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What determines the moral status of a fetus
Abortion and morality
Abortion and morality
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Infant circumcision is one of the most controversial bioethical issues during this time. On one hand some researchers try and justify the practice of circumcision with arguments of hygienic issues, ideology, parental rights, cultural identity, and freedom of religion. On the other hand some researchers argue that circumcision violates morality, making the point that an infant being circumcised is absolutely unable to give consent, calling circumcision a form of abuse. Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin, the tissue covering the head (glans) of the penis. The practice of circumcision has been found to have been recorded as hieroglyphics. Religion is a huge factor for infant circumcision. The Jewish believe that all male infants are to be circumcised on the 8th day of life. Circumcision is such an important tradition to the Jewish religion that a circumcision can be performed on a …show more content…
To perform a circumcision on a full grown male takes longer, about 1- 1.5 hours versus the 10-15 minutes it takes to complete circumcision on an infant. The skin on the penis of an adult male is much thicker than that of an infant and requires sutures. (Schoen, 2005)
Health benefits of infant circumcision are, circumcision decreases the risk of urinary tract infections, reduces the risk or heterosexually acquired HIV infections in males, lowers the risk or penile cancer, lowers the risk of STDs, including a lowered risk of penile HPV in males, and cervical cancer in their female partners, chlamydia, pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Circumcision decreases the risk of balanopositis, and phimosis, and improves sexual function. (Houle,
I argue that female genital mutilation (FGM) should not be covered under the universal code of ethics when dealing with cultural tolerance, parents should not be able to make harmful decisions for their children, and doctors are under no obligation to perform such rituals to conform to the beliefs and traditions of their patients such as in cases of
In Althaus’ article, she provides in-depth information about female circumcision; a highly controversial cultural ritual that is practiced in at least 28 countries
Afterwards, the parents sign a surgical consent giving the provider the approval to perform the procedure. The purpose of the circumcision is to remove the foreskin from the head of the penis, and allow the head of the penis to be exposed. The provider will use various supplies during the procedure such as an topical or injection anesthetic, a scapula to cut the foreskin, and one of three different clamps to hold the foreskin. According to Bcheraoui et al. (2014), studies have revealed that male circumcisions have an overall side effects rate of 0.5% if performed during the child’s first year of life, but increase up to 20 times that if performed after
Freedom of choice is a desire for most, but as we are young we depend on the decision of our parents. With this dependent nature of a child the freedom of choice is limited, for males this can lead to a life long consequence. Male circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin; the skin covering the head of the penis. Circumcision is practiced for religious purposes in Jewish and Muslim communities. Normally, the boy’s age varies from 4 to 11 years old. In the United States, this procedure is also done but without a religious purpose. The boys in this case are commonly newborn. This practice became popular after medical groups claimed that there were many health benefits that came with circumcision. Though it has been proven otherwise, it is still a common practice in the U.S. fueled by ignorance. Circumcision is an unnecessary surgery that leads to psychological problems, issues with sexual activities and lasting physical damage.
Certainly, in the United States (and much of the Western world), female circumcision is illegal; however, male circumcision is utterly legal. In fact, in 2007, the Center for Disease Control reported that almost eighty percent of men in the United States were circumcised (Morris): legally, zero percent were females. Yet, several nations, where the culture is absolutely polar from the West, have prohibited male circumcision (Evans). The predominant factor, of course. The ideologies of culture make the laws, including morals; thus, these laws represent each region’s civilization, morals, and culture. Again, doctors must conform—this time to the law, not the parent. So, any decision doctors make, regarding circumcision, is due to cultural restrictions and their own
Neonatal circumcision is one of the most often executed surgeries in the United States. (1:130) In my clinical practice thus far, the question whether to circumcise male neonates or not is frequently asked in the postpartum period. Midwives play an important role in providing informed choice discussions for their clients, it is thus our role to present the research evidence available in order to help women make the right choice for them and their families. This paper aims to describe the different incentives of male circumcision and the benefits and risks involved.
Circumcision is a cultural issue because it has always been about the culture surrounding the medical procedure, rather than the medical benefits themselves.
Throughout our research, we have discovered that circumcision plays a big role in the prevention of sexually transmitted infections. After coming across this article, it became clear that the benefits of circumcision are not widely known, even in doctors and nurses who play a role in performing the neonatal male circumcisions. This article is important to our project because it shows that even though circumcision is effective in the prevention against sexually transmitted infections, along with promoting proper hygiene, 62% of health care workers did not think that neonatal circumcision would help in the prevention of HIV.
One of Kimmel’s main points in chapter 3 has to deal with rituals of gender. Initiation rituals in particular, which strive to, “provide a sense of identity and group membership to the men who participate in them." (Kimmel p.70) This of course is alluding to circumcision, which is, “the excision of the foreskin of a boy’s penis.” Kimmel raises the question of why genital mutilation is seen as membership into the adult world. Which is a very valid question. Circumcision is the most common medical procedure in the United States. (Insane to think about) It originates from the Jewish bible, where the circumcision was thought to be a visible sign of the bond between man and God. He then goes on to explain female genital mutilation. When a clitordectomy happens, “the clitoris is cut away, or infibulated.” (Kimmel p.71) When learning of this I felt the collective moan of men when
In fact, it is also one of the oldest and most popular procedures in the world, WHO stated that one third of males are circumcised. Males from wide range of ages undergo this procedure; for examples, in the United States of America, majority of people get circumcised in the neonates period, some section of Asia including the Middle East perform circumcision to young boys, and parts of Africa perform this procedure when patients has reached their teenage years. The benefits of practising circumcision in young age are lower complication risk, faster healing time, and less expense. Although, due to some reason (religious, cultural, and wanting their child to give his/her own consent) circumcision is done at older age. The reason for the booming interest in circumcision could be medical reason (reducing risk of infection by HIV), social, religious, and cultural background. Unfortunately, the circumcision providers in Indonesia are sometimes not medically
"Female Circumcision." Global Issues in Context Online Collection. (2013): Global Issues In Context. Web. 27 June 2013.
Rites of passage, specifically circumcision, are the focus of study for multiple theorists. Circumcision as a ritual of passage encompasses various theories on the function of these ritualistic passages. Arnold Van Gennep, Vincent Crapanzano, and Victor Turner each approach the ritual of circumcisions’ function differently, specifically they question whether the ritual can be considered in stages.
At birth all baby boys must be circumcised on the eighth day. As for the baby girls there is a blessing at the synagogue. After these ceremonies they have a feast of the fulfillment of a commandment. When the child reaches the age of thirteen, they have a ceremony called, a bar mitzvah for the boys and a bat mitzvah for the girls. The meaning behind the bar mitzvah and the bat mitzvah is to welcome the child into adulthood. Marriage is an important part of Jewish life. A wedding can take place on any day other than the Sabbath. There is a marriage contract that is read out, and the rabbi recites seven marriage blessings. At the end of the ceremony the groom breaks a wineglass under his foot. When Jewish people die their body must be buried within twenty-four hours of death, in Jewish consecrated ground. The body is washed, anointed with spices and wrapped in a white sheet. (Religions of the World
It is important for males to go to initiation schools as they are circumcised and taught how
Female circumcision, also known as Female genital mutilation, or female genital cutting is a custom that has sparked controversy among many people belonging to other cultures not accustomed to the practice. Within the argument lay a series of debates surrounding the issue as culture and tradition clash with human rights over whether or not this practice should be allowed. Advocates against the practice draw on the prevalence, perceptions, and reasons for conducting FGM to combat what they believe is a human rights issue.