Chilean War of Independence: There was a violent conflict between the Chilean criollos(pro-independence) that were seeking economic and political independence from Spain; and the criollos who were royalists that supported the Captaincy General of Chile and the Spanish Empire. A declaration of independence was officially declared by Chile on February 12, 1818. At first, freedom did not have support among all of the Chileans because they were divided between royalists and independists. This started with the the elites as a political movement against the Spanish power, but ended as a full-fledged civil war. The process is divided into three periods: the Patria Vieja, 1810–1814; the Reconquista, 1814–1817; and the Patria Nueva, 1817–1823. Battle of Chacabuco: Occurred on …show more content…
February 12, 1817.The Spanish forces led by Rafael Maroto were defeated by The Army of the Andes;led by General José de San Martín. It was a defeat for the royalist government of Chile. San Martín went down the mountain with his troops at midnight to prepare for an attack at dawn. At dawn, his troops were much closer to the Spanish than anticipated, and they fought. Meanwhile, Soler’s (One of Martin’s generals) troops had to go down a tiny path that proved long and difficult, and it took longer than expected. San Martín ordered Soler to charge the Spanish flank, which allowed his troops to stand their ground. The firefight lasted into the afternoon , and the tables turned for the Patriots as Soler captured a key Spanish artillery base.At this point in time, the Spanish set up a defensive square around the Chacabuco cattle farm. O’Higgins charged the middle of the Spanish position, and Soler got into place behind the Spanish power, effectively cutting off any prospect of retreat . The Patriot forces only lost twelve men in struggle, but an additional 120 lost their lives from injuries suffered during the conflict. Battle of Maipú: A battle fought near Maipu, Chile on April 5, 1818. The Nationalist rebels led by José de San Martin effectively destroyed the Spanish people’s military force commanded by General Mariano Osorio, and completed the independence of the area of Chile from Spanish domination. In 1817, the Argentine General José de San Martin led an army across the Andes and defeated the Spanish at the battles of Chacabuco and Chalchuapa and captured Santiago. The Spanish viceroyalty sent a Spanish army to Santiago under General Mariano Osorio, which defeated San Martín at the Second Battle of Cancha Rayada. Despite being defeated at Cancha Rayada, the Patriot army regrouped again in less than two days, adding up to about 4,000 hands, allowing San Martín to rebuild his units almost entirely.
Hence, on April 2, San Martín ordered his troops to mallet the position with their cannons. Pushed by the Patriot infantry , The royalist men garrisoned on the houses of the land were forced to surrender, while the reserves brought by O’Higgins captured the dispersed soldiers. Battle of Junín: Fought in the upland of the Junín area on August,24. The preceding February the royalists had regained control of Lima, and having regrouped in Trujillo, Simón Bolívar, in June, sent his rebel soldiers south to confront the Spanish people . The two armies met on the plains of Junín, north west of the Jauja Valley. Bolivar (with 8,000 soldier ), in a hurry to try to hinder the royalist retreat (8,000 soldiers) towards Cuzco, sent out his cavalry (1,000) to delay the movement of Spanish military personnel out of the Junin Plain . The Spaniards sent out their cavalry (1,300) to disrupt the incoming patriot cavalry to give his infantry withdrawal from the plain. There was victory for pro-independency groups Simon
Bolivar Venezuelan War of Independence: (1810–1823) was one of the Spanish American wars of independence of the early nineteenth century, when independence movements in Latin America fought against rule by the Spanish Empire, emboldened by Spain's troubles in the Napoleonic Wars. Republics: The First Republic of Venezuela was the first independent government of Venezuela, lasting from July fifth,1811, to July twenty-five, 1812. The period of the First Republic began with the overthrow of a ruling Spanish party and the establishment of the Junta Suprema de Caracas on Apr 19,1810, initiating the Venezuelan State of war of Independency , and ended with the surrender of the republican forces to the Spanish Captain Domingo de Monteverde. The Venezuelan Declaration of Independence formally ended this republic by declaring the independence from the Spanish crown. The Second Republic Of Venezuela: Bolivar and other republicans continued the resistance from the Spanish, and organized guerilla movements in the interior of the country . In 1813 Bolívar joined the Army of United Provinces of New Granada. After winning a series of fights, Bolívar received the approval of the New Granadan Congress to lead-in a liberating force into Venezuela. Bolívar entered Capital of Venezuela on 6 August 1813, proclaiming the restoration of the Venezuelan Commonwealth and his supreme leadership of it. Magdalena Campaign: A military operation from late 1812 to early 1813 by Simón Bolívar against royalists and Spain in New Granada (Colombia ). The campaign resulted in the revolutionist United Province of New Grenada getting control of the Magdalena River, which connects the port city of Cartagena with the Interior of Colombia. Soon after his arrival in Cartagena, Bolívar requested a commission in the city's army but he was only given command of seventy men in the small town of Barrancas. The royalists from Santa Marta prepared to march against Cartagena by assembling a force of one thousand five hundred soldiers on the banking company of the Magdalena River. Bolívar decided to take the initiative by attacking the royalists occupying villages along the banks of the Magdalena while they collected supplying and reinforcements. He successfully dislodged the royalists; and defeated various royalist soldiers in the area and finally took the city of Ocaña on 10 January 1813. Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada: 1819-1820 Bolivar’s victory in New Granada secured its eventual independence. It provided Bolívar with the money and resources to complete his victory over the Spanish in Venezuela and Colombia. If Bolívar could liberate New Granada, he would have a whole new base from which to operate. To surprise of many, Bolívar decided to go during the rainy time of year , when the Llanos flooded up to a meter and the campaign season ended. Royalist personnel would be gone from the Llanos for months and no one would anticipate that Bolívar's troops would be on the move. The route, however, was considered impassable, and therefore the plan understandably received little funding from the Congress. Bolívar set off in June 1819. The route that the small army of about 2,500 men took went from the hot and humid, flood-swept plain of Venezuela to the icy mountain pass of the Páramo de Pisba, at an ALT of 3,960 meters (13,000 feet). After the hardships of wading through a virtual sea, the mostly llanero army was not prepared and poorly clothed for the cold and altitude. Many became ill or died. Battle of Vargas Swamp: July 25, Bolívar intercepted a royalist force attempting to reach the poorly defended capital. After the Vargas Swamp Battle, El Libertador reorganized his workforce , resting them until 4 August , when he ordered a restitution to Venezuela. The Royalist men took the fastest route to Bogota but were unable to pass, as Bolivar intercepted them, early morning of August. Bolivar's troops were composed of approximately 2,850 men, which successfully divided and discomfited the 2,670 royalist soldiers in a battle that lasted two hours. Battle of Boyacá: Colonel Barrerio (leader of the royalist forces in Nueva Granada) was captured. On receiving the news, the viceroy and the residual of Royalist governance fled the upper-case letter to Cartagena de India . On the afternoon of an August day, Bolivar’s army entered Bogotá without any royalist resistance . His arrival concluded the campaign for liberating Nueva Granada . The battle of Boyacá was a decisive victory over Spanish people power in Nueva Granada. Despite the Royalists' strength in the other provinces of the neighborhood , the capital of the viceroyalty of Nueva Granada had tumbled in the hands of the New Granadans. The Royalists occupied the road leading from Valencia to Puerto Cabello. As Bolívar's forcefulness of 6,000 approached the Royalist position, Bolívar divided his force and sent half on a flanking tactics through rough terrain and dense foliage. Bolívar led the forces while Gen. José Antonio Páez went around to the right flank. But before they would do it, the Spanish fired at them. The cavalry militia of royalist "Llanero" fled from battlefield as the Patriot infantry conflict hard. The Spanish infantry formed squares and fight to the close under the attack of the Patriot cavalry. The route was so bad that only some 400 of one infantry regiment managed to get through to Puerto Cabello. With the main Royalist force in Republic of Venezuela crushed, independence was ensured. Subsequent struggle included a key naval victory for the independence forces on 24 July 1823 at the Battle of Lake Maracaibo and in November 1823 José Antonio Páez occupied Puerto Cabello, the last Royalist stronghold in Venezuela.
As the Spanish advanced again to take Fort Frederica, Oglethorpe was waiting. Slowly moving through the swampy lands on St. Simons the Spanish headed toward Fort Frederica with high confidence. Posting a regiment of Foot Soldiers and Darien’s Independent Company of Highlanders in a wooded area overlooking the marsh where Spanish soldiers would have to cross, Oglethorpe returned to Ft. Frederica (Swinson 137). Oglethorpe then left to retrieve more soldiers. When he returned, the battle was over. The troops had stood off the Spanish until they ran out of ammunition and retreated. Even though he arrived after the fighting, Oglethorpe became the victor (Coleman
5 years and nearly an entire continent separated King Philip’s war from the great pueblo revolt. Compare and contrast the causes and consequences of these 2 conflicts.
Chileans declared independence from Spain on September 18th, 1810. This led to decades of violence that finally ended in 1826 when the last royalist stronghold fell. The Chileans had many reasons for wanting freedom from Spain. One was the corrupt Chilean governor, Fransico Antonio Garcia Corrasco, who was involved in a conspiracy to steal smuggled clothes from a British frigate. During the robbery, the captain and some of the crew of the British ship were murdered, forever ruining the governor’s reputation. Fighting in Spain’s Western colonies also encouraged Chile
... Regulars were misdirected by the locals and steered away from the smaller militia supply caches that remained in the town. While the searches were being conducted in the town of Concord, two companies of Regulars were trying to maintain the North Bridge. The Regulars were engaged by approximately 400 militiamen. After the engagement, the Regulars retreated back towards the town of Concord. Lieutenant Colonel Smith heard the gunfire coming from the North Bridge area and sent two grenadier companies to reinforce the infantry companies at the North Bridge. The two grenadier companies were able to link up with the three decimated infantry companies. This action left the companies of Regulars conducting the searches isolated and the road leading to Concord without protection. At this time Lieutenant Colonel Smith gave the orders to begin the march back towards Boston.
So, why Cinco de Mayo? And why should Americans savor this day as well? Because 4,000 Mexican soldiers smashed the French and traitor Mexican army of 8,000 at Puebla, Mexico, 100 miles east of Mexico City on the morning of May 5, 1862.
For four hundred years Spain ruled over an immense and profitable global empire that included islands in the Caribbean, Americas, Puerto Rico, and Cuba. After the Napoleonic Wars (1808-1815) many of Spain’s colonies followed the US’s lead, fighting and winning their independence. These revolts, coupled with other nations chipping away at Spain’s interests, dwindled Spain’s former Empire. By 1860, only Cuba and Puerto Rico were what remained of Spain’s former Empire. Following the lead of other former Spanish colonies, Cuban fighters started their campaign for independence, known as the Ten year war (1868-1878). This war developed into a Cuban insurgency which fought a guerilla war against the Spanish occupation.2
In 1775, Benedict Arnold had taken his first victory-Fort Ticonderoga. The Battle of the fort occured on May 10, 1775. Arnold and four-hundred soldiers stood opposite of the fort on Lake Champlain and waited for the scouting units to return (CIA). When they had returned, they told Benedict that the fort had only housed fourty-nine British soldiers, a megar amount compared to Benedict's. But the scouts had also noted that there were only two boats that could transport Benedict and his soldiers, therefore only a hundred or so men actually particapted in the capturing of Fort Ticonderoga (History Ticonderoga). Benedict still wanted to suprise the soldiers, so they attacked Ticonderoga's south gate, where only one sentry was stationed. Benedict damanded their surround once they had rose from their sleep. The British troops complied and the fort was won with no casualties and not a single shot fired (CIA). With the fort under the patriots control, the army gained a hundred cannons that the army despreately needed (fourty-three of which were transported and used by General Knox against the British at Boston) and a passage from New York into Canada( History Ticonderoga)which led Benedict to his next military excersion.
...ur taken prisoners. As a result, Wilson prepared a letter to Congress demanding a full-scale war and an ultimatum was sent to Carranza, demanding the release of all American prisoners, which Mexico had already threatened to kill. Within days, all prisoners were released and all international bridges were seized. Although Carranza was finished, Pancho Villa was not ready to throw in the towel. Thus, he prepared for a series of attacks to come. General Pershing reported to Wilson of Villa’s repeated violence, but Villa continued, capturing many towns held by Carranzista forces. On January 1917, Pancho Villa gathered his forces to capture Toreon. In the end, hundreds of his men were dead and his defeat was seized upon by Wilson as a convenient way out of the problems in Mexico.
The Battle of Gonzales was the first official battle of the Texas Revolution. (The Battle of Velasco doesn’t count because there were no casualties.) It took place on the second of October near the settlement of Gonzales in 1835. Lieutenant Castaneda told Texas Commander John Moore that he did not want to engage any more fighting and only want to take the cannon. When he did not stop the fighting, Castaneda withdrew to Bexar.
Mexico saw the fire of revolution in the Texans and acted quickly. They soon sent spies in to observe the actions of the Texans and slowly started to move troop...
Major General Benjamin Lincoln and his army of “12,000 patriots” (Siege of Charleston) are going up against the British Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton and his army of “2,500,000 British”
The Anglo-Saxon immigrants then stood proudly on the banks of the Guadalupe River and defiantly flew their flag, daring the Mexican Army to act upon its intention to reclaim the cannon. “Come and take it,” the Anglo-Saxon immigrants cried out to the Mexican Army. The Anglo-Saxon immigrants then used the cannon against the Mexican army, reportedly killing one Mexican soldier (McKeehan, n.d.). It was then that the Battle of Gonzales began. As quickly as the Battle of Gonzales began, however, it was over. The Anglo-Saxon immigrants prevailed in forcing the Mexican Army to retreat through the use of cannon fire and heavy guns (Hardin, 2010; McKeehan,
The second battle of Bull Run, also known as the second battle of Manassas, is the second battle between the Union and the Confederacy on Bull Run. It took place in Prince William County in Northern Virginia. The Union controlled by John Pope and the Confederacy controlled by Robert E. Lee both took a full army on the battlefield August 28-30, 1862 during the American Civil War. This battle, deadlier and bloodier than the first, is American on American. The confederacy decides to take the defensive position and plans to wait until the union arrives. The union arrives groups by groups and decides to charge up to the confederate’s powerful defence position. Lee knows that his defensive position was solid enough for Major General James Longstreet
The Thirty Years War was a series of conflicts, not-knowingly involving most European countries from 1618 to 1648. The war, which was fought mainly in Germany, was started when Bohemian Protestants furiously attacked the Holy Roman Emperor in terms to impose a restriction on their religious and civil liberties. By understanding the Thirty Years War, you will notice the notable religious, political and social changes. The changes paved the religious and political maps of Europe. Not only did this war affect the religious and political demographic, it caused populations to perish and lose large amounts of their goods. What was known as a religious battle, turned out to be a political feud in competition of which state has the greater power affecting men, women, soldiers and civilians. “[The bohemians] had no idea that their violent deed would set off a chain reaction of armed conflict that would last thirty years and later be called Europe’s “first world war” of the modern era.” When the war ended, the lands were defiled and over 5 million people were killed.
Spain was once of the powerful nations in Europe. However, by the 20th century it was poor and backwards country where corruption was experienced on a commonly basis. After losing its overseas possessions Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico and Philippines during the Spanish-American War Spain was in a state of political tension due extreme measures of wealth, poverty and clearly social tensions. Essentially Spain was a deeply divided country during this time although it was a constitutional monarchy during 1920. During this year King Alfonso XIII remained as the royal figurehead however, Miguel Primo de Rivera was the dictator. The tension was between the right-wing Nationalists and left-wing Republican parties. The nationalist’s party was made up of monarchists, landowners, employers, the Roman Catholic Church and the army. The Republicans consisted of the workers, trade unions, socialists, and peasants. The nationalists were described as traditionalists and fascists, while the republicans were socialists and communists. The real political tension started occurring post 1930 when growing opposition to Miguel Primo de Rivera right-wing government started growing rapidly and leading to his resignation. Miguel Primo de Rivera was not able to solve Spain’s financial disaster from the result of the Great Depression, where unemployment rates increased drastically and Rivera never provided any solutions. Miguel was so unsuccessful throughout his dictatorship even the army refused to support his dictatorship. This then concluded in republican receiving the majority of the election votes, throwing out King Alfonso XIII the following year. The abdication of the King was the turning point; where Spain was now considered the Republic of Spa...