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Essay on classical hollywood cinema
The history of the film industry
The history of the film industry
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Hollywood in the 30’s and 40’s was the golden-age of a new era of filmmaking. The films of that period went beyond the silent films being produced in the past. Diagetic sounds like dialogue and more advanced filmic techniques would push cinema to a new mode of filmmaking, that being classicism. The classical Hollywood structure was being developed in the past with silent films but it came to full fruition in the 30’s, where many filmmakers would produce feature-length films with fully developed storylines and the use of glamorous lighting and larger-than life characterizations to give audiences a more cinematic experience. Genre films like: the gangster, comedy, western, horror, and other various genres of the era, provided large revenue for studios and the creative means for filmmakers to manipulate the mise-en-scene to make each genre films slightly different from the rest. Classicism would provide audiences with clear-cut characterizations, simple storylines, non-intrusive directing, and simple but entertaining conclusions that neatly wrap up the story. The production code which was called the “MPPDA” at the time, would censor many films and even cause many of them to either be cut down in content or never be shown. This harsh censoring was caused by an incident that some say was due to the graphic content of Hollywood pictures themselves. William H. Hays was the president of the Hollywood production code in the 30’s until the 1950’s; he died on, March 7th, 1954. The production code of the time was aptly named after Mr. Hayes and it was called the Hays Production Code. If a picture did not have a stamp of approval then it would have a hard time getting released and distributed in Hollywood. Some filmmakers got away with cen... ... middle of paper ... ...d, the sled is a McGauffin are sadly not getting the whole picture, as this film is all about Kane and his lost past but I guess it is indeed up to interpretation as many people can see different facets of this truly Modernistic film that influenced countless classics and is still considered to be one of the best films of all time. In closing, this unit was indeed interesting as I got to revisit some classic films and I got to view a terrific French film. I had so much fun that I hope, Unit 3, is just as good as the former units in class. Film is indeed rightly considered something to be savored and critiqued for as long as we live. Works Cited Spadoni, Robert. Uncanny Bodies-The Coming of Sound Film and the Origins of the Horror Film. Berkeley University of California Press, 2007. Various. Wikipedia. 4, 12,2010. .
The code, which was written by a Catholic priest, was approved by Hays, and then handed over to a ‘staunch lay Catholic’ Joseph Breen, who acted as head interpreter of/for the PCA. Why the PCA is relative to this class: The Production Code Administration marks a huge point in the film industry timeline – for the first time, it was a law that all (or, should I say most) movies had to comply with, or else a hefty $25,000 fine could be enforced. These guidelines that ultimately made up the PCA reigns over our modern films in today’s world, only now we have them rated G, PG, PG-13 etc., thus, movies can be made with content that the Catholic religion may or may not be ok with, and there aren’t any $25,000 fines being handed out – why? They comply with “PG-13” rating guidelines, etc.
Beginning the mid 1920s, Hollywood’s ostensibly all-powerful film studios controlled the American film industry, creating a period of film history now recognized as “Classical Hollywood”. Distinguished by a practical, workmanlike, “invisible” method of filmmaking- whose purpose was to demand as little attention to the camera as possible, Classical Hollywood cinema supported undeviating storylines (with the occasional flashback being an exception), an observance of a the three act structure, frontality, and visibly identified goals for the “hero” to work toward and well-defined conflict/story resolution, most commonly illustrated with the employment of the “happy ending”. Studios understood precisely what an audience desired, and accommodated their wants and needs, resulting in films that were generally all the same, starring similar (sometimes the same) actors, crafted in a similar manner. It became the principal style throughout the western world against which all other styles were judged. While there have been some deviations and experiments with the format in the past 50 plus ye...
Through the talkies in the 30’s little changed (except sound). The 1950’s and 60’s focused on sci-fi, B movies and Hammer horror, often known as the ‘Atomic Phase.’ Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), Alien at the Arctic Circle and The Thing (1951) are good examples. Horror then switched to witchcraft and zombie films such as Night Of The Living Dead (1968) and Day Of The Dead (1985). Conventions changed, we now had more suspense, people being trapped and spiritual terror. Towards the end of the era we also saw an increase in the amount of violence and gore but this was nothing compared to what came next.
This movie is a wonderful production starting from 1960 and ending in 1969 covering all the different things that occurred during this unbelievable decade. The movie takes place in many different areas starring two main families; a very suburban, white family who were excepting of blacks, and a very positive black family trying to push black rights in Mississippi. The movie portrayed many historical events while also including the families and how the two were intertwined. These families were very different, yet so much alike, they both portrayed what to me the whole ‘message’ of the movie was. Although everyone was so different they all faced such drastic decisions and issues that affected everyone in so many different ways. It wasn’t like one person’s pain was easier to handle than another is that’s like saying Vietnam was harder on those men than on the men that stood for black rights or vice versa, everyone faced these equally hard issues. So it seemed everyone was very emotionally involved. In fact our whole country was very involved in president elections and campaigns against the war, it seemed everyone really cared.
Classic film noir originated after World War II. This is the time where post World War II pessimism, anxiety, and suspicion was taking the world by storm. Many films that were released in the U.S. Between 1939s and 1940s were considered propaganda films that were designed for entertainment during the Depression and World War II. During the 1930s many German and Europeans immigrated to the U.S. and helped the American film industry with powerf...
As talkies became more refined and commonplace, silent films started to dwindle. A backlash occurred and these pantomimed movies were labeled as the true art (Geduld, 253). Yet, nothing could be done to slow down the continual development of cinema as sound poured out of studios on a daily basis. In fact, this new cinematic style was so popular, the film industry turned out to be one of the few prosperous enterprises during the Depression (Geduld, 253).
The Production Code, or the Hays Code, was created in order to provide a sense of censorship in the United States for motion pictures. Former Postmaster General William Hays oversaw the creation of The Production Code or the Hays Code. The Hays Code was adopted in March 1930, though it was not truly enforced until four years later in 1934. The Hays Code was based on the ethics and norms during that time. The code was created in order to remove offensive material in films. The producers of motion pictures were meant to follow the censorship provided by the Hays Code. The Hays Code restricted audiences from coming up with their own interpretation of the films and did not give the option for people to reject suggestions made by the films and directors. The main goal of the creators of the Hays Code was to use the power of social influence to provide a common morality for society as a whole, in turn reaching a mass amount of individuals.
Darryl F. Zanuck, a talented filmmaker and writer who had been highly involved in Baby Face, resigned his position as production head at Warner Bros Studios (Wilson 352). This was due to the fact that when it came to censoring Baby Face to please Will Hays and the censors, Zanuck protested because he believed that the film must remain impact to reflect the original theme. Jack and Harry Warner therefore accepted Zanuck’s resignation after assuring Hays the film would undergo the necessary cuts to make it acceptable (Wilson 353). It is amusing how Baby Face is known to give a real effect to the production code. In 1934, it was pulled from theaters by the production Code disregarding the censorship cuts that had been made. It was said that no amount of cuts or clean-ups could make the film appropriate enough to be released to the public(Leff and Simmons 58-62) . The Production code was continued to be enforced in Hollywood until 1966 when it was replaced. In 1968 the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) instituted the first iteration of the voluntary ratings system, still used today (Jefferson Center). This system had the support of the MPPDA and theater owners. In fact, the ratings system enforced then and now is not government mandated but actually another adaptation of self-censorship in order to prevent the government from intervening in production or censorship. Hollywood’s liking for self-censorship and filmmakers’ continual
... imagination is sometimes more excessive than the action on the screen. After the application of Williams’ “theory” to David Creonenberg’s film Shivers, it is apparent that the spectator’s personal perception of the action (or inaction) is more the cause of the bodily reaction that Williams is referring to, rather than the objective excess on the screen. Ultimately, various characteristics of Williams’ arguments are true, but as a film theory in general, “Film Bodies: Gender, Genre and Excess” needs further research and flexibility in order to be both relative to all “body” genre films, and applicable to all unique spectators.
Gallagher, T. 2002. Senses of Cinema – Max Ophuls: A New Art – But Who Notices?. [online] Available at: http://sensesofcinema.com/2002/feature-articles/ophuls/ [Accessed: 8 Apr 2014].
Gunning, Tom 2000, “The Cinema of Attraction: Early film, its spectator, and the avant-garde.” Film and theory: An anthology, Robert Stam & Toby Miller, Blackwell, pp 229-235.
The ‘New Hollywood Cinema’ era came about from around the 1960’s when cinema and film making began to change. Big film studios were going out of their comfort zone to produce different, creative and artistic movies. At the time, it was all the public wanted to see. People were astonished at the way these films were put together, the narration, the editing, the shots, and everything in between. No more were the films in similar arrangement and structure. The ‘New Hollywood era’ took the classic Hollywood period and turned it around so that rules were broken and people left stunned.
Classical Hollywood is a tradition of methods and structures that were prominent American cinema between 1916 and 1960.Its heritage stems from earlier American cinema Melodrama and to theatrical melodrama before that. Its tradition lives on in mainstream Hollywood to this day. But what is it?
Quite honestly, the collective works of Modernists across the globe are probably some of the most difficult pieces to understand. For example, let us take a look at the work of Gertrude Stein, the most frustrating author you will ever meet. Her pieces are filled with the ideas that made Modernists famous, but she is so motivated to be a Modernist that it seems as if she has taken those ideas to the extreme level. For example, her poem A SOUND. reads as thus:
Toward the end of the eiteenth-century, Romanticism emerged as a response to Classicism. Even though this change was gradual, it transformed everything from art and philosophy to education and science. While the Classicsts thought of the world as having a rigid and stern structure, the romanticists thought of the world as a place to express their ideas and believes. The Romaniticists and Classicsts differed in their views of the relationship between an individual and society, their views of nature and the relationship between reason and imagination.