The discussion of all Canadians having divulged rights and freedoms began in 1958. These rights and freedoms provide Canadians with support from the government, and the knowledge of their prominence within the country by showing them that they are in fact appreciated and deserve to have humans rights and receive respect as such. Prime Minister John Diefenbaker first initiated Canadian rights and freedoms and he institutionalized the Canadian Bill of Rights. But the bill was not constituted by any constitution. This meaning that the bill was only applied to federal laws and could not override any pre-existing laws. Additionally, Britain had the control to make changes and edit the bill, as Canada did not have its own constitution, These faults …show more content…
in the bill led for it to be superseded by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in the Canadian Constitution in 1982. Furthermore, the Constitution Act substituted the BNA Act (British North America Act) because of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau.
This replacement gave Canada more independence and allowed the government, as well as the citizens, to have the ability to control their needs without the influence and the approval of Britain. But, achieving one of the most defining changes for Canada was not easy. Trudeau received the opposition of eight out of the ten provinces. Despite the opposition, Trudeau moved along and announced that “he would proceed alone and would ask the British to amend the BNA Act according to a resolution from the Parliament in Ottawa” (Azzi, Jan 27, 2016, online). The replacement of the Act became official when Queen Elizabeth II signed the proclamation in Ottawa on April 17th, 1982 and “...completed the unfinished business of Canadian independence…” (Azzi, Jan 27, 2016, online). The Charter identifies all the rights and freedoms that all Canadian citizens obtain. When the rights and freedoms are not followed in cases through the legal system, the trial would be appealed. This suggests that an additional use of the Charter is as a legal tool to protect those in the legal system. In several sections of the Charter, all the rights and freedoms are …show more content…
affirmed; Section 1: Guarantee of Rights and Freedoms Section 2: Fundamental Freedoms Section 3-5: Democratic Rights Section 6: Mobility Rights Section 7-14: Legal Rights Section 15: Equality Rights Section 16-22: Official Languages of Canada Section 23: Minority Language Educational Rights Section 24: Enforcement Section 25-31: General Section 32-33: Application of Charter Section 52: Constitution Act, 1982 The Charter and Constitution also allows for the identity and culture of all Canadians to be created, as well as being a crucial factor in social and political changes through the 1980s. Canadian culture cannot be characterized or labeled easily.
With multiculturalism being heavily encouraged in Canada and enforced in the Charter in Section 27, “...preservation and enhancement of the multicultural heritage of Canadians. Canadians are proud of the fact that Canada is home to many cultural groups,” (Federal Government,1982,27) Canadian culture is simply not one culture. Canada was originally a colony of Britain, so many Canadian lives were and continue to be influenced by the British. An example of the influence is the Queen’s face on Canadian currency. This suggests that Canada’s culture includes other cultural aspects. Having its own constitution allows for Canada to have a sense of independence and begin having its own separate identity from Britain. An additional section in the Charter recognizes that a large part of Canadian culture is being bilingual. The Official Language Act from sections 16-22 shows that everyone has the right to speak both languages and both of those languages are equal. Both the Constitution and the Charter brought social and political change and movement in
Canada. Social and political change and movement are always necessary for a revolutionizing democracy. Pierre Trudeau believed “that a strong democracy needed the protection of people’s rights from the power of the state in its supreme law,” (Paradis, May 9, 2017, online), which pushed him to initiate the Constitution. Canadian society needs to have clearly stated rights to be able to function. These rights control what authority citizens have and enforce laws that must be followed. Political control is equally as important. Democratic rights of Canadians are listed in sections 3-5. Section 4 states that “no House of Commons and no legislative assembly shall continue for longer than five years from the date fixed for the return of the writs at a general election of its members,” (Federal Gov.,1982,4) meaning that the government must change, and hold re-elections at least every 5 years. Without either the Constitution or Charter, Canada would not be in the state it is now. Human rights are immensely important and should be a top priority for every country and citizens. The Constitution and Charter allow for Canadian citizen rights that are protected. Section 1: Guarantee of Rights and Freedoms Section 2: Fundamental Freedoms Section 3-5: Democratic Rights Section 6: Mobility Rights Section 7-14: Legal Rights Section 15: Equality Rights Section 16-22: Official Languages of Canada Section 23: Minority Language Educational Rights Section 24: Enforcement Section 25-31: General Section 32-33: Application of Charter Section 52: Constitution Act, 1982 The Charter and Constitution also allows for the identity and culture of all Canadians to be created, as well as being a crucial factor in social and political changes through the 1980s.
A century ago, Canada was under control by the British Empire. The battles we fought the treaties we signed and the disputes we solved all helped us gain independence from our mother country “Britain”. Canadians fought a long battle protecting others, and from these battles we gained our peaceful reputation and our independence from Britain. Canada became a nation on July, 1st 1867. Although we were an independent country, our affairs and treaties were all still signed by Britain. In the next years Canada would establish its own government, and lead its own affairs. Many important events led to Canada’s independence, one of the earliest signals that Canada wanted to establish autonomy was the Chanak affair of 1921. In addition the battle of Normandy, which occurred on June 6 1944, contributed to the autonomy of Canada. The Suez Canal Crisis, which took place in the year 1956, earned Canada a place in the media spotlight, displaying Canada as a peaceful country that deserves the right to be independent. One of the final steps that aided with Canada’s independence from Britain was the Canada Act of 1982. Independence from Britain steadily increased throughout the 20th century because of political decisions made in Canada.
Moreover, although no powers or rights have been explicitly ‘reserved’ to the people, supporters of the charter nevertheless appear to give Canadians hope that the possibility may exist. COMPARISON OF BILL OF RIGHTS AND THE CANADIAN CHARTER... ... middle of paper ... ...
Cameron, Jamie. "Justice in Her Own Right: Bertha Wilson and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms." The Law Society of Upper Canada. N.p., 2008. Web. 29 Dec. 2013. .
Obviously, the passing of the Statute of Westminster did not happened out of sudden and with no serious reason since it was one of the most fundamental changes in relationship between the British Empire and its dominions. It was the consequence of a substantial process of slowly granting more and more rights to the dominions, which finally lead not only Canada but also Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and the Irish Free State to their independence. After the end of World War One a big desire rose in Canada to become more independent from Britain and Canadian politicians sought to capitalize on the enormous sacrifices Canada had made during the war as nearly 60 000 Canadian soldiers died on the European battlefields pressing on to end the war against Germany. At that time Canadian Prime Minister Robert Borden mentioned that “The dominions have fought in the war upon the principle of equal nationhood. That principle has been consecrated by the efforts and sacrifices” and “it must be maint...
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms is the strong foundation for the diverse country of Canada. They uphold various beliefs and values Canadians may have. Under the constitution in 1982, the CRF (Charter of Rights and Freedoms) was entrenched by then Prime Minister Trudeau. The CRF has 4 rights; Equality, legal, democratic and mobility, there is also 4 freedoms; of Conscience and Religion, of thought, belief, expression and media, of peaceful assembly, and Association. If people feel that their right and/or freedom has been violated, they can go to court by using a “Charter Challenge. ” A charter challenge is when something inequitable or unfair has been done, the citizen can pursue the court case stating that something violated their rights and/or freedoms. All the rights and freedoms help
MacDonnell, Vanessa A. "The Protective Function And Section 7 Of The Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms." Review Of Constitutional Studies 17.1 (2012): 53-85. Academic Search Complete. Web. 16 Nov. 2013.
Section 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom states that no individual within the country of Canada will be subjected to cruel and unusual punishment. This law encompasses things such as prison sentences, executions and torture. One of the arguments used in the defense of Daniel Peltier’s case is that his verdict could possibly be considered cruel and unusual punishment. However, Mr. Peltier has admitted to supply underage youth with alcohol and medically prescribed drugs - which was originally meant for his mother - for money. As a result of this infringement, one of the youths that had consumed the drug had an inauspicious medical crisis and had to immediately be hospitalized. Fortunately, the youth recuperated. This all could’ve all been avoided had Daniel Peltier had not sold drugs to underage kids. He is capable of making sane and mature decisions as he is mentally stable and
According to Thomas Jefferson, all men are created equal with certain unalienable rights. Unalienable rights are rights given to the people by their Creator rather than by government. These rights are inseparable from us and can’t be altered, denied, nullified or taken away by any government, except in extremely rare circumstances in which the government can take action against a particular right as long as it is in favor of the people’s safety. The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America mentions three examples of unalienable rights: “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”. I believe these rights, since they are acquired by every human being from the day they are conceived, should always be respected, but being realistic, most of the time, the government intervenes and either diminishes or
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s 2, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11.
...I truly think that the Charter of Rights and Freedoms has paved a path for creating a free and democratic Canada and I believe it will create Canada as the greatest democratic nation.
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was signed into law by Queen Elizabeth II April 17, 1982. Often referred to as the Charter, it affirms the rights and freedoms of Canadians in the Constitution of Canada. The Charter encompasses fundamental freedoms, democratic rights, mobility rights, legal rights, language rights and equality rights. The primary function of the Charter is to act as a regulatory check between Federal, Provincial and Territorial governments and the Canadian people. Being a successor of the Canadian Bill of Rights that was a federal statute, amendable by Parliament, the Charter is a more detailed and explicit constitutional document that has empowered the judiciary to render regulations and statutes at both the federal and provincial levels of government unconstitutional. Although the rights and freedoms of Canadians are guaranteed, Sections one and seven of the Charter permit the federal and provincial governments to limit the rights and freedoms enjoyed by Canadians. Section one of the Charter designated ‘Rights and freedoms in Canada’ states “The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the rights and freedoms set out in it subject only to such reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.” This section is frequently referred to and better known as the reasonable limits clause. The second rights and freedoms limiting section of the Charter, known as the ‘notwithstanding clause’ is Section thirty-three entitled ‘Exception where express declaration’ declares
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was enacted under the Pierre Trudeau government on April 17, 1982. According to Phillip Bryden, “With the entrenchment of the Charter into the Canadian Constitution, Canadians were not only given an explicit definition of their rights, but the courts were empowered to rule on the constitutionality of government legislation” (101). Prior to 1982, Canada’s central constitutional document was the British North America Act of 1867. According to Kallen, “The BNA Act (the Constitution Act, 1867) makes no explicit reference to human rights” (240). The adoption of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms significantly transformed the operation of Canada’s political system. Presently, Canadians define their needs and complaints in human rights terms. Bryden states, “More and more, interest groups and minorities are turning to the courts, rather than the usual political processes, to make their grievances heard” (101). Since it’s inception in 1982 the Charter has become a very debatable issue. A strong support for the Charter remains, but there also has been much criticism toward the Charter. Academic critics of the Charter such as Robert Martin believe that the Charter is doing more harm than good, and is essentially antidemocratic and UN-Canadian. I believe that Parliament’s involvement in implementing the Charter is antidemocratic, although, the Charter itself represents a democratic document. Parliament’s involvement in implementing the Charter is antidemocratic because the power of the executive is enhanced at the expense of Parliament, and the power of the judiciary is enhanced at the expense of elected officials, although, the notwithstanding clause continues to provide Parliament with a check on...
Individual rights play a major role in the Canadian constitution. The constitution Act, 1982 comprises seven components, four of the seven components of the Constitution Act, 1982, have a consequential role because they deal directly with the rights of citizens. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms became a fundamental part of the constitution when the Constitution was patriated in 1982. The Charter takes priority over other legislation because it is “entrenched” in the Constitution, it assures citizens of Canada fundamental freedoms, democratic rights, the right to move from one province or territory to another in Canada, legal, equality and language rights, and Aboriginal rights (section 1-34). The Charter additionally defends the individual and determines fairness during legal matters and especially in illegal situations. Canadians are secure against stubborn searches and seizures, and against police utilizing exorbitant force, even when a search or seizure is sanctioned by law. Citizens of Canada ...
In 1791, the Bill of Rights, consisting of 10 amendments, was ratified into the constitution. The document’s purpose was to spell out the liberties of the people that the government could not infringe upon. Considered necessary by many at the time of its development, the Bill of Rights became the cause for a huge debate between two different factions: The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federalists were those who thought that there should be a new Union created with a strong centralized government and individual regional governments. They felt that it was not necessary for there to be a bill of rights because it was implied that those rights the Constitution did not specifically state would be handed down to the states. On the other hand, the Anti-Federalists were opposed to such a form of government on the grounds that the Constitution, in which it was outlined, lacked clarity in the protections of the individuals. The Anti-Federalists—whose memory of British oppression was still fresh in their minds—wanted certain rights and guarantees that were to be apart of the constitution (Glasser 1991). A clear demonstration of the Anti-Federalist attitude was performed by Samuel Bryan, who published a series of essays named the ‘Cenitnal Essays,’ which “assailed the sweeping power of the central government, the usurpation of state sovereignty, and the absence of a bill of rights guaranteeing individual liberties such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion (Bran 1986).” Of course, the freedoms stated above are a portion and not the whole of The Bill of Rights. Ultimately, The Bill of Rights was adopted to appease the Anti-Federalists, whose support was necessary to ratify the constitution, and who believed that without the liberties granted therein, the new constitution—that they thought was vague and granted too much power to the central government—would give way to an elite tyrannical government.
A component of Canada’s Constitution is the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This supreme law of Canada holds our common values as a nation. Queen Elizabeth and Prime Minister, Pierre Trudeau, signed the Constitution Act in 1982, this act includes the British North America Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.Governments stating new laws are guided by this charter. When applying these laws, courts are then guided by the same charter. It is important that we recognize the peace and clarity that the Charter of Rights and Freedoms brought upon our country. Before the Charter existed, there was limited solutions to unfair laws passed by an elected government, this led to a lack of protection for minority rights or fundamental freedoms.