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Summary of history of vaccinations paper
Essay on history of vaccines
Essay on history of vaccines
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Daja Torrence
Prof. David Murad
English 1120
26 February 2016
Vaccines
Vaccines are common around the world. We all get them at a young age to keep us and the world around us safe. According to the Center for Disease Control; over the years vaccines have prevented countless cases of disease and saved millions of lives. Some may say you are risking your child’s life by not getting vaccinated, others may disagree and say you are risking your child’s life by getting so many vaccines at a young age. This literature review will go over the history of how vaccines came about, the meaning of vaccination, and immunization. It will also answer some key questions like, is vaccines the cause of autism? Are vaccines good or bad for you? Lastly the benefits
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According to World’s Health Organization known as WHO states that “Immunization is a process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease typically by the administration of a vaccine”. WHO is a website for publications, and other resources to ensure that health information reaches people around the world in languages that they can understand. From birth until the age six, 14 diseases can be prevented from childhood vaccines (parent’s guide). This point is brought up because some people question, is childhood immunization the cause of autism? From my research the answer is no childhood vaccinations does not causes autism here is why. Autism is a mental condition, present from early childhood. Characteristics of autism consist of difficulty in communicating, and forming relationships (Autism speaks). Autism speaks is a website dedicating to funding research into the causes, prevention and even a cure for autism. The correlation of vaccines and autism started in February1998 with Andrew Wakefield a British gastroenterologist did a study on 12 children, out of that eight of whose first symptoms of autism appeared within 1 month or receiving the MMR vaccine (Wakefield). From this study he concluded that childhood vaccines is the cause of autism. I question his findings because there are some unanswered questions I cannot find. One big question I bring up after reading his journal is, if all 12 children were referred to a pediatric unit of intestinal abnormalities who’s to say that the abnormalities is not the cause of autism? Since there are many unanswered questions, Wakefield is not considered a reliable source because he does not have enough data supporting his claim that the MMR vaccine is the cause of autism. Another reason why this is not a reliable source because Wakefield’s journal was retracted. The definition of retracted means to withdraw a statement or accusation as untrue or unjustified
The article’s information is presented with the goal of informing a reader on vaccines. The evidence is statistical and unbiased, showing data on both side effects and disease prevention, providing rates of death and serious illness from both sides. This evidence is sourced from a variety of medical organizations and seems reliable, logical, and easily understood, no language that would inspire an emotional response is used. The validity of studies is not mentioned in the article, but it does encourage readers to investigate further to help make a decision. The article allows a reader to analyze the presented evidence and come to their own
“Vaccinations are causing a major upsurge in childhood diseases, adult maladies, and even deadly ailments such as Gulf War Syndrome and Lou Gehrig’s disease” (Blaylock). Every now and then an individual’s doctor calls telling them about the latest vaccine they should receive. The person immediately schedules a time to come in and get it done. But do they even give a second thought about it? Have they ever thought that maybe they do not need another vaccination? Many people have not taken the time to seriously think about the process of immunization. The truth is, there are many dangers that the average person should be unaware of. Rarely do vaccines actually accomplish what the public has been told. In fact, a lot of vaccines contain harmful substances that have been linked to disorders such as autism. The lack of education and dishonesty from doctors are putting people in danger of health problems without even realizing. Many parents feel obligated for their children to get vaccinated because of school, not knowing they have the alternative option of refusing immunization.
All the children had intestinal abnormalities. Before receiving the MMR vaccine, all the children had showed satisfactory achievement of their early milestones. Soon after receiving the vaccine, regression occurred in seven of the children. Wakefield’s results suggested that the direct cause of the children’s illnesses were the MMR vaccine. Based on the knowledge that I know now; Wakefield article is not accurate. There were many signs that pointed to this research being wrong. Some things discussed in “Vaccine War” were that all of the children studies in his research were referred to him by an attorney that was working on a case against the manufacturers of the MMR vaccine. Another major issue with Wakefield’s findings is that they are not able to be reproduced. A large part of research being credible is its ability to be reproduced in another study, and without that, the finding that he found are not sound. Because of the evidence the research may not have been correct, there was an editorial written stating that Wakefield’s findings that the MMR vaccine and autism were connected were fraudulent. This editorial also brings to light the fact that Wakefield relied heavily on the recall and beliefs of the parents and altered many of the facts about the patient’s medical histories in order to support his
Doctor Andrew Wakefield had written a paper in Lancet journal in 1998 which suggested that MMR vaccine causes autism. In his research, he found out that MMR vaccine was responsible for bowel inflammation that leads to the translocation of non-permeable peptides into the bloodstream. (American Academy of Pediatrics) This in turn carries them to the brain causing the root of autism spectrum disorder to form. His research was called weak by drug corporations, governments and media companies and was then discredited earning him a fraud reputation. His paper has since raised a decade long argument on MMR vaccine originating autism spectrum disorder. This has caused a lot of parents to withdraw their children from being vaccinated, which increased measles infections.
Since Edward Jenner’s first inoculation of the smallpox virus science has made leaps and bounds in the development of vaccines. Today the CDC recommends at least 16 vaccines for children. Through vaccines and crowd immunization we have eradicated polio and smallpox. There is no doubt that vaccines have helped human life grow and develop. However, there are growing concerns about side effects of vaccines. There are groups of parents who refuse to vaccinate their children. Groups like this have lead to outbreaks of diseases we have not seen in decades. While there are those who doubt the efficiency of vaccines it is clear that vaccines are our only option to eradicate disease.
Vaccines are not fun. Getting poked with a needle is not exactly considered ideal. I know I never liked getting vaccinated. When I was a baby, I would scream and kick and beg the nurse not to give me a shot. I hated needles and I hated shots. I have outgrown my fear now, but I still do not want to get poked with a needle every day. Despite my hatred of needles as a young girl, I still received every vaccine that my doctor recommended. And guess what? I have never gotten polio, measles, whooping cough, mumps, rubella, and other diseases that have killed millions of people in the past. Even though I hated it, they still helped me in the long run. So no, vaccines are not fun, but they are necessary. The benefits
Andrew Wakefield came to this conclusion based on results found in eight out of twelve children. His results were then published in a medical journal called Lancet. Andrew Wakefield condemnation of vaccinations caused the public to become scared ("vaccinations and Autism". . .). Andrew Wakefield's research was the starting point of the conspiracy theory that the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccinations cause Autism. Furthermore, it made people, especially parents of autistic kids, question and lose trust in vaccinations. Without Wakefield's research people, might not question vaccinations as much as they do today. Eventually, Wakefield’s research, in 2004 had problems spring up with it. The study, he had based his research on used children that already had autism before receiving vaccinations. Also, an attorney that had been working against the vaccine maker had many of the kids as clients. On top of that, Wakefield was being paid by the lawyer. The coauthors of the Lancet medical journal that published Wakefield's research, retracted their suggestion that vaccinations caused autism. In January 2010, Wakefield’s medical license was revoked and a month later Lancet
Despite the doctors’ reassurances and mounting evidences about the safety and value of immunization, many parents are still wary about getting their children injected. Some even opposed it because they fear that the vaccine itself is not benign. It is often considered unnecessary in many cases because the illnesses don’t pose a big threat to the child’s life. However, others point out that they help eradicate many contagious illnesses and prevent many deaths. For example, polio and smallpox, once killed thousands of children, are eliminated because of the use of vaccines. There were many studies conducting to show whether it can trigger serious reactions and disorders. In 1998, Andrew Wakefield published an observation of 12 children that linked the measles, mumps, and rubella combination vaccine with intestinal problems which he believed led to autism. Once people heard this news, they become alarmed. However, many large studies had been conducted and found no association between the t...
Immunizations have saved millions of lives over the last hundred years. Currently vaccination rates are at their highest in the United States. Most vaccinations are given during infancy through adolescents. Infants especially are more susceptible to infectious diseases; this being the reason it is so important to guard via immunization. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention immunizations help prevent disease from spreading and protect infants and toddlers against threatening difficulties of diseases such as polio and measles.(2004) Data compiled by the National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) states that children today now receive as many as 49 doses of 14 vaccines before they reach age six, this is about 12 times higher than the number of vaccines administered to children back in 1940. (Huff, 2013) Immunizations were developed to eradicate diseases such as polio and measles. There is no longer polio and measles in the United States, so why are our children still being immunized against them? Are all these immunizations still necessary? Although there is understanding in why certain immunizations are essential there are many vaccines that can cause harm to us, especially infants and children. Vaccines have been shown to cause autoimmune diseases and other serious reactions, suppress the immune system and contain toxic ingredients bringing about neurodevelopment diseases.
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimated that 732,000 children were saved and 322 million cases of childhood illnesses were prevented between 1994 and 2014 due to parents preventative vaccinations. (Vaccines 1). With 732,00 children saved from death and illness there should be no question on whether parents should vaccinate their children. Vaccines are an important part of saving children’s lives, all parents should get their children vaccinated, this prevents their child from catching diseases and passing it on to other children and adults, some parents fear that vaccinations can cause autism when there is no scientific evidence; vaccines are safe in the amount used.
In recent years, the correlation between vaccines and autism has become the subject of much debate. On one side, there are the anti-vaccinators, or anti-vaccers. On the other, there’s pretty much everyone else. Despite the fact that the anti-vaccination movement has little base in scientific fact, their campaign to end early infanthood vaccinations rages on. While doctors and scientists try desperately to make parents look at the research studies, vaccination rates continue to fall. But, even in these dark times, there is still hope that scientific fact will prevail and defeat the anti-vaccination fear mongers who have caused many children to fall ill and even die because their parents did not properly vaccinate them. This is one of the most saddening scientific failures of the twenty-first century. A failure to educate the public properly has resulted in child, even infant, fatalities. The anti-vaccination movement was started based on falsified data and continues only because of a lack of knowledge and proper education of the general public.
Should children get vaccines? Many parents think that their children should get a vaccination every year while other parents thinks that their children shouldn’t get vaccinations ever. During the past 3 to 4 years it has been a big debate on whether children should get vaccination or go without one and why. Most parents have a reason as to why they don’t want their children to have any vaccinations as in others think they should for many reasons. Children should not get vaccinations because they can easily get sick more than they can, they have some different but also dangerous side effects.
Vaccines against diphtheria, polio, pertussis, measles, mumps and rubella, and more recent additions of hepatitis B and chicken pox, have given humans powerful immune guards to ward off unwelcome sickness. And thanks to state laws that require vaccinations for kids enrolling in kindergarten, the U.S. presently enjoys the highest immunization rate ever at 77%. Yet bubbling beneath these national numbers is the question about vaccine safety. Driven by claims that vaccinations can be associated with autism, increasing number of parents are raising questions about whether vaccines are in fact harmful to children, instead of helpful (Park, 2008).
To be able to explain why a parent should get their infant vaccinated, there needs to be a way to approach them without being hostile, without overloading them with information, and to prove vaccines are safe for their child. The risks of symptoms from developing the vaccine-preventable disease are more significant than the few risks from getting the vaccination that will prevent the disease. Because there are so many vaccinations, I would start by explaining the risks of a certain vaccine. I would then show the patient the Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) for that specific vaccine, provided by the CDC. Next, I would move on to that vaccine-preventable disease’s symptoms and effects, and if possible show them a picture or two of someone
For innumerable centuries, unrelenting strains of disease have ravaged society. From the polio epidemic in the twentieth century to the measles cases in the latter half of the century, such an adverse component of nature has taken the lives of many. In 1796, Edward Jenner discovered that exposure to cowpox could foster immunity against smallpox; through injecting the cowpox into another person’s arm, he founded the revolutionary concept known as a vaccination. While many attribute the eradication of various diseases to vaccines, many United States citizens are progressively beginning to oppose them. Many deludedly thought that Measles had been completely terminated throughout the United States; however, many children have been patronized by