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Study guide to the dsm 5
Symptoms of bipolar disorder sample essay
Study guide to the dsm 5
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Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health conditions in the U.S. that affects, men, women, teens and even the elderly. Most of the time depression goes unrecognized or even untreated. It may be normal for people to experience feelings of sadness or anger for short periods of time. Usually this may last a few days due to temporary circumstances that may happen in an individual’s life, but if these feelings occur for an extended period of time, it may be a sign of major depression. Bipolar disorder may be confused with major depression. An individual having recurring depression and mania for an extended period differentiates bipolar disorder. As a healthcare professional, it is important to educate individuals and their families who have a mental health illness so that they can pay attention to important cues so that they can be addressed properly. This case study refers to a female patient diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-V) is a publication/diagnostic tool, used by healthcare professionals to diagnose mental disorders (Psychiatry Online, n.d) Bipolar disorder may be confused with major depression. Bipolar disorder is differentiated by an individual having reoccurring depression and mania for an extended period of time. These episodic mood shifts can lead to excessively elevated or irritable mood. Many believe that this disorder can lightly stem from a combination of genetic and non-genetic factors (WebMD, 2014). According to statistics, the average onset for bipolar disorder is in the mid-to late 20s, but over the years the average age has been decreasing. The prevalence of bipolar is approximately 2.6% in the population at large with 82.9% of these cases cl... ... middle of paper ... ...erence in treatment is that bipolar depression cannot be cured, therefore it is complicated for the individual to become compliant with their medications even though they may not have had an episode in a while. Some of the medications used for bipolar disorder may include lithium, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. Some of these medications may have undesirable side effects causing the individual to stop the medication. Major depression treatments may include antidepressants and even psychosocial treatments. Some individuals may not want to take either bipolar medications or antidepressants do with the stigma that’s associated with these drugs. Having a mental illness can be upsetting and embarrassing do to our society. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, bipolar disorder is a hereditary disorder. These corrections are powered by
A 38-year-old single woman, Gracie, was referred for treatment of depressed mood. She spoke of being stressed out due to conflicts at work, and took a bunch of unknown pills. She reported feeling a little depressed prior to this event following having ovarian surgery and other glandular medical problems. She appeared mildly anxious and agitated. She is frequently tearful, but says she does not have any significant sleep or appetite disturbance. She does, however, endorse occasional suicidal ideation, but no perceptual disturbances and her thoughts are logical and goal-directed.
According to the documentary, medicine is the most commonly used intervention mechanism to elevate and dull symptoms of bipolar disorder (2016). Of all the medicine used to combat bipolar disorder, lithium, is considered the “gold standard.” It has been shown to be the most effective and consistent and treating symptoms, however, only 30% of patients benefit from using lithium (2016). Other medications can be used, but have varying levels of effectiveness in patients. It often takes years for patients to find the right mixture of medication to help combat symptoms. For some patients with bipolar, medication is useless at fighting symptoms (2016). For example, the video followed Gary who was desperate for treatment and who was thought to be medication resistant. He elected to participate in Electro-convulsive therapy (ETC), which induces remission in 80% of patients and has been known to be rapidly effective for those with bi-polar disorder. For Gary, the treatment was used to apply electric current to the brain. This current changed the way neurons connect to one another in his brain and even stimulated the
Bipolar Disorder (Formerly known as Manic Depression) is a mental illness linked to alterations in moods such as mood swings, mania, and depression. There is more than one type, Bipolar I and Bipolar II, and the subcategories are divided by the severity of the symptoms seen, such as cyclothymic disorder, seasonal mood changes, rapid cycling disorder and psychosis. Age of onset usually occurs between 15-30 years old with an average onset of 25 years old but it can affect all ages. (Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital , 2013) Bipolar disorder affects more than two million people in the United States every year. (Gardner, 2011)
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong mood disorder characterized by periods of mania, depression, or a mixed manic-depressive state. The condition can seriously affect a person’s reasoning, understanding, awareness, and behavior. Acco...
For this assignment we are asked to research the chosen diagnosis that was selected back in Module 1 for this course. For the paper the chosen diagnosis was Major Depressive Disorder. By utilizing a minimum of five sources we are asked to answer the following questions. We are asked to describe the selected disorder, we also need to identify the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic category and as well as distinguish diagnostic and commonly used terminology. We then are asked to give the causative factors, the diagnosis, and the treatment of the disorder. Last we are asked to provide a survey of current research on this chosen disorder. (Argosy University, Module 3, 2014)
The severe mood fluctuations of bipolar or manic-depressive disorders have been around since the 16-century and affect little more than 2% of the population in both sexes, all races, and all parts of the world (Harmon 3). Researchers think that the cause is genetic, but it is still unknown. The one fact of which we are painfully aware of is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Because the symptoms of bipolar disorder are so debilitation, it is crucial that we search for possible treatments and cures.
Bipolar disorder is the condition in which one’s mood switches from periods of extreme highs known as manias to periods of extreme lows known as depression. The name bipolar comes from the root words bi (meaning two) and polar (meaning opposite) (Peacock, 2000). Though often bipolar disorder is developed in a person’s late teens to early adulthood; bipolar disorder’s early symptoms can sometimes be found in young children or may develop later on in life (National Institutes of, 2008). Bipolar disorder has been found to affect both men and women equally. Currently the exact cause of bipolar disorder is not yet known, however it has been found to occur most often in the relatives of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder (National Center for, 2010).
Bipolar Disorder is a serious and complicated mood disorder characterized by abnormal fluctuations between an individual’s high and low moods. Mania, Depression, Hypomania and Mixed Episodes are the predominant moods that can be identified in the different forms of Bipolar Disorder (GlaxoSmithKlein, 2007). The etiology, symptomology, and treatment for each mood and form of Bipolar Disorder vary as well. Moods can be identified by a person’s level of happiness, sadness, outlook on life and how he may physically feel (Mondimore, 2006). Patients struggling with Bipolar Disorder have difficulty regulating the euphoric highs of mania, the “black hole” feelings of depression, the “softer side” of hypomania and the incessant cycling of Mixed Episodes. With so many different forms of this mood disorder, Bipolar Disorder can be difficult to recognize and treat.
Some people think all types of bipolar can be treated in the same manner. Different forms of bipolar has to be treated in a special way to what suits the disorder. There is medication to help reduce the symptoms of Bipolar I disorder. Abilify, Zyprexa, Risperdal and Geodon are all antipsychotic medications. People suffering from bipolar are required to take medication to help with their symptoms. Treating the disease can sever multiple purposes. It helps for the person to get a better understanding of their disorder and in what ways can they manage it. As mentioned earlier it helps reduce their symptoms and episodes. Early treatment can stop the person from going into depressive episodes, making their disorder worsen in one way than another. Treatment comes in big time when keeping the person stabilized, which protects the person and the people around the person. Another way of treatment is hospitalization. Undiagnosed people with bipolar I usually end up in the hospital after their first manic episode. Manic episodes are pretty to the extreme and are by nature. If an individual is brought to the hospital, usually family members or paramedics have requested them to have a mental health evaluation. Once a person with the disorder is released from the hospital the outpatient treatment is crucial for the person. If not treated correctly the person may experience recurrent hospitalizations which can occur even on medication. Immediate hospitalization is required once a person enters into the major depressive episode of bipolar I. People in this stage are considered a threat to others and themselves. They are at high risk for suicides and being depressed severely. Hospitalized patients also receive 24/7 observations and help from psychiatrist during their stay in the hospital. They also get the chance to talk to psychiatrist during a group or solo sessions. Many patients are placed on mood stabilizers first when
The condition of severe and persistent treatment resistant Major Depressive Disorder prompted treatment with S-Adenosyl Methionine, which resulted in new and unusual tactile and visual hallucinations which the patient described as being of mice and snakes crawling on their body.
In the early 1900s the eminent German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926) studied the natural course of the untreated disorder and found it to be punctuated by relatively symptom-free intervals. Interestingly, Kraepelin did not distinguish between people with both manic and depressive episodes and people with only depressive episodes with psychotic symptoms. This distinction dates back only to the 1960s, and is largely responsible for the modern emphasis on bipolarity, and hence on mood elevation, as the defining feature of the disorder. Mostly the people who have bipolar disorder have a death and suicidal thought. The women’s who have a bipolar disorder regret that they have this kind of disease because they think about missing out life little moments and happiness. They always feel worried and empty and they can’t even enjoy anything. People with bipolar disorder have the symptoms of forgetting a lot and also they tent to eat a lot of food or they just eat little. If you have a bipolar disorder and you get the proper diagnose and treatment, you will live healthy life style and its
For the purposes of this literature review, the PubMed and Clinicalkey database was used through the Medical Library of the National Guard Health Services. This research emphasizes on types of bipolar disorder and its risk factors in adults. Therefore, the following four search terms were used: bipolar disorder, risk factors, adult. As a result of using these 4 search terms, articles were found. The following literature review provides a brief summary of information contained in those articles.
Change of moods is a common occurrence but some are drastic and lead to intense fluctuations in activity and energy levels. Such changes call for medical interventions. Patients with bipolar disorder risk their schoolwork, safety, health and jobs and constitute approximately 5.7 million adult Americans (The Huffington Post, 2014). Major depression is characterized by a long period of sadness. It makes people lose sleep and experience eating disorders and affects approximately 14.8 million adult Americans. Combined genetic, psychological and environmental factors are likely to cause depression (The Huffington Post, 2014). This information on the prevalence of bipolar disorder and depression was carried out by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).
Bipolar disorder is a major public health problem associated with significant morbidity and a high mortality risk. Several factors make treatment complex, including the fluctuation of mood episodes and the effects of these episodes on patient well-being, treatment non adherence, and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Guidelines are available for mania, depression, and other episodes. A number of pharmacologic and psychosocial treatments are under study in randomized trials.
Everyone is different but usually the person will have to take a mood stabilizer such as lithium or valproate. In the depressed stage, people with bipolar cannot take normal antidepressant because they can onset mania or hypomania so they have to take different kinds of antidepressants that won’t onset mania like, SSRI’s or Dual Action Antidepressants. When they are going through mania or hypomania, as well as the mood stabilizer they may have to take an atypical antipsychotic. Lithium has been used in the treatment of bipolar disorder for over 50 years and is still used now but it is only fairly recently that there has been innovation in the treatment of this disorder. It was a long time before anything new was discovered in the way of treatment like anticonvulsants and atypical