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Recommended: Use of comedy
In a general sense morality refers to the ability to decipher the difference between good and bad or right and wrong behavior (Webster). Morality has shown itself to be an ever-present theme throughout the life of theatre. By incorporating morality into theatre it gives the audience an opportunity to not only be entertained, but also allows the audience to gain a life lesson through a non- threatening and easily understood approach. Morality within theatre has its roots within Tragedy and Morality Plays, however as comedy continued to develop from early Greek comedies to Comedia dell’arte, all the way to Moliére it showed to have an increasingly effective voice when speaking to the masses. The ability of comedy to translate a given moral or life lesson was greater than that of tragedy because of its happy endings, and satirical manner; thus making it more engaging to the audience while still having the power to effectively convey a moral, theme, and or life lesson.
This paper will examine comedy’s effectiveness in conveying morals to an audience, by investigating Greek comedy, Comedia dell’arte as well as La Tartuffe by Moliere. Utilizing these examples will allow for a better understanding of the efficiency of comedy’s ability to communicate a life lesson to a given audience.
Ancient Greek comedy was an influential and remarkably popular form of theatre. Making it was one of the “three principal dramatic forms” classical Greek theatre (the others having been both tragedy and satyr) (Csaspo 27). The development of Greek comedy divided it’s self into three periods, Old Comedy, Middle Comedy, and New Comedy (Cartwright 1). Due to the lack of artifacts in regards to New and Middle comedy, both forms eventually fade...
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...Library, 2005. Print.
Bellinger, Martha Fletcher. "The Commedia d'ell arte." A Short History of the Drama. N.p.: n.p., 1927. 153-57. Rpt. in Theatre History. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print.
Cartwright, Mark Z. "Greek Comedy." Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p.: n.p., 2013. 1-5. Print.
Ley, Graham. A Short Introduction to the Ancient Greek Theater. Rev. ed. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2006. Print.
Meagher, Jennifer. "Commedia Dell'arte." Heilbrun Timeline of Art History. New York: n.p., n.d. 1-5. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Web. 6 Nov. 2013. .
W.D Howarth, and Ron W. Tobin. "Molière: A Playwright and His Audience." The French Review: 1-2. JSTOR. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. .
...ods come for the free drugs that he offers. Johnny is a man for whom we feel pride, shame and pity all at once but such a contradictory character would be unstable and unpredictable. Aristotle defines tragedy according to seven characteristics. These are that it is characterized by mimicry, it is serious, it expresses a full story of a relevant length, it contains rhythm and harmony, the rhythm and harmony occur in different combinations in different parts of the tragedy, it is performed not narrated and that it provokes feelings of pity and fear then purges these feelings through catharsis the purging of the emotions and emotional tensions. The composition of a tragedy consists of six segments. In order of relevance, these are plot, character, thought, diction, melody, and performance. For a comedy the ending must be merry. Instead Jerusalem ends in death.
Snyder, Susan. "Beyond the Comedy: Othello" Modern Critical Interpretations, Othello Ed. Harold Bloom, Pub. Chelsea House New Haven CT 1987. (page 23-37)
Aside from all the prodigious number of Greek tragedies in history, stands a collection of Greek comedies which serve as humorous relief from the powerful overtone of the tragedy. These comedies were meant to ease the severity and seriousness sometimes associated with the Greek society. The ideas portrayed in the comedies, compared to the tragedies, were ridiculously far-fetched; however, although abnormal, these views are certainly worthy of attention. Throughout his comedy, The Clouds, Aristophanes, along with his frequent use of toilet humor, ridicules aspects of Greek culture when he destroys tradition by denouncing the importance of the gods' influence on the actions of mortals, and he unknowingly parallels Greek society with today's. Aristophanes also defiantly misrepresents an icon like Socrates as comical, atheistic, and consumed by ideas of self interest, which is contradictory to the Socrates seen in Plato's Apology or Phaedo.
This production embraced more than just Greek and Elizabethan conventions, also incorporating elements of French Neoclassical comedy. It also demonstrated the survival of many elements of comedy, farce, and satire such as character types, repetition, derision, verbal wit, and slapstick. The production did not adhere to only one theatrical age, but it combined conventions from Greek, Elizabethan, and French Neoclassical
[8] Brown, Frederick. Theater and Revolution: The Culture of the French Stage. New York: Viking, 1980. Print.
...seen were Moliere applied Commedia and were made to fit in the French form in the The Imaginary Invalid. The French had a tight hold upon theater in the 16th and 17th centuries. It was seen as political propaganda and anything that was put on the stage was heavily criticized. Moliere, being a prominent playwright, had to endure these criticisms. Moliere was greatly influenced by this form of theater, and it can be seen where he used it and where he applied Neo Classicism, the other popular art form. By looking at his three most famous plays, Tartuffe, The Misanthrope, and The Imaginary Invalid, through Commedia Dell’ Arte, with the characters, plot line, the authorship or structure, it can be seen where Moliere had his influence and when it was applied. “The tradition in playing Moliere is preserved in France by the Comedie Francaise” (Bertram-Cox,am-cox, 301).
Corrigan, Robert W. Classical Tragedy, Greek and Roman: 8 Plays in Authoritative Modern Translations Accompanied by Critical Essays. New York, NY: Applause Theatre Book, 1990. Print.
"Thomas R. Martin, An Overview of Classical Greek History from Mycenae to Alexander, The Development of Athenian Tragedy." Perseus Digital Library. 14 May 2009 .
Myers, H. A. (1949). Aristotle's study of tragedy. Educational Theatre Journal, 1(2), 115. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1290192594?accountid=12085
Snyder, Susan. "Beyond the Comedy: Othello" Modern Critical Interpretations, Othello Ed. Harold Bloom, Pub. Chelsea House New Haven CT 1987. (page 23-37)
Russell Brown, J. 1995. The Oxford Illustrated History of the Theatre. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
A satirical comedy is an attempt to ridicule a certain aspect of government, religion, or another aspect of society to bring about change through the use of comedy to lighten the blow. Tartuffe is a prime example of a satirical comedy. Molière used this play to point out one of the biggest flaws of organized religion during his time, religious hypocrisy. Although he may not have directly intended it to be about the Catholic Church, it was interpreted by them as such so they made the king ban it for a period of time. By making it into a play, Molière was able to reach a larger audience. People tend to enjoy plays more so due to their quick, lively nature. Plays are always changing, and they are stories being brought to life. A reader may not be interested by a short story or novella, but a play could be the very thing to draw in their attention. Molière was able to reach more people by making this into a play, therefore making the problem of religious hypocrisy more widely
Greek and Elizabethan theatre, while similar in some respects, had a few large differences. The Greeks believed in a certain unity of theme, which was prevalent throughout the production. Greek plays were often drawn from myth or of historical significance, so it seems that only ki...
A tragedy is defined as beginning with a problem that affects everyone, i.e. the whole town or all the characters involved, the tragic hero must solve this problem and this results in his banishment or death [run-on sentence]. A comedy is defined as also beginning with a problem, but one of less significant importance. The characters try to solve the problem and the story ends with all the characters uniting in either a marriage of a party. Although these two genres are seen as being complete opposites of each other, through further analysis one can gather that though they are different certain similarities can also be seen.
Whether told through plays in front of an audience; stories before bedtime; or even jokes over a glass of beer, comedy as a literary form has existed for thousands of years and will continue its influence over cultures all over the world for thousands of years to come. Comedy has taken many forms, with some even defining certain eras in comedic literature. For example, most comedy of manners are directly aimed at making fun of the hypocritical aristocrats of 19th century England. One of these works, The Importance of Being Earnest, derives almost all of its comedy from the ridiculing and exposing the societal characteristics of the upper class.