Cold War Anti Imperialism

Time Period VI Key Terms
Anti-Imperialism: Opposition towards powerful countries extending their power and influence on other countries through diplomacy or military force.
Often times this led to rebellion. A prominent example is the Belgians in the Congo.
Anti-Semitism: Prejudice against Jews and the political, social, and economic actions taken against them.
Anti-Semitism was spread by Hitler during War World II, leading Jews to migrate to Palestine.
Anti-War Movements: Opposition towards armed conflicts and the promotion of peace.
Anti-War movements erupted after World War I and World War II.
Apartheid: A South African policy of complete legal separation of the races.
Includes the banning of all social contacts between blacks and whites.

Appeasement: British and French policy in the 1930's that tried to maintain peace in Europe in the face of German aggression by making concessions.
The Western Countries disregarded the actions of Hitler which inevitably lead to his rise.
Authoritarianism: A political system of government where a small group or single ruler has absolute control.
Authoritarian governments declined worldwide after the second world war.

Cold War: A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union.
The U.S and the Soviet Union never directly fought each other., The war was fought through proxy wars.
Collectivization: Creation of large state run farms rather than individual holdings
Part of Stalin’s economic and political planning
Communism: Philosophy with the same general goals as socialism, where everyone is equal.
Emphasized the need for violent revolution to destroy the upper-class.
Consumerism: A movement advocating the greater protection of the interests of consumers
Educate buyers about the purchases they make and to demand better and safer products from manufacturers.
Containment: Trying to resist the further spread of communism.
The notion that the US would contain the spread of communism
Cultural Convergence: The contact and interaction of one culture with another
Cultures become more alike as they share technology and organizational structures in the modern world.
Decolonization: Process by which former colonies achieved their independence.
Many new African and Asian nations emerged.
Deforestation: The removal of trees faster than forests can replace

themselves.
Common occurrence in Africa where raw materials are extracted.
Desertification: The process by which formerly fertile lands become increasingly arid, unproductive, and desert-like.
This was a common concern during the Green Revolution.
Dissolution: Looseness in morals and disintegration.
Breaking bonds or breaking up of a group of people
Economic Liberalization: Philosophy that aims to limit the power of the state and increase the power of the market and private property.
This is a common practice within industrialized states.
Fascism: Dictator system that is comprised of extreme nationalism, racism, and no tolerance towards opposition.
Fascism was practiced in Nazi Germany and the rule of Mussolini in Italy.
Feminism: The belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men.
Feminism increased as women became more involved in wars.
Five-Year Plans: Plan implemented by Stalin to industrialize the Soviet Union quickly by setting goals for output which was enforced by the state.
The Chinese mirrored this with the Great Leap Forward.
Free Market Economics: Idealized form of a market economy where buyers and sellers are allowed to transact freely based on a mutual agreement on price without state intervention.
This was a common practice within industrialized states.
Free Trade: The removal of trade barriers (tariffs) so that goods can flow freely between countries.
Created alliances such as NAFTA.
Genocide: Deliberate mass murder of a group.
The Nazis performed a genocide against the Jews and the Roma during World War II.
Glasnost: A policy by soviet Mikhail Gorbachev calling for more openness of the west.
This exposed the USSR to U.S establishments and facilitated globalization.
Global Warming: The emission of greenhouse gases which leads to the heating of the Earth’s environment.
This led to the emergence of environmentalist movements.
Great Depression: The dramatic decline in the world's economy due to a stock market crash, the overproduction of goods from World War I, and decline in the need for raw materials.
This facilitated the rise of Hitler in Germany.
Green Movements: Efforts by citizens to have political leaders formulate policies to protect the environment.
Arose due to growing concerns of global warming.
Green Revolution: Agriculture revolution which foresaw improvement of seeds and fertilizer.

This was implemented to help the rising populations in Africa and Asia.
Greenhouse Gases: Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor,
Contributed towards global warming as the use of fossil fuels continued to rise.
Holocaust: German attempt in WWII to exterminate all Jews in Europe.
A prominent example of ethnic cleansing.
Home Countries: A country in which rules over other countries but not directly.
A prominent example includes the U.K and the common wealth.
Human Rights: The basic rights to which all people are entitled as human beings.
These were rights administered by the UN.
Imperial Metropoles: Homeland or main territory of a colonial empire.
France, Portugal, Great Britain were designated as imperial metropoles.
Indian National Congress: Political party and movement to demand greater Indian participation in government.
This emerged during British Rule of India.
League of Nations: A world organization that was established to promote international cooperation and peace.
The organization was unable enforce their laws and policies.
Mandates: A nation given to another nation by League of

Nations.
Emerged after the outcome of World War I.
Militarized States: States with large number of weapons and troops.
The militarization of Germany, in addition with nationalism, facilitated the outbreak of World War II.
Mujahideen: Rebel group funded by the U.S to fight off the Soviet Union in Afghanistan.
This group turned into the Muslim extremist group known as the Taliban that took control of Afghanistan’s government.
Multinational Corporations: Companies that produce and sell their goods and services all over the world.
Facilitated the spread of globalist ideas.
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance made to defend the U.S and its allies from attacks.
The Soviet Union created the Warsaw Pact as retaliation.
Non-Violence Movements: The principle of resolving or engaging in conflict without resort to physical force.
Mahatma Gandhi made used this method in India.
Nuclear Weapons: An explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions.
Led to the formation of MAD between the U.S and the USSR.
OPEC: Organization that was formed to agree on common policy in the sale of petroleum.
Oil has become a major fossil fuel.
Pacific Rim: Economic and social region surrounding the Pacific Ocean.
The Japanese at some point had great influence and control over this region.
Perestroika: Strategy that involved the social and economic restructuring in the communist USSR towards a market economy.
This exposed the Soviet Union to globalization.
Popular Culture: Cultural traits that are media-influenced by western societies.
This became the basis for globalization and the widespread of ideas.
Population Resettlements: The movement of a large group of people from one region to another.
After World War II, many Jews resettled in Palestine.
Propaganda: Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.
This was a common practice during both world wars and the Cold War.
Proxy Wars: Local or regional war in which superpowers armed and trained combatants.
The Cold War was fought through proxy wars.
Refugee: The displacement of an individual as a result of war or government persecution within the country.
Many Jews became refugees during World War II.
Regional Trade Agreements: Reduction of trade barriers between certain regions.
Prominent examples include NAFTA, ASEAN, and the EU.
Religious Fundamentalism: Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion.
This was used for justification to perform terrorist attacks.
Segregation: The separation of ethnic groups or races based on hatred or racism.
This arose in the U.S and many industrialized states that experienced immigration.
Self-Determination: The belief that the people and the state determine their own future and rely upon themselves.
This arose in many new emerging African states.
Soviets: Citizens and political leaders who were members of the Communist rule of the USSR.
The Soviet Union fell in the 1990’s after the succession of poor leadership.
Superpowers: The name used for the US and the Soviet Union.
After the fall of the USSR in the 1990’s, the U.S remained as the sole superpower.
Terrorism: A form of protest through the use of violent attacks.
This arose in middle eastern countries as opposition towards globalization and western countries increased.
Third World: Developing countries that have not yet become industrialized.
Many new African, Asian, Latin American countries became Third World states.
Totalitarianism: A dictatorship where a small group of people or one sole individual holds all the power.
This became a common practice within middle eastern states.
United Nations: Like the League of Nations, but present day and more effective.
The UN was able to enforce their policies unlike the League of Nations.
Warsaw Pact: Alliance created between the USSR and the communist countries it ruled over.
This was created as a response to NATO.
Women’s Suffrage: The right of women to vote.
Emerged as women held more roles within the economy, especially during wars.