Keegan Heye
Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about various festivals of South American countries as a group, and to inform the audience about the Carnaval de Barraquilla as an individual.
Introduction
Attention Getter:
Thesis Statement: The Carnaval de Barranquilla, which has remained a prominent festival in South America because of its diverse history, is rich in traditions and has an influential impact on Colombian people.
Preview: Today, I am going to discuss the history of Barranquilla and how that determined the structure of its carnaval, some of the traditions within the carnaval, and what the carnaval means to the people of Barranquilla and Colombia.
Transition: Much of what makes the Carnaval de Barranquilla unique
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is the history behind it. Body I.
The Carnaval de Barranquilla stems from diverse community.
a. While many cities around Barranquilla were founded by Spanish conquistadores, Barranquilla itself was formed from indigenous people of Tierrandentro, Maroons, and free slaves from Cartagena.
b. Carnaval was a tradition from Spain that first began in Cartagena and moved to Barranquilla in the 1800’s according to Edgar Rey Sinning (Rey Sinning, 2004)
i. Carnaval diminished in the cities around it, including Cartegena, but remained in Barranquilla because it was a melting pot that valued freedom and individuality.
c. Through its history, the Carnaval de Barranquilla had three stages (Birbragher).
i. In the beginning, it was origionally a Carnaval de Pueblo that focused on religion and community.
ii. As Barranquilla grew, became a Carnaval de Barrio, which was a celebration among people of common backgrounds.
iii. It modernized into the Carnaval de Cuidad at the end of the 19th century, where everyone celebrated together, although there was some class separation.
d. Today, the four day carnaval is broken into three days with specific events.
i. On the first day, the Batalla de Flores parade lasts 6 hours and is headed by the queen of the
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carnaval. ii. On the second day, the Gran Parada highlights traditional dances, costumes, and music. iii. The third day is filled with the Festival of Orchestras and traditional latin and Caribbean bands. iv. On the fourth day, the carnaval winds down and the death of Joselito Carnaval os mourned. Transition: The carnival brings brings to light many traditions in its customs and costumes. II. Although the festivities look nothing like an A&M event, the traditions it holds are not completely different from A&M’s. a. A queen and a “King Momo” are selected to lead the celebrations, along with a king and queen for the Carnaval de los Niños. i. The queen usually wears traditional dresses and costumes, while the king wears traditional clothes unless he belongs to a specific troupe. b. The Marimondas formed as a way to make fun of elites. i. They are one of the few carnaval characters that originated from Barranquilla and are therefore one of the most popular. ii. They are distinguishable by their large ears, long noses, and backwards pants. c. Other costumes include El Congo. i. Performers don large headdresses and do a warlike dance with wooden machetes. ii. It originated from African slaves from Cartagena. d. Although many musical styles are celebrated during the carnaval, one of the most influential is the Cumbia. (Tamayo Duque) i. The cumbia originated from Colombia and combines the dances and rythms brought together by native Colombia people, black Africans, and a few Spanish elements. ii. The cumbia is mostly performed while wearing traditional clothing. e. At the end of the festival, there is the tradition of Joselito’s funeral. Jose, who “died” after four days of partying, is paraded through the streets in a casket while is widows sob nearby. Transition: Just like Aggie traditions mean a lot to us, traditions represented in the Carnaval de Barranquilla mean a lot to Colombian people.
III. According to ________________, the Carnaval de Barranquilla is the second largest South American carnaval behind Rio in Brazil.
a. Because this carnaval has grown so big, special measures have been taken to endure the traditions within it aren’t threatened.
i. In 2001, the Colombian government proclaimed it was a National Cultural Heritage, and in 2003 it was proclaimed a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by the UN.
b. Like Aggie traditions, it creates special bonds with the people involved.
i. According to Angelica Lascar’s _______, the carnaval allows and encourages bond creation and strengthening between people and their traditions.
ii. According to Cesar Forero’s thesis paper titled Carnival Image and Duality, it is also an outlet for common people express their opinion of the world today, including criticism of their government.
c. Not only does the carnaval help spread spread traditions, but it also spreads awareness.
i. In 2014 the Carnaval de Barranquilla joined the blue heart campaign in order to raise awareness for human
trafficking. Transition Conclusion Review: The Carnaval de Barranquilla has remained a large festival due to the Last Thought:
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