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Explain erikson's theory of personality development
Challenges to Piaget's theory
Explain erikson's theory of personality development
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Description: What is/are the artifact(s)? My artifact is a behavioral management plan used during my practicum experience, and a lesson plan used during my student teaching experience. The behavioral management plan is intended for students in pre-k/kindergarten. The plan follows the theories of Piaget, Kolberg and Erikson. It shows preventive strategies to assist the management of the students in the summer practicum such as, using proximity, intervening early, gaining attention, facilitating students, having routines, stating rules and reinforcing positive behaviors. The plan is to assure that the students know their roles as well as the classroom rules and expectations. The lesson plan during my student teaching experience is on adjectives for a 3rd -5th grade autistic support classroom. Interpretation: Provide a rationale for choosing the artifact(s) According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, pre-k/kindergarten children are in the first stage of moral development called the preconventional stage (T. Crandell, C. Crandell & Zanden, 2012) At this stage, children follow directions from adults in fear of the consequences of their behaviors. As a result, in the behavioral management plan, the students were asked which rules think should be enforced in hopes that that they do not fear the consequences of their behaviors but take responsibility because they were …show more content…
Teachers need to know and understand where students are cognitively, behavioral, emotional and socially. This can prevent challenging behaviors in the classroom because students are more engaged and motivated when lessons are developmentally appropriate. The behavioral management plan was developmentally appropriate for pre-k/kindergarten because it was concrete and
Standard 1 for the NAEYC professional preparation is “Promoting Child Development and Learning” With the key element “Knowing and understanding young children’s characteristics and needs” the artifact in which I choose is the activity plans with adaptions done in the How Children Learn class. In my opinion this activity allowed us to think further than a typical developing child. Adaptions were to be planned for children that are gifted, autistic, and ones that may have speech and language impairment. Being able to plan activities based on the child’s own needs and developmental range is why this artifact fits well with this key element.
1. Based on what you read in the text and viewed in the modules, what do you believe are some effective strategies for dealing with students with behavioral issues? Please be specific to information from the modules and the text. Show me what you have learned!
Morality, which is one’s general standards about right and wrong behavior, also includes prosocial behavior and other traits such as honesty, fairness, and concern about other people’s rights and welfare (Omrod, 2014). Both morality and prosocial behavior involve multiple parts of the brain, emotions and complex reasoning abilities. Some age-typical characteristics for preschool aged children include, some understanding that behaviors causing physical or psychological harm are morally wrong, a sense of guilt and shame about misbehaviors that cause harm to others, also display empathy and sympathy, and children at this age also show an appreciation for the need to be fair.
Initially, I define the two concepts of mistaken behavior and misbehavior, the first as an error in judgment and action made in the process of learning life skills. Mistaken behaviors occur at three levels which are: experimentation, socially influenced, and strong unmet needs. Teachers who use guidance see self-ruled life skills as difficult to learn, and they recognize that children are just at the beginning stages of a lifelong process of learning these skills. In the process of learning any difficult skill, children, like all of us, make mistakes. These teachers recognize that when children experiences conflicts it is because they have not yet developed the cognitive and emotional resources for more mature responses. The second concept being misbehavior is the conventional term applied to conflicts that the child is involved in, resulting in consequences that often include punishment and the internalization of a negative label such a “naughty”. The complexity of teaching self-ruled life skills leads some adults to the misconception that young children know how to behave, they just choose to misbehave. When conflicts occur, teacher who focus on misbehavior tend to label the child’s character and attempt to shame the child into better behavior.
The moral development of children can depend on many factors. Parenting and upbringing of the child, their environment, social environment, gender, and race are all aspects that can contribute to how a child develops their moral standards and expectations. Many psychologist have tried for several years to develop a theory to how morality is developed. One in particular is Lawrence Kohlberg (1958), his moral development theory is based on the cognitive development of children and it is thought that moral development proceeds and changes as cognitive development occurs (Arnett, 2012). Kohlberg’s moral development theory consist of 3 different levels each containing 2 stages altogether making 6 stages of moral development, as Kohlberg conducted
As teachers, we are often expending more of our energy than is necessary by not taking time to implement a more comprehensive approach toward behavior management. In many cases one will need only a few of these strategies in place to create a positive behavioral support plan.
I believe every student is entitled to a safe learning environment where they can reach their full potential academically and behaviorally. Students will reach their full potential in a positive learning environment. The positive learning environment will be established from the beginning of the year providing a lasting impact on the students academic, and behavior performance throughout the entire year. The positive learning environment will be a classroom setting, which allows students to feel welcomed, safe, and important on daily basis allowing learning to occur to its fullest potential. To ensure my students are in a positive learning environment there must be a behavior management plan clearly explaining the expectations I have for my students. Throughout my behavior management plan I will explain how I plan to implement expectations so students act accordingly. My behavior management plan will be individually tailored to my students allowing me to push them to their fullest potential to by taking into consideration each student’s behavior and personal needs.
On Day 4 Don-egg started pre-school, but he loved his parents too much and did not want to see us leave. This was perfectly normal for a child of his age, so we set him up with a smartphone to video call us anytime he missed us. This behavior of not wanting to leave us is because Don-egg is in the preconventional stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. This stage is highlighted by a child’s want to avoid punishment. The teacher at his preschool most likely punishes Don-egg a lot, so he would rather stay with us who love and support
In light of my School Experience (SE), I will be analysing, discussing and evaluating an aspect of classroom practice. The practice that I have chosen is ‘Behaviour Management’. Behaviour management plays a key role within the classroom and there are a number of techniques used by teachers on a day to day basis. I will look at these techniques in detail, analysing and evaluating them with the work of behaviour management authors and also taking into account my SE observations.
This artifact is a classroom management plan that I completed in one of my special education courses with one of my peers. This classroom management plan represents how I plan on setting up my future classroom, the expectation I will have in my classroom and how I will deal with behaviors when they do occur. Within this plan I have a behavior contract a way for me as a teacher to monitor how many times I have to redirect a student. This artifact would fit in standard #3: learning environments since it demonstrates how I plan on managing my classroom in the future. By having a plan, it will allow me to have something to refer to and be able to gain control in my classroom very early on in the school year. This is an example of my best work since
As a teacher in early childhood development, I believe that the teacher skills and personality influence how children understand, observe and react to the classroom environment and the world around them. Even though part of teacher responsibilities are academic, daily interactions that encourage social, emotional and physical development are important. One of a quality effective early childhood educators’ characteristic is that they should have patience.
At the pre-conventional level, behavior is motivated by anticipation of pleasure or pain. The child is aware of cultural rules and labels of good or bad and right or wrong. (1) The subject interprets the labels in terms of the physical consequence, such as punishment or reward. (3) The child has an extreme self-interest. The first level of moral thinking is generally found at the elementary school level, before the age of 9. This level is divided into the following two stages. (2)
Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development: the nature and validity of moral stages. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
As a teacher managing problem behavior in your classroom can be one of the most challenging tasks. Behavior problems can range from disruption of lessons to acts of violence against fellow students and teachers. Children’s emotional setbacks and life challenges can also contribute to behavior issues at school. A study done by the Justice Center and the Public Policy Research Institute found that six out of ten students suffered from an “emotional disturbance” and were expelled or suspended between seventh and twelfth grade (Firke, 2011). This same study showed that discipline varied greatly between schools. This report also revealed the urgent need for a more thoughtful technique in school discipline policies. In many cases teachers have exhausted their classroom management strategies without success. Behavior Modification is aimed at improving school and classroom behavior, and can give teachers additional tools to help them to deal proactively and effectively with behaviors that are disruptive to students and teachers in the classroom. When children are disruptive in the classroom it can cause a lot of problems for their classmates and their teacher. Yet, in the long run, it's the disruptive child themselves who is most impacted, on both a social and educational level (Epstein, Atkins, Cullinan, Kutash, & Weaver, 2008). Behavior modification techniques should be used in school, to change the negative behaviors, and increase the positive behaviors seen in these children.
The teachers were giving the students positive reinforcement throughout the day. In class we talked about how positive reinforcement helps the students to succeed in their classes. Another ah-ha moment was the environment of the classroom. The classroom had no windows at all. In class we talked about what kinds of things are distracting to students with ASD in classrooms and one of those things are the windows in classrooms. The third ah-ha moment was the parent sheets that the teacher and the school provide for the parents. In class we talked about how parent involvement is very important for the students with disabilities. The teacher fills out the parent involvement paper that lets the parents know how the child did in school this week and what their child needs to improve on. The students must give their paper to their parents to look at when they get home. The things that I had learned during my observation experience that I will use in the future for my classroom will be including student learning objectives in the classroom, using positive reinforcement, and get the parents more involved in their child’s education. I will go over with the students what the student learning objectives are in the beginning of class so the students will know what they will be doing and what they will be learning throughout the day. I also will use positive