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Renaissance and religious reformation
Chapter 32 the spread and impact of reformation
Renaissance and religious reformation
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Since its beginning, the Roman Catholic Church had been progressively corrupted. In its attempt to reunify the empire, it decided that quantity was better than quality; a decision that set the church up for much corruption in the succeeding years. In the twelfth century under the leadership of Pope Gregory VII, who's decision to reform monasteries, promote crusades, and demand priestly celibacy helped turn Europe into a theocracy. However, by the fourteenth century during the Great Schism, the church found a successful method to gain revenue through indulgences. More people were educated through the Renaissance, which led them to doubt the validity of sacraments to realize the open corruption of the Catholic Church. By Luther’s time, the Catholic Church stressed above all else not the growth of the Christian, but how to avoid eternal damnation in Hell. After a close encounter with death, he soon determined that joining the monastery was the best way to assure his salvation from Hell, but as he earnestly fasted and spent nights in sleep-deprivation, Luther did not feel that the “self-help” approach taught by the Church had helped. While he was in Rome, he began to doubt the validity of many Catholic teachings. Luther obtained his doctorate and became a teacher of the Bible, which allowed him to discover the Truth: that man’s salvation
Seeking to reform Christianity by using the Bible alone as his source of instruction, Zwingli promoted the abolishment of the veneration of images, and priestly celibacy. He and Luther agreed on many issues like the reliance on scripture alone and the rejection of papal authority, but they disagreed on issues such as the use of militancy and aggression to advance the faith. Zwingli’s aggression divided Switzerland so much that the Swiss resorted to war. Zwingli lost his life and the war foreshadowed the coming division of Europe between Catholics and
James Kittelson’s biography on the life of Luther is thought provoking and informative. Kittelson does not have a concise thesis, but as it is a biography the central theme of Luther the Reformer is an insightful narrative of Martin Luther’s life from his birth in Eisleben until his death on February 18, 1546 in Eisleben. Kittelson thoroughly and with great detail and sources explains Luther’s mission to reform the catholic church. Luther the Reformer seeks to condense Luther’s life in a manner which is more easily read for those who do not know the reformer’s story well. Luther is portrayed not only as a theologian throughout the book, but as a person with struggles and connections throughout the Germanic region in which he lived. Luther’s theology is portrayed throughout the entirety of the book, and Kittelson approaches Luther’s theology by explaining Luther’s past. The inclusion of
Martin Luther, was “temperamental, peevish, egomaniacal, and argumentative” (Hooker, www.wsu.edu), but played a pivotal role in history. During Luther's time as a monk, the Catholic Church was selling indulgences. Luther took notice to the corruption and began to reason that men can only get their salvation through Jesus Christ, not the Pope or indulgences, let alone the Church itself. Luther began ...
First, before exploring Luther’s rejection of the peasant revolt, one must examine his explanation of Christian freedom. Written in 1520, The Freedom of a Christian proclaimed the new freedom to be found in salvation by faith alone. His doctrine liberated people from works but also from the laws of the Old Testament. Salvation was found in the promise of Go...
The Roman Catholic Church greatly influenced the lives of many people during the medieval times. At the head of the Roman Catholic Church was the pope. Followers believed that the pope was the representative of Jesus on earth. The spiritual classes below the pope were the cardinals, the archbishops, the bishops, and finally the local priests. This was a very efficient system where each class ruled, and directed each class below them. Peasants, of course, were all the way at the bottom of the social class system, but took up 95% of the population. Their lives were very closely tied to their local churches. The main responsibility of the Roman Catholic Church was to serve the spiritual needs of medieval society, and to get people to heaven. This slowly started to change as soon as the Church turned to their corrupt ways to control the people. The Church owned everything from land, to even peoples souls! Going against the Roman Catholic Church was absolutely unacceptable. Not only would you be
From the Middle ages, the church faced many problems such as the Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism that hurt the prestige of the church. Most of the clergy lived in great luxury while most people were poor and they set an immoral example. The clergy had low education and many of them didn’t attend their offices. Martin Luther had witnessed this himself, “In 1510 he visited Rome and was shocked to find corruption on high ecclesiastical places”
Corruption in the church was a huge reason why people left Catholicism, they did not want to be involved in an organization that allowed such awful things
Martin Luther is a German monk that was opposed to many things of the Roman Catholic Church. He took actions that sparked the protestant reformation and made it popular around the world. Luther feared God in his early years and sought to find salvation in the monastery. During a very powerful thunderstorm, Luther plead to Saint Anne to save him. The storm stopped and the decision to become a monk was final.(biography.com) Luther’s main beliefs were that all church teachings should be based on the Bible, the only way to win salvation
Instead of complaining about the luxurious life of the popes, Luther readdressed the way of salvation through faith
While Martin Luther is probably the most well-known figure from the Reformation, there were many other notable figures that went on to challenge the Catholic Church as well, such as Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin, and even King Henry VIII. Zwingli was a Swiss preacher who shared some of the same sentiments as Luther in regards to Church authority, that “scripture was the sole basis of truth, and the power of popes and councils was illusory” (Marshall, 18). He was able to give a public defense of his ideas, and eventually won out in reforming Switzerland: by 1524, “religious images were removed from the city churches, and fasting and clerical celibacy were abolished,” and in 1525, “the Latin mass was replaced with a vernacular communion service”
During the Age of Reformation people were greatly against the abuses that existed in the Roman Catholic Church. A couple of abuses that were greatly stressed were the selling of indulgences, simony, and nepotism. It was some of these same abuses that prompted German reformist Martin Luther to write his 95 Theses. And for the Council of Trent to later address them in a series of meetings.
Martin Luther became a devoted monk after being caught in a storm and praying that if God would spare him his life, he would run away to become a monk, even though it meant disappointing his father greatly. During the sixteenth century, 1505, he had a hard time feeling like he deserved God's salvation, until he was given the opportunity to travel to Rome for a church conference. Although he left the conference feeling more diluted about God's word than he did before. When Luther arrived back in Germany he enrolled in a university, Luther excelled in studies and later became a professor in theology. With countless hours of studying scripture, he finally was able to have
Why is the Catholic Church so corrupt in its teaching? They have found ways to control the knowledge that their followers contemplate on. The control of knowledge and power is the foundation for every successful religious organization. The Catholic Church have acquired this power through strategic control on the mind of its follower. The Catholic Church propagate their ideals as righteous in order to be accepted; for without this acceptance, they are faced with the task of initiating this power through force. So to beguile their followers, they present themselves in “sheep clothing” (KJV, Matt 7:15). They are accepted as blameless, peaceful, loving and harmless but in actuality, “they are ravening wolves” (KJV, Matt. 7:15).
The Roman Catholic Church had complete influence over the lives of everyone in medieval society, including their beliefs and values. The Church’s fame in power and wealth had provided them with the ability to make their own laws and follow their own social hierarchy. With strong political strength in hand, the Church could even determine holidays and festivals. It gained significant force in the arts, education, religion, politics as well as their capability to alter the feudal structure through their wealth and power. The Church was organised into a hierarchical system that sustained the Church’s stability and control over the people and lower clergy, by organising them into different groups.
Luther started his education at a Latin school in Mansfield. There he received training in the Latin language and learned about the Ten Commandments, the Lord’s Prayer and morning and evening prayers. In 1497 Luther was sent to a school in Magdeburg run by the Brethren of the Common Life, a lay monastic group whose focus on personal piety had a lasting influence on him. In 1501 he enrolled at the University of Erfurt, the best University of the time in Germany. Luther took course in the liberal arts and received the baccalaureate degree in 1502. He obtained his master’s degree three years later. Since Luther graduated from the arts faculty he could chose to pursue graduate work in one of the three disciplines law, medicine, or theology. Due...
2. The Roman Catholic church did its best to regulate the belief of Catholic Christians from the early church to the Reformation, labeling some beliefs orthodox and some heretical. Discuss at least two examples of instances before 1500 in which the church attempted to control belief and then discuss the career of Martin Luther. Why was Luther able to successfully break with the church when previous dissenters were not? Be sure to support your answer with evidence from our class sources.