Clinical psychology aims to understand, treat and prevent psychological distress and dysfunction thus to encourage good health, good adaptive thinking and a healthy lifestyle. People working in this field research into mental dysfunction suffered by the patients, assess their cognitive state of mind and perform psychotherapy to decrease the psychological symptoms and/ or the underlying causes. There are many sub divisions of therapies focusing on different routes of cure/prevention. Biologically, chemotherapy and psychosurgeries are available; but below I will discuss the treatments available psychologically. Psychologically, there are various treatments mainly the psychodynamic and the behavioural approach. The main psychodynamic therapy is psychoanalysis and brief psychodynamic therapy and the main behavioural approaches are the behaviour therapy and behavioural modification. These psychotherapies involve the analyst fully participating to talk and understand the patient’s neurotic symptoms, and therefore decreasing it. The therapist essentially focuses on “Listening and taking part with the client in exploring and experiencing what is going on between them” (Oatley 1984). Some involve group or family therapies; alternatively the main popular type is the individual one to one therapies, such as the psychoanalytic and the behavioural approaches. Psychoanalysis was approached by Sigmund Freud, with the aim “for reaching and radical reconstructing of the personality” (Fonagy 1995), by providing insight of self understanding to patients, with maladaptive behaviours. Freud worked with patients who expressed different symptoms which he investigated to be based on personality differences. This leads to the distinction of thre... ... middle of paper ... ... Heinrichs S. C and Carey R. J (2011) Treatment of addiction and anxiety using extinction approaches: Neural mechanisms and their treatment implications, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 97, pp. 619–625. Maat S., Jonghe F, Schoevers R and Dekker J, (2009) Effectiveness of Long-Term Psychoanalytic Therapy, Harv Rev Psychiatry, 17, pp. 1 – 23. Mechelli A (2010). Psychoanalysis on the couch: Can neuroscience provide the answers? Medical Hypotheses, 75, pp. 594–599. Quirk G. J, Pare D, Richardson R., Herry C., Monfils M. H., Schiller D and Vicentic A (2010), Erasing Fear Memories with Extinction Training, The Journal of Neuroscience, 30, pp. 14993–14997. Vladescu J. C., and Kodak T (2011) A Review of Recent Studies on Differential Reinforcement During Skill Acquisition in Early Intervention, Journal of Applied behaviour analysis, 43, pp. 351–355.
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The procedures leading to the acquisition and elimination of agoraphobia are based on a number of behavioural principles. The underlying principle is that of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus (Weiten, 1998). Eliminating agoraphobia is basically achieving self-control through behaviour modification. Behaviour modification is systematically changing behaviour through the application of the principles of conditioning (Weiten, 1998). The specific principle used here is systematic desensitisation. The two basic responses displayed are anxiety and relaxation, which are incompatible responses. Systematic desensitisation works by reconditioning people so that the conditioned stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety. This is called counterconditioning. Counterconditioning is an attempt to reverse the process of classical conditioning by associating the crucial stimulus with a new conditioned response (Weiten, 1998). This technique's effectiveness in eliminating agoraphobia is well documented.
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Sometimes psychotherapy alone maybe the best treatment for a person, depending on the illness. Other times psychotherapy is combined with medications. The therapists will work alone with the individual or the close family of the client to help compose an appropriate treatment plan. There are different variety’s of psychotherapy that exist. There is no “on size fits all” approach in treating someone with an illness. It truly depends on what the clients needs are, some people may have a treatment that includes only one type of psychotherapy, and other treatments may include several different types of psychotherapy.
Psychiatrists and psychologists both strive to better a person's well-being and improve their quality of life. Whether it's their patient's emotional struggles due to physical ailments or past events that are disrupting their mental status, psychiatrists and psychologists both seek an answer and a solution. Although psychologists and psychiatrists aim to achieve the same goals, they have many differences that make both of them stand apart. From a psychiatrist’s ability to prescribe medications, to a psychologist’s treatment methods, or both of their education, they are similar yet distinct in many ways.
Freud's model of the unconscious as the essential directing impact over day to day life, even today, is more particular and definite than any to be found in contemporary intellectual or social brain science. In any case, the information from which Freud built up the model were singular contextual investigations including anomalous idea and conduct. (Freud, 1925/1961, p.31) not the thorough logical experimentation on by and large pertinent standards of human conduct that illuminate the mental models. Throughout the years, experimental tests have not been caring to the specifics of the Freudian model, however, in wide brush terms, the subjective and social mental confirmation supports Freud with regards to the presence of oblivious mentation and its capability to affect judgments and conduct (Westen, 1999). Despite the destiny of his particular model, Freud's memorable significance in championing the forces of the oblivious personality is without
Sigmund Freud and Albert Ellis are widely recognized as two of the most influential psychotherapists of the twentieth century. “It is argued that the striking differences in their therapeutic systems, Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and psychoanalysis, respectively, are rooted in more fundamental theoretical differences concerning the essential nature of client personality” (Ziegler 75). This paper will discuss in detail, both Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Therapy and Albert Ellis’ Rational Emotive Therapy, as well as compare and contrast both theories.
The first theory Psychodynamic theory presented by Sigmund Freud, is based on how a person’s self-awareness and understanding of the past on present behavior. Psychody...
Clinical psychology can be defined as the “branch of psychology that concerns itself with the assessment and treatment of mental illness and disability”. Therefore, a clinical psychologist assesses patients for any behavioral, emotional, and/or mental problems and then make a diagnosis and develop a treatment for the patient. They nurse personal issues that patients have and also help with chronic and severe conditions. The requirements to be a clinical psychologist include a master’s degree, but a doctorate is sometimes necessary. Many states require a state license, professional work experience, and in specific states such as New Jersey, to be fluent in Spanish. Many employers looking for clinical psychologists require them to have great communication skills and be trustworthy. The treatment of a patient usually starts off with an interview with the patient and sometimes with their families. After seeing how the family and individual acts in that group setting, the psychologist then evaluates their mental space. Finally, they work with a medical personnel to consider what the best treatment for the patient will be. Before entering into a career, you should always research the requirements and pros and cons. What are the pros and cons of studying a clinical psychology and being a clinical psychologist? A
Clinical Psychology is the branch of psychology, which is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of those people who have mental illnesses. For many of these people the misunderstandings that surround mental illnesses are leading down a path of mistreatment and miscommunications. As a clinical psychologist it is a goal to change these misunderstandings into understandings. Whether it is those with Autism patients, those with Down Syndrome, or a drug or alcohol abuser, a clinical psychologist will help determine the best plan of action for them to conquer these challenges. The outcomes that a clinical psychologist could get are influential and will help families across the world learn to better help their family
The founder of Psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud was a physiologist, and medical doctor and a psychologist. During the span of his research in psychotherapy he was criticized by many who claimed his research was not science. Although it has been decades and Freud’s work has filled many of today’s psychology textbooks, there are contemporary critics who still question the legitimacy of Freud’s scientific work. Sigmund Freud’s achievements unlocked the unconscious and developed modern psychotherapy.
The psychodynamic approach allows the client to examine unresolved conflicts and symptoms that happened in the past like childhood experiences. It aims to increase the individual’s sense of his or her own well-being. During psychotherapy, the client talks to the therapist about how he or she thinks, feels, and reacts to challenges in life. The ultimate goal is resolving or reducing negative symptoms that would cause emotional and mental health problems. Compared to other forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy emphasizes the relationship between the client and therapist as a way to
Clinical psychologists supply psychiatric therapy, mental screening, along with medical diagnosis associated with mind illness. They generally train inside several key theoretical orientations—psychodynamic, humanistic, behavior therapy/cognitive-behavioral, along with methods or perhaps loved ones therapies. Quite a few proceed scientific tactics pertaining to post-doctoral plans through which they may focus on professions such as psychoanalytic methods or perhaps baby along with people cure methods.