athens, as women and children could become citizens (Doc A). Rome, like the United States, had a Senate. Around 300 people had seats in the Senate at a time (Doc F). The Senate made the laws of Rome. Now for the main question: Which had a better way of governing it's people? After careful consideration on the information given, I have come to a conclusion that Rome had the best way of governing it's people. …show more content…
In the following essay I will explain each of these reasons in detail. The first reason that Rome was better was that Rome gave women and children more rights. They could also become citizens under certain non-strict requirements (Doc A). In Document A, a chart shows who could become a citizen in Athens and Rome. In Athens, only adult males could become citizens, whereas in Rome women, children, and sons of freed slaves could become citizens. The reason that this shows Rome is better is because women can be citizens in the U.S., and we have mostly happy lives with the US’s way of citizenship, so the one closer to our current system is probably
Imagine two countries, so different from each other, that conflicts were inevitable. Athens and Sparta were not countries, however, they were city-states of Greece with many contrasting values. Athens was the city of the arts, reading, and writing. Meanwhile, military was the only thing the on the Spartans’ minds. Athens and Sparta differ in many ways due to their governments, economies, and cultures.
Additionally, both civilizations had systems to keep their members in line, and keep checks on people in power. As explained in Document D, Athens had yearly ostracisms to prevent powerful Athenians from demolishing the democracy, while Rome had two censors who ranked citizens, and could
“A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.” –Marcus Garvey. The U.S. is a combination of many cultures and influences over the centuries and because of this we are alike to many of them. We could name many of these influences: the Greeks, the Chinese Dynasties but the Romans were particularly like us. We might see them as barbaric is some ways but the reality is that the U.S. takes pages from many areas of the Romans, and comparisons could be drawn between both of us. Examples include government, our religions, and in some ways entertainment. The U.S. is much like the old Roman Empire was more than a millennium ago
Athens was one of the largest Greek city states. (Stockton, 4). It was about one thousand square miles (Stockton, 4). Athens was founded in the 8th century BC (Muller). It was at first ruled by the college of archons. (Muller). After a term of one year, the archons became members of the Council of Elders (Muller). The people had a voice in the popular assembly, the Ekklesia (Muller). However, it did not have real power until 600 BC. By then, it was an established institution of Athens (Muller). It became the central policy making body in the 5th century. There were two main governmental bodies, the Assembly and the Council. (Acropolis). The Assembly was responsible for policy making. (Acropolis) The Council was responsible for administration and implementing the Assembly’s policies. Not everyone could participate in Athenian politics. Slaves, resident aliens, and women were excluded.
The United States of America is fast approaching the peak of its existence. Technology has advanced by leaps and bounds and continues to do so and politically the United States is far more advanced than most countries in the world today. The Ancient Roman Empire was also at its peak before coming to a sharp decline, resulting in a fallen world power that to this day is no more than a figment of the past, a shadow that lurks behind the civilizations of today. Per contra, is the United States truly so far apart from this shadow? Or will the same fate come to us sooner than we imagine? Let us examine for a moment just how similar the U.S. and Ancient Rome are to each other, and if the same cataclysmic events that resulted in the fall or Rome could be possible in our own society.
The Roman Republic had an upstanding infrastructure, a stable social system, and a balanced constitution that solidified Rome’s greatness. Regardless of its achievements, however, the Roman Republic owes much of its success to classical Greek cultures. These cultures, in conjunction with the fundamental values of Roman society, certified Rome as one of the most significant powers the world has ever seen.
As shown in Document A, most of the people in Rome had citizenship. But, the people of Rome got citizenship in measured amounts, instead of getting full citizenship. In contrast, Athens granted full citizenship only to those who were fully qualified. As outlined in Document A, “Free, native-born adult males in Rome had citizenship. Free, native-born adult females had citizenship in Rome. Free, native-born children (male and female) also had citizenship, along with the sons of freed slaves.” This means that Rome was more generous when giving citizenship, whereas Athens was more careful about who qualified as a citizen. According to Emperor Claudius (Emperor of Rome in 48 CE), what contributed to the downfall of the Athens was that its leaders
Imagine, that only people in your family were permitted to vote and other people couldn’t, and where people required citizenship. Following citizenship comes with tons of responsibilities and rights. For an example, Rome and Athens both had their concepts of citizenship, they were the first to have a system for citizenship. Well, Rome had this concept called ‘inherited seats’ . Where only people in the family of the senate could become the next senate. On the other hand, Athens had a completely different concept, they decided they should use by lot to select their officials and it would be fair. Rome and Athens had different types of citizenship. They had different concepts and thoughts. In the next few paragraphs, The next few paragraphs will explain why Athens’ citizenship was superior. Athens was superior because they had ostraka(exiles the most powerful person per year) and they used by lot to
Greece, originally ruled by an oligarchy ("rule of the few"), operated under the premise that those selected to rule were selected based not upon birth but instead upon wealth. Eventually, however, Greek government became democratic. Rome, on the other hand, was a republic that elected its officials, and common citizens were not allowed as many opportunities as Athenians to participate in matters of the state. While Greece had branches of government to represent citizens, Rome implemented branches of government to represent different components of society. For example, Rome had authorities to supervise public works projects, administer justice, supervise recreational activities and conduct a census (text). Rome, who, like Greece, was a polytheistic society, also appointed a priest for life who was in charge of the entire state's religion.
The Roman Republic had a better system of citizenship for three reasons. First Rome allowed more diversity. Second, the citizens enjoy better rights. Third Rome was all around kinder to it’a citizens. For a bit of background Rome’s citizenship system allows for all free native born peoples to become citizens this includes men, women, children, and children of free slaves. Rome also allowed peoples of these categories in conquered territories to become citizens. However Rome did not allow slaves or freed slaves to become citizens. Athens on the other hand allowed for free adult males to become citizens additionally every adult male who wanted citizenship had to also be born in Athens, complete the education, and serve two years in the military.
Athens and Sparta were both city-states in Classical Greece. While Athens embraced democracy, Sparta was a dictatorial fierce warrior state. Sparta was a militaristic community, Athens was a freethinking, and commerce minded city-state. Modern societies have modeled their government organizational structure and military discipline practices from lessons learned of these ancient city-states. There is much is to be praised regarding Classical Greece for their courage, their progressive thinking and the birth of democracy. However, I think it is important to remember that in both cases, Athens and Sparta were able to sustain their lifestyle on the backs of countless slaves, non-citizens and women and that there is a darker and less romantic side to the past.
They were originally established with the intent to give most of the power to the people. The power to vote for the leaders and settle issues professionally. Both forms of governments had senates, which represented the people and helped the nations succeed, by not allowing one person to gain complete power like a king or emperor would. They both did not want kings ruling the entire kingdom, so they gave the people more power by allowing them a voice with some form of voting. Power was also given to representatives and officials in the republic and democracy. The Athenians were able to vote for legislation and bills, while the Romans elected officials to vote on the people’s behalf. The Roman’s established an aristocratic republic controlled by only wealthy people, so the power was not shared equally in society. On the contrary the Athenians allowed anyone to be in government as long as they were a male citizen. A form of the executive branch emerged from both systems; Rome had two consuls elected by council and Athens had a council of five hundred men. They both had different regulations on who was able to be a citizen. The Athenians only granted citizenship to native born males, while the Romans gave half citizenship to Italians allowing them to have full rights, but were not able to
In Athens only free, native-born males were granted citizenship. This meant females, children, freed slaves, or people who were native-born could not have the luxury ever holding office in government or to vote. In Rome this was quite different. The empire granted free males, females, children, and sons of freed slaves all to have citizenship. This meant something different for each person who was a citizen because the Roman Republic didn’t offer equal rights. Males could vote and hold public office as well as owning land. The females of Rome could only own land, not vote or hold office. (Document A) This was a better and more effective way for the empire to run because it gave many people chances to have a voice. Although everyone had different rights, Rome offered their citizenship more generously unlike Athens. Overall, Rome was without a doubt had the more preferable
The Roman republic provided many public services. I believe that they made their public services by building and providing things for the people of Rome. As a grade for providing public services, I would give the Romans a high B.
The political system of both Roman empires was based on virtue and the republic was founded with the Senate as the center. The magistrates were elected annually and also had control of the armies. The key to Roman superiority was the patriotism and training and drills.