Co-Occurring Disorders The term ‘dual diagnosis’ refers to people who suffer from grave mental illness and have problems with drugs or alcohol to the extent that their mental and physical health is affected. The condition of substance misuse disorder does not entail that there is dependence or an addition rather it defines a spot where the person’s use of drugs or alcohol has become problematic and it impairs the person’s tone of spirit and their ability to work as part of a community. Some reasons that people who are mentally ill drink and get hold of drugs include they are self-medicating, to normalize entry into social groups, to run away or to disengage because their spirit is difficult so they why would rather be “numb” than deal with their troubles. In this paper I will cover the following topics substance abuse’s role in offending behaviors, challenges for both client and clinician’s perspective, interventions and techniques that can be used with this population and some research findings. Substance Abuse role in offending behavior Conduct Disorder (CD) appears to be linked with substance abuse disorders (SUD) among adolescents when compared to other mental disorders within this population. There is a strong correlation between childhood diagnosis of CD because of environmental and genetic factors and is more common among boys than girls when there is a positive parental history of SUD. Pagliaro & Pagliaro (2012) have indicated that a dual diagnosis involving CD may be mediated among adolescents with childhood A-D/HD by the factor of deviant peer affiliation and co-morbidity of CD or of ODD is at an increased risk for developing a peer-mediated SUD during adolescence. The National Coalition against Domestic Violence prov... ... middle of paper ... ... Somerset, New Jersey: Wiley Mangrum, L., Spence, R., & Steinley-Bumgarner, (2006). Gender Differences in Substance-Abuse Treatment Clients with Co-occurring Psychiatric and Substance-Use Disorders. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 6 (3), 255 - 267 National Coalition against Domestic Violence (n.d.). Domestic Violence and Substance Abuse. Retrieved June 4, 2014 from http://www.ncadv.org/files/SubstanceAbuse.pdf Pagliaro, L. & Pagliaro, A. (2012). Handbook of Child and Adolescent drug and substance abuse: Pharmacological, Developmental, and Clinical Considerations. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley and Sons, Inc. Rassool, G. (2008). Dual Diagnosis Nursing. Chichester, Great Britain: Wiley Sacks, S., Chandler, R., & Gonzales, J. (2008). Responding to the challenge of co-occurring disorders: Suggestions for future research. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 34(1), 139-146
Fortinash, K. M., & Holoday Worret, P. A. (Eds.). (2012). Substance-related disorders and addictive behaviors. Psychiatric mental health nursing (5th ed., pp. 319-362). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.
McGovern, M. P., PhD, & Carroll, K. M., PhD. (2003). Evidence- base Practices for Substance Use Disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. Retrieved from http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dcare/pdfs/fp/McGovernMark-Evidence-BasedPractices.pdf
Conceptualizing Co-Occurring Disorder Co-occurring disorders are terms that can be very broad and can describe different conditions that happen or occur at the same time. For the purpose of this essay and from the mental health perspective, co-occurring disorders refer to someone who has a substance use disorder such as alcohol or drugs, and also has a mental disorder such as depression or any other mental illness. According to a study conducted in 2014 by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), adults 18 and over who were surveyed reported having substance use and/or mental illness. “Of these, 7.9 million people had both a mental disorder and substance use disorder” (SAMHSA, 2016). This essay will provide general history information about co-occurring disorders, how the term came about, treatment integration and the quadrants, as well as a personal view on the use of the co-occurring term.
It has been established substance control is a far more feasible short-term goal than outright eradication. With this ideology, the premise of one’s analysis will be on substance abuse control methodologies, gauging effectiveness and overall success in achieving its purpose. The harm reduction model is the most prevalent ideology within the large spectrum of substance control methods, defined by the Centre for Mental Health and Addiction as any program or policy designed to reduce drug-related harm without requiring the cessation of drug use. In essence, instead of adhering to the conventional eradication style practices aforementioned, this style focuses on helping the offender cope with their mental illness. This not only encourages offenders to take active participation within their treatment, but makes them the directors of their own rehabilitation, using their own will power to gauge treatment.
When dealing with homeless substance abusers; case managers have seen improved outcomes when dealing with high risk behaviors by using a combination of services to help the client. Quality of life can be improved by focusing on living conditions, reducing psychiatric symptoms, improving occupational functions, social stability, and parenting skills (Rapp, 2014). The different approaches that are used to combat these addiction problems with the homeless are low intensity, outreach, clinical, strength based, brokerage, integrated and comprehensive care. These types of models are used and they have been proven to be the most effective; broker, generalist and strengths-based approach (Rapp, 2014). Resources that the substance abuser needs readily available are a safe, stable living environment such as halfway houses, shelter or transitional housing. Peer support groups that involve others that have suffered and worked through addictions by attending Alcoholics Anonymous are important to the client to give hope and support. The case manager 's job is to provide and link the client with needed services, focusing on their strengths and giving solutions to problems that keep them homeless and suffering from addictions. Generalist case management provides the traditional
Conduct Disorder has been a part of the American Psychological Association’s Diagnostic Statistical Manuel (DSM) since its original release date in 1994. Although, there is new information about the disorder that was previously unknown, Conduct Disorder is distinguished by a “repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms or rules are violated” (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.) This mild, moderate, or severe antisocial behavior begins to appear either in childhood, categorized as early-onset conduct disorder , or in adolescence after ten years of age, classified as adolescent-onset conduct disorder (Passamonti et al., 2010.) The criteria to meet to be diagnosed with this disorder are separated into four subgroups: aggressive conduct, nonaggressive conduct, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of the rules. Three or more incidents must be present in the past twelve months with at least one of the characteristics being present in the past six months. This disorder causes severe impairment of functioning across a variety of situations so it is important to keep in mind society and individual situations because this diagnosis may be “misapplied to individuals in settings where patterns of undesirable behavior are sometimes viewed as protective” (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.) For example, a patient that has recently relocated from a war torn country would most likely not be a candidate for Conduct disorder even though he or she may exhibit some of the characteristics.
The data set used for this research was found using the Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) website. The data set was called National Mental Health Services Survey (N-MHSS) 34945. The website is part of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive (SAMHDA) and is a result of research and data collection done by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, and the Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality.
I do agree with the co-occurring disorders can be hard to diagnosis because of the symptoms. The consequences in your post does describe many of the women in our homeless shelter. They exhibit dual mental health disorders and have been untreated for many years. The sad thing about those ladies you can’t get them to realize something is not right within their thinking process and behavior. The best thing about it help is being given and their path to self-sufficient and well-being is now a reality. Good
Dual diagnosis is a term used to describe people who have a problem with or an addiction to drugs and/or alcohol and also have a mental illness such as depression or bipolar disorder. The relationship between substance abuse and mental illness is very complex because drugs and alcohol are often used as a kind of self-medication for people who suffer from mental disorders. Nearly 10 million Americans have co-occurring mental health conditions and substance abuse disorders (SAMHSA Report, 1996, Primm, n.d.). Research shows that those with a dual diagnosis result in worse or more undesirable outcomes than those with single diagnosis. Dual diagnosis is usually assessed by a very structured set of questions that help to assess any mental illness
The contrast between the mental health and substance abuse systems regarding convictions, preparing, conduct, and belief system posture critical boundaries to the viable treatment of co-occurring patients. Mental health regularly has been contended that substance abuse issues are side effects of more deep mental trouble and that when those different issues are legitimately treated, substance abuse problems will decrease or die down. The existence of substance abuse issues and mental health disorders are associated with adverse outcomes of treatment including a decrease in emotional functioning, increased amount of time in treatment, increased depreciation regarding care, increased inpatient stays, and an increase in medical illness from both mental health and substance abuse (Wüsthoff, Waal, & Gråwe, 2014). This conceptualization fortifies a progression in which substance abuse issue and their treatment at times, is viewed as less real and less meriting consideration and assets. In the meantime, the substance abuse treatment field every now and again is belief system driven, and its conflicts with the emotional wellness field on fitting finding and treatment regularly have been
Historically, domestic violence was viewed as only involving physical abuse. However, the more contemporary view of domestic violence has come to include not only physical types of abuse; but as well as emotional, sexual, physiological, and economic violence that may be committed
When you think about a person in treatment for chemical dependency and their willingness to change, no one individual really wants to be told what to do. The more a person is told what they should be doing the more they are going to resist making a change. The more a counselor confronts a chemical dependant client the more they will be less likely to change. The client may even be pushed in the opposite direction so that they will resist change and/or change far less quickly had they not been confronted. Counselors do have an important role in treating chemical dependant clients, with the tone they use, the words they choose, and they style in which they talk to their client, can be affective tools to helping the client resolve their own ambivalence and really decide what they want to do to make a change in their life. An addictive behavior can change, however it is not as easy as brushing your teeth, change comes in stages. As a counselor, it is important to recognize these stages of change in order to assist clients in recognizing and accepting their chemical dependency as well as, helping them make the changes necessary for recovery. “Just as there is no one ‘alcoholic’ or ‘drug addict,’ there is no one ‘tried-and-true’ treatment approach for all clients” (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2008, p. 149). This paper will focus on Motivational Interviewing, Solution-Focused Counseling, and Harm Reduction Psychotherapeutic Approaches.
Substance abuse complicates almost every aspect of care for the person with a mental disorder. When drugs enter the brain, they can interrupt the work and actually change how the brain performs its jobs; these changes are what lead to compulsive drug use. Drug abuse plays a major role when concerning mental health. It is very difficult for these individuals to engage in treatment. Diagnosis for a treatment is difficult because it takes time to disengage the interacting effects of substance abuse and the mental illness. It may also be difficult for substance abusers to be accommodated at home and it may not be tolerated in the community of residents of rehabilitation programs. The author states, that they end up losing their support systems and suffer frequent relapses and hospitalizations (Agnes B. Hatfield, 1993).
There are many ways in which drugs and alcohol can alter or damage the development of the adolescent brain. Firstly, these substances often target and change function of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that permit nerves to communicate at their junctions. Interference with neurotransmitters can directly damage any of the developing neural connections. Secondly, use of these substances alters awareness and may obstruct a human’s developing perceptual skills. Finally, the habits and choices associated with the use of drugs and alcohol slowly become embedded in the brain. Repeated action becomes habit and the habits developed in childhood and adolescence can stay with a person throughout his or her lifetime often leading to drug addiction and
The adolescent brain is a complex entity. The introduction of drugs or mind-altering substances can have a substantial effect on adolescent brain development with long lasting impacts. Narcotics work by targeting, altering and interfering with brains the neurotransmitters. Such interference has been shown to increase addiction potential, which can permanently impair the still developing neural connections, and interfere with the adolescent’s intellectual development. In addition, choices associated with the continual misuse/abuse of become a significant part of the adolescent’s life. These repeated actions and false rewards caused by the pleasurable high becomes a habit, which can be interpreted by the brain as a necessary part of the person’s life.