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Citizenship in the roman empire
Discuss the Roman concept of citizenship
Roman idea of citizenship
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“Citizenship is the chance to make a difference to the place where you belong.” Charles Handy, an Irish philosopher, once said. Throughout time, citizenship was a dilemma for many people. Back in most empires and/or city states, people were labeled as subjects instead of citizens, until two places changed that. Rome and Athens began to give people the glory of becoming a citizen rather than just a subject. Although these two places both offered citizenship, the two were drastically different. Considering the type of citizens allowed, the government type, and each citizens rights, it is certain that Rome had the more superior system. During the Roman Republic, the empire conquered many other civilizations around them known as modern day as England, Spain, France, etc. The many rulers of this republic were smart about their decisions when allowing conquered people to become citizens of the Roman empire. Unlike Athens, the Romans were more generous with their citizenships but in “measured …show more content…
In Athens only free, native-born males were granted citizenship. This meant females, children, freed slaves, or people who were native-born could not have the luxury ever holding office in government or to vote. In Rome this was quite different. The empire granted free males, females, children, and sons of freed slaves all to have citizenship. This meant something different for each person who was a citizen because the Roman Republic didn’t offer equal rights. Males could vote and hold public office as well as owning land. The females of Rome could only own land, not vote or hold office. (Document A) This was a better and more effective way for the empire to run because it gave many people chances to have a voice. Although everyone had different rights, Rome offered their citizenship more generously unlike Athens. Overall, Rome was without a doubt had the more preferable
In reference to Rome, Athens’s citizenship system was less accepting by only allowing free, native born males to nationalize. While this aspect was considered a drawback by the Romans, truthfully it is actually a major tradeoff by Athens. As shown in Document A, Rome was more lenient to upcoming citizens. Although this adds to the power and development of the empire, it also creates holes in its security. Citizens with non-native origins are free to express their hatred and idea of change to the Roman government, by creating a negative cultural diffusion, and contributing to the downfall of Rome. On the other hand, Athens was free from any possible revolts and riots from any non-native Athenians.
Rome was kind of a democy it had it’s flaws but by its voting system it makes it a democy. In document C only 2% of Roman’s voted and these votes by the people even though it was few that makes it a democracy. In document C you had to be in Rome to vote which is far because they wouldn’t want an outsider to vote on things that were going on in Rome. In document B poor rich and the freed slaves could vote and for it’s time that is amazing that the poor and the freed slaves could vote. Rome definitely had it’s flaws but for it’s time it was a good democracy but in our fews we don’t think the Rome Republic was a good democy at all.
The Romans were a powerful civilization and had one of the largest and greatest empires of all time. Their vast civilization allowed for the integration of many different types of people into one large country, no weak and certainly no ill-advanced civilization could do such a thing. The Romans were responsible for the near destruction of Christianity, killed its savior, then embraced it.
In essence, the Roman Republic had incorporated from the Spartan constitution but had reformed it in the way that it had taken away what faults they had. The Roman Republic had taken the idea of unifying the people of the country with both “courage and high morality,” “combined in one soul or in one state,” to make it difficult to be overcome by enemies (Page 146). due to the forceful rule of Sparta, the Helots surrounding the Spartan polis decided to break free and revolt. This allowed for the larger powers to capitalize on the weakened infrastructure and leave Sparta defenseless since they could not fend off both forces. Moreover, a key to the success of the Roman Empire was also the downfall of the Greek city-state Sparta. On behalf of the neighboring powers, Sparta they had ruled over them to work the land under slavery. In contrast, the Romans had let the surrounding landowners and city-states to govern autonomously without taxes or any tribute payments and had only required for the people to be loyal to the Roman Republic and contribute troops to Rome’s armies. This allowed for the size of the Roman republic to grow alongside with its army all under one rule. Furthermore, a settler might forfeit its Roman citizenship to land in a new colony and consolidate Italy under the rule of the Roman Republic. Additionally, these roman citizen colonies were smaller in size but would protect the coasts from any invading naval armies, creating a widely system of
As shown in Document A, most of the people in Rome had citizenship. But, the people of Rome got citizenship in measured amounts, instead of getting full citizenship. In contrast, Athens granted full citizenship only to those who were fully qualified. As outlined in Document A, “Free, native-born adult males in Rome had citizenship. Free, native-born adult females had citizenship in Rome. Free, native-born children (male and female) also had citizenship, along with the sons of freed slaves.” This means that Rome was more generous when giving citizenship, whereas Athens was more careful about who qualified as a citizen. According to Emperor Claudius (Emperor of Rome in 48 CE), what contributed to the downfall of the Athens was that its leaders
The steps to becoming a Canadian citizen are comprised of several components. The fact of the matter is that citizenship does not end when an individual obtains the documents that enable them to participate within civic duties and responsibilities. Based on the evidence of expert T.H. Marshall, within his academic essay entitled “Citizenship and Social Class”, the formation of social citizenship “promised greater economic equality, improvements in social welfare, services and education, and the opportunity for individuals to "share to the full in the social heritage and … live the life of a civilized being according to the standards prevailing in the society” (Marshall 1964). Social citizenship is also attributed as the basis of all forms of citizenship, yet is often debated whether it is currently possible and exercised by those of who it would benefit. According to the principles of T.H. Marshall’s literary work, social citizenship is active, as demonstrated through: the four core aspects citizenship, the basis of social policy, and the resulting actions taken by governing bodies.
There is a fundamental difference between a democracy and a republic as it concerned the political entitlement of the citizenry. The citizens of a republic do not participate directly with governmental affairs. The citizens of a republic can however have a say in who does participate. The Roman republic has two prefect systems to prevent dictatorship which didn’t work.
All of these are important reasons that contributed to the immigrants in the New World in becoming Americans. However, answer D: common faith in democracy and freedom, is crucial. Answer A is true in the effects that they wouldn’t have been here without the physical separation, but that has nothing to do with them being Americans versus translated, or as I like to think of it, displaced Europeans. Answer B is an imperative part as well. But considering that the phrase “wall of separation between church and state,” as written by Thomas Jefferson in a letter, would be coined in 1802, the shared religious devotion would not remain the same. Yes, they believed in God, but that’s not what made them Americans, considering they would soon allow all
As the story goes, Rome was founding in 753 B.C. by two brothers Remus and Romulus who were raised by wolves. The two brothers started fighting over the leadership of the land. Eventually Romulus killed Remus and took control own his own. The city was only a small settlement at that time. As the civilization grew, the Etruscans took over. The Romans drove out the Etruscans in 509 B.C. By this time Rome had become a city. As the empire came to its peak it included lands throughout the Mediterranean world. Rome had first expanded into other parts of Italy and neighboring places during the Roman Republic, but made wider conquests and made a strong political power for these lands. In 44 BC Gaius Julius Caesar, the Roman leader who ruled the Roman Republic as a dictator was assassinated. Rome descended into more than ten years of civil war. After years of civil war, Caesar's heir Gaius Octavius (also known as Octavian) defeated his last rivals. In 27 B.C. the Senate gave him the name Augustus, meaning the exalted or holy one. In this way Augustus established the monarchy that became known as the Roman Empire. The Roman Republic, which lasted nearly 500 years, did not exist anymore. The emperor Augustus reigned from 27 BC to AD 14 and ruled with great power. He had reestabl...
The Roman republic at first tried to protect itself from foreign enemies, not by being defensive, but by going on the offensive and destroying those that had any possibility of threatening the young republic. Once this started it was hard to stop the citizen army’s consisted of hop-lite phalanxs from continuing on with what they were good at; War. With each successful campaign came the spoils of victory, conquered land, expansion, new ideas, art, technology, religion, and so forth. All of these spoils added great wealth and power to the republic, most likely encouraging it in to becoming a empire.
In Document C it says, “In other words, the Athenians were more stingy with their citizenship. The Romans more freely gave it away. But gave it away in measured amounts.” This shows that the Athens were very picky to who they gave political rights and citizenship to. The Roman were very generous about giving citizenship and political rights but they also gave it equal amounts. The Romans based one’s privileges and benefits of citizenship by a list of requirements for example they would be based on their wealth, heritage, administrative competence, and e.t.c. In Document D it says, “The censors’ ranking, based on wealth, heritage [family standing], . . . and his military service.” The Athens on the other hand passed a law stating that if the majority of the citizens write the name of a person with the most power they would be exiled from the native land for 10 years. In document D it says, “ And the law is as follows: Each citizen wrote the name of the man . . . to go into exile from his native land for a period of ten
For instance, during Augustus’s reign – at the beginning of the Pax Romana – only men who were in charge of provincials, high-ranking military officers, or city council members could become Roman citizens. Later, however, Marcus Aurelius – the last of the Good Emperors – had changed the laws regarding what it meant to become a Roman citizen. A philosopher and a politician, Marcus Aurelius called himself a “citizen of the world-city… under its laws equal treatment s meted out to all” (Mathinsen 1012). The meaning behind Marcus’s words have been interpreted many ways, but what many scholars have agreed upon is that he applied this philosophy to his policies in regards to Roman citizenship. There are many advantages in regards to being viewed a Roman citizen and so that there was less conflict between the patricians, the plebeians, and the barbarians being assimilated into the new Roman culture. As Roman citizens, those who were once considered barbarians could now own land, open businesses, write wills, and defend themselves in court (Mathinsen 1025-26). Becoming a Roman citizen was made easier than before and by the end of the 200 year Roman Peace period, it was believed that any one barbarian need only be a part of the army to become a Roman citizen (Mathinsen 1022-23) and thus earning the perks that came with identifying as a
They were originally established with the intent to give most of the power to the people. The power to vote for the leaders and settle issues professionally. Both forms of governments had senates, which represented the people and helped the nations succeed, by not allowing one person to gain complete power like a king or emperor would. They both did not want kings ruling the entire kingdom, so they gave the people more power by allowing them a voice with some form of voting. Power was also given to representatives and officials in the republic and democracy. The Athenians were able to vote for legislation and bills, while the Romans elected officials to vote on the people’s behalf. The Roman’s established an aristocratic republic controlled by only wealthy people, so the power was not shared equally in society. On the contrary the Athenians allowed anyone to be in government as long as they were a male citizen. A form of the executive branch emerged from both systems; Rome had two consuls elected by council and Athens had a council of five hundred men. They both had different regulations on who was able to be a citizen. The Athenians only granted citizenship to native born males, while the Romans gave half citizenship to Italians allowing them to have full rights, but were not able to
Years ago, the Romans created one of the biggest and best organized empires the world has ever seen. Throughout their lands, they built towns and roads, and spread their way of life. One of the reasons why their empire was so successful was that, unlike other ancient states, the empire welcomed outsiders. Foreigners could become Roman citizens. At first this was a given as a reward for the loyalty or f...
Ancient Greece was made up of individual city states, known as a Polis, which relied heavily on citizen participation in politics. The idea of self-rule was an entirely new way of governing. Citizenship was unheard of at the time. Although still considered citizens not everybody was allowed to participate. In Athens only adult males who had military training were allowed to vote. The majority of the population, namely slaves, children, metics (free noncitizens) and women were excluded from participation in politics. “[Metics] and women were not citizens and did not enjoy any of the privileges of citizenship.”(Sayre, 137) Athenian citizens had to be descended from citizens, excluding the children of Athenian men and foreign women. Individuals could be granted citizenship in to Athens by the assembly this was usually as a reward for some service to the state. Ancient Greece paved the way for the representative democratic style of government that is practiced by many countries today. Much like how voting rights started out in America, originally only the wealthy land owners were allowed to vote and call themselves citizens, but soon all men were allowed to have a vote and a voice in their states politics. Essentially the Greeks were the first to introduce citizen rights and freedom similar to what’s seen today.