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The effects of western culture in africa
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In the novel, “Things Fall Apart” by Chinua Achebe the author illuminates generational change overtime, in order to present progression throughout cultures within a society. To point out, the intent of change altered decisions and religious beliefs within the novel that hindered the function of Umuofia’s society. This deeply affected Unoka, Okonkwo, and Nwoye as each character fell into the division of their generational perception. That is to say, “Our dead fathers are weeping because of the shameful sacrilege they have all seen with our eyes.” (Ch.24/Pg.174). Umuofia has weakened in the state of mind, as they have deprecated the tradition of worshipping gods, in retrospect to finding a new faith. There is no significant entitlement that has …show more content…
As a society, Umuofia is undergoing evolutionary change that encounters more than prosperity and wealth, but idiosyncrasy. Granted, Unoka had lived through a society where masculinity was visual. Whether it was through a surplus of cowries or a multitude of wives, each man had to earn their own wealth and respect. Initially, Umuofia’s society wasn’t of inheritance, but of proving that you are capable of working with resilience and power. It was quite a disgrace to borrow such endeavour of wealth and fail to still have nothing. Often as Unoka did, “Our elders say that the sun will shine on those who stand before it shines on those who kneel under them. I shall pay my big debts first.” (Ch.1/Pg.5). His inability to confront his debts, enabled the people of Umuofia to despise him. They pitied his lifestyle however, many men still lend a hand to rise from his faulty action. Umuofia was a village built off of a community. There was more social interaction that created unity amongst the people of the villages no matter the circumstances one was in. Nonetheless, tending to their crops was taken seriously. …show more content…
Since there is an uproar of a younger generation, much of Umuofia’s change was based on their own revelation. As the white man seized the villages, their values had developed interest in those that lived amongst those clans. Much of Umuofia’s tradition was no longer embedded in their beliefs and there was a wider scale of comprehensible diversity in culture. They had reduced their ability to seek power and became content with the idea of a new religion. As expressed in the novel, “We put our fingers into our ears to stop us hearing. That is a wise action.” (Ch.18/Pg.139). Umuofia’s society overtime had incoherently became cowardly. The white man’s actions were very unpredictable, that many of the members wished to avoid such aggressive confrontation. As much as Umuofia feared exile, they did not fail to understand their belief. They had become a unified village solely based on a new guidance that embellishes their sense of living. “More people came to learn in his school, and he encouraged them with gifts of singlets and towels. They were not all young, these people who came to learn.” (Ch.21/Pg.156). Moreover, Umuofia had altered for good, and as much as Okonkwo wished to change it, there was an undeniable fact that all clans no longer acted as one. They let Okonkwo face fear on his own and still relinquished apart of their original culture by
One custom of Umuofia that would be very different from Western culture is Polygamy, the practice of having many wives. This custom is practiced in the connected nine villages of Umuofia. In fact, a man's wealth is partially measured by the number of wives he has. A wealthy man described in Things Fall Apart, had nine wives and thirty children. Okonkwo had three wives and eight children.
In this story, Achebe defines societal standards as the basis for personal status. It is evident throughout the story as we see Okonkwo, a very strong and fierce character struggle to adapt to the new changes and technology the Missionaries had to offer. These changes were not just religious based, the Europeans were there to expand the village, but in turn change and take away what it was created upon. The people of Umuofia prided themselves in their founding traditions, soon these traditions were going to be considered impractical, and these same traditions that the people saw as i...
Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart is a powerful novel about the social changes that occurred when the white man first arrived on the African continent. The novel is based on a conception of humans as self-reflexive beings and a definition of culture as a set of control mechanisms. Things Fall Apart is the story of Okonkwo, an elder, in the Igbo tribe. He is a fairly successful man who earned the respect of the tribal elders. The story of Okonkwo’s fall from a respected member of the tribe to an outcast who dies in disgrace graphically dramatizes the struggle between the altruistic values of Christianity and the lust for power that motivated European colonialism in Africa and undermined the indigenous culture of a nation.
...rough, straight from the source, individual Umuofians. The community is built by every single Umuofian, it takes all of those feelings, opinion, problems, hopes and fears to form Umuofia. A true picture of Umuofia would not have been complete without the individuals who compose Umuofia being represented. Achebe captures the color and richness of this community, and its downfall, by showing the events through the eyes of the very people who make it what it is. Achebe puts Umuofia in it’s place within the European world, with perspective as well. Europeans think Africa is merely a good story to read about. While the Africans themselves, have to live with each action and ramification that the Europeans simply read about. Achebe wrote Things Fall Apart for the purpose of educating Westerners about Africa, hopefully they will read is as more that just a good story.
The men that come to Umuofia destroy the cultural balance of faith and religion that encompasses the native people in Africa. People in Umuofia depend strongly on the ancestors and gods in their culture. It is their tradition and their beginning, from which they govern their lives. Even the priestess that serves the god Agbala, "...was full of the power of her god, and she was greatly feared" (16). Without the stronghold of customs and traditions, only chaos exists. Peace, trust, and knowledge are thrown off when the new religion of Christianity is introduced. When the missionary explains that:
The spiritual aspect of life in Umuofia is well illustrated by the episode where Okonkwo and one of his wives finally have a child that does not die at a young age. After having had to bury several of their children, Okonkwo and Ekwefi are told by a medicine man that all the children actually are one so-called ogbanje; a child that repeatedly dies and returns to its mother’s womb to be reborn. The parents are also told that it is almost impossible to bring up an ogbanje without it dying unless its iyi-uwa is first found and destroyed. An iyi-uwa is a special kind of stone which forms the link between the child and the spirit world. And so, aft...
The arrival of the white man in the latter part of the novel turns the traditional setting in Umuofia into an archetypal colonial situation that reveals a classic co...
When the structure of Umuofia began to change, Okonkwo found himself incapable of adapting like the rest of the villagers. He was determined to live a life that could not survive the changing world, and his dreams crumbled. Throughout the novel, Achebe demonstrates that the lack of being able to adapt to change will leave you lost in society. Since his childhood, Okonkwo has always been ashamed of his father, Unoka. Unoka was rarely able to feed his children, which made Okonkwo scared and embarrassed.
As the book opens, Umuofia is unafraid and powerful and Okonkwo the man with three wives was known as a majestic wrestler. Okonkwo’s father name is Unoka, but he is dead and before he died he was known to be a very lazy man. His son Okonkwo refuse to be like him so he tried to do the opposite of his father. Unoka owed neighbors very much money. Okonkwo desire for toughness, but his son Nwoye is very different from his dad he is lazy and Okonkwo don’t find that to be any good in his son life from what Okonkwo grew up from. Okonkwo wanted his son Nwoye to follow in his foot steps and find shelter and to provide for his family when he grow older. Then a couple of days after Nwoye sit at the table with his father. Okonkwo finds that
When a society gets its traditions taken away, they can assume they have taken the first step towards assimilation, for without their culture, they have nothing proving who they are. The same concept can be applied to the situation in Umofia. When the British came and started to change Umofian culture, things started to fall apart. The first action the British did was change the Umofian Judicial system. Instead of meeting in front of the Egwugwu, as cu...
Unoka’s most visible characteristic was, perhaps, his lack of motivation when it came to labor. He was known throughout his village as a man of little work. For instance, towards the beginning of Chapter Three, Achebe writes, “You, Unoka, are known in all of the clan for the weakness of your machete and hoe. … They cross seven rivers to make their farms; you stay at home and offer sacrifices to a reluctant soil (Achebe 20).” This quote comes from a priestess who, upon Unoka’s consultation visit about his farm, tells him that his laziness not only keeps him from success, but how his fellow farmers are much more capable than he is. Unfortunately, even a declaration from one the gods was unable to motivate him. As an indolent, titleless man, he was dependent on his family and his village for simple staples, such as food. Being so, over the course of his life he developed a sizable debt that he had naught but dreams of repaying. Neither the gods, the degenerating welfare of his family, nor his increasing debt were able to instill a sense of urgency or n...
Achebe illustrates with the first quote that traditions and sayings of the elders dominate the Umuofia society by causing someone to alternate their actions to comply with the traditions of the elders. The sayings of the elders in the Umuofia tribe are equivalent to modern customs. Meaning, Umuofia clansmen incontrovertibly follow the sayings of the elders by, out of habit, incorporating them into their daily lives. For instance, whenever someone gives someone else something, they immediately reply “Thank you,” as if it were almost a reflex. There is no rule that one must say “thanks” after being given something, it has just become a well-known custom drilled into people’s minds by their elders.
Upon an initial reading of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, it is easy to blame the demise of Okonkwo’s life and of the Umofia community on the imperialistic invasions of the white men. After all, Okonkwo seemed to be enjoying relative peace and happiness before then. He did have a few mishaps; one of them resulted in him being exiled for eight years. Nonetheless, he returned to his home town with high spirits and with prospects of increased success. However, everything has changed. The white men have brought with them a new religion and a new government. Okonkwo’s family falls apart. The men in his village lose their courage and valor; they do not offer any resistance to the white men. Consequently, Okonkwo kills himself in disgrace and Umofia succumbs to the white men. However, the white men are not the only people responsible for demise of Umofia. The Igbo culture, particularly their views on gender roles, sows the seed of their own destruction. By glorifying aggressive, manly traits and ignoring the gentle, womanly traits, Umofia brings about its own falling apart.
Citizens sometimes perceived their Gods to be malevolent, and they also thought their deities could do anything to get what they wanted. Okonkwo had to decide to live in fear or live in respect towards his religion; therefore, this caused an imbalance of spiritual beliefs in Umuofia. Even though the society had strong religious beliefs, it tolerated the widespread use of violence. When Okonkwo beat his son Nwoye, the society did not intervene with his son’s discipline: “At any rate, that was how it looked to his father…” (13). Okonkwo’s freedom permits him to discipline and act freely since the society allowed violence.
Even if a man had a title for himself if he did not have control of his wife and children, he was not considered a true man, “No matter how prosperous a man was, if he was unable to rule this women and his children, he was not really a man(53)”. Man of Igbo are held a high amount of power, which is why Okonkwo’s nine children and three wives were often terrified of his anger. Okonkwo struggles with his prominent attitude that men are more important than women because he fears to not be successful and resemble his father, Unoka, whom he refers to as a “woman”. Unoka, before his death was lazy, irresponsible, and weak, as he was known for owning money to others. Achebe uses Unoka, as an example that is a was not manly or did not earn himself a worthy title, that he is not looked at as a real man. Umofia was strict about the understanding that all men must be strong, even when Okonkwo wanted to care for others in a compassionate way he could not because they would mistake that for weakness. For example, when Okonkwo wanted to save Ikemefuna from death, Achebe states, he could not do that because he is too prideful and being strong for men in Umofia, is not just a characteristic but a lifestyle. Okonkwo has no problem letting go of his son Nwoye because he chose the catholic religion over what his father believed in. For a