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Psychological effects on human behaviour in prison
Psychology of imprisonment
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The author of Escape from Camp 14 and the Allegory of the Cave are trying to show how isolation and manipulation of the individual’s environment can affect their mental and physical state. Imprisonment can cause an individual to perceive and respond differently from the norm when trying to survive and to learn how to succeed in their environment. Their confinement and fear of the unknown have caused them to become afraid and given control to their manipulator. Unfortunately,these individuals have been in their control environments since birth so are not able to see or have knowledge of anything else besides what they are taught. For instance, in Camp 14 the government has placed rules to control the prisoners within its walls by implementing …show more content…
a “closely regulated chamber in which guards assert absolute control over prisoners.” In Allegory of the Cave the prisoners are chained “with their legs and necks in bond so that they are fixed, seeing only in front of them, unable because of the bond to turn their head all the way around.” Since their childhood their necks and legs are positioned to look straight at the wall in front of them. Behind the prisoners is a fire and between the fire and the prisoner is a “low wall built along it, like the screens which conjurors put up in front of their audience, and above which they exhibit their wonders.” People would pass by these walls carrying statues and all sorts of materials while talking would create a shadow. The sounds and talks of the people the prisoners connected them to the shadows. When their environment changed, they had difficulty adapting because the trauma haunted them and their prior knowledge made it difficult to accept what they see or are being told is the truth. The environments were controlled by limiting access to knowledge that was common to the outside world and limiting their options.
They were brainwashed not to question what they see and manipulated them by depriving them of food, abusing them psychologically and physically. Shin states that “he had been trained by guards and teachers to believe that every time he was beaten, he deserved it.” The camp forced Shin to adjust to its ways of living and never to question it. “As a matter of instinct, Shin was reluctant to ask for anything. The teachers in the labour camp would punish children who asked questions. His environment discouraged him from perceiving positive things as fair and normal. Individuals like Shin do not trust authority figures instead would question in their mind and become paranoid about what their true intentions are. The change of structure and prior abuse affected how he saw others including himself. In Allegory of the Cave they would doubt what they saw when removed from the dark cave as they were accustomed and believed that the shadows projected on the wall were real. Plato assumes that if the prisoner’s known environment is removed they would feel guilty, lost and unable to free themselves from their chains just as Shin’s trauma continue to haunt him. “His nightmares would not go away.He found his comfortable, well-nourished life impossible to reconcile with the grisly images from Camp 14 that played inside his head.” Although he was no longer in this
environment, he still had nightmares of his mother and of the things he saw or did to survive. Shin had difficulty accepting or seeing eye to eye with others as he only had knowledge of what was taught to him. In Allegory of the Cave the prisoners doubted what is real since they perceive shadows as an actual person that created sounds and not someone doing puppeteer by the fire. In conclusion, both Shin and the prisoners have difficulty leaving behind this way of life and thinking because they have not experienced any other. Shin lived in a structured environment that was full of lies and inhumane conditions. His upbringing forced him to adapt and adjust to the camp’s rules.People that he met along the way such as Uncle and Park were able to make Shin aware and educate him on the outside world but it was not sufficient. In Allegory of the Cave the prisoners were unable to break free from the made up reality they knew, but had difficulty accepting something different because they had no other exposure but the shadows cast inside the cave. They do not have the capacity to associate the shadows with something from the outside they cannot see. It is difficult to accept something as a norm and truthful when it is different from the knowledge you are familiar with.
After reading the book I have gained a new understanding of what inmates think about in prison. Working in an institution, I have a certain cynical attitude at times with inmates and their requests. Working in a reception facility, this is a facility where inmates are brought in from the county jails to the state intake facility, we deal with a lot of requests and questions. At times, with the phone ringing off the hook from family members and inmates with their prison request forms, you get a little cynical and tired of answering the same questions over and over. As I read the book I begin to understand some of the reason for the questions. Inmate(s) now realize that the officers and administrative personnel are in control of their lives. They dictate with to get up in the morning, take showers, eat meals, go to classes, the need see people for different reason, when to exercise and when to go to bed. The lost of control over their lives is a new experience for some and they would like to be able to adjust to this new lost of freedom. Upon understanding this and in reading the book, I am not as cynical as I have been and try to be more patient in answering questions. So in a way I have changed some of my thinking and understanding more of prison life.
A reality where the prisoner is dehumanized and have their rights and mental health abused. “I have endured lockdowns in buildings with little or no heat; lockdowns during which authorities cut off the plumbing completely, so contraband couldn’t be flushed away; and lockdowns where we weren’t allowed out to shower for more than a month” (Hopkins 154). A prisoner currently must survive isolation with improper shelter in the form of heat. Issues compound with a lack of running water and bathing, a proven severe health danger, especially for someone lacking proper nutrients such as a prisoner in lockdown. These abuses of physical well being then manifest into damage of prisoners’ mental well being. “Perhaps I should acknowledge that the lockdown-and, indeed, all these years-have damaged more than I want to believe” (Hopkins 156). Even for the experienced prisoner the wrath of unethically long lockdowns still cause mental damage. Each and every isolation period becomes another psychological beating delivered as the justice system needlessly aims to damage the already harmed inmates. The damage is so profound inmates even recognize the harm done to them by their jailors. An armed and widely used psychological weapon, the elongated lockdown procedures decimate mental health each and every time
Solitary confinement has the ability to shatter even the healthiest mind when subjected to indefinite lockdown, yet the mentally ill, who are disproportionately represented in the overall prison population, make up the majority of inmates who are held in that indefinite lockdown. Within your average supermax prison in which all inmates are subjected to an elevated form of solitary confinement, inmates face a 23-hour lockdown, little to no form of mental or physical stimulation that is topped off with no human interaction beyond the occasional guard to inmate contact. It is no wonder ‘torture’ is often used synonymously to describe solitary confinement. For years, cases arguing against solitary confinement have contested against its inhumane
These treatments caused physical and psychological changes in these innocent prisoners. Prisoners at night had to undergo harsh treatments that left them acting and thinking like animals. Dehumanization. The. The story begins with Eliezer, a young Jewish boy, describing his life in a concentration camp.
“Loneliness is a destroyer of humanity” and “The agony of solitary confinement is like being buried alive”, are only some of the thoughts of inmates placed in solitary confinement. In his article “Hellhole”, Gawande elaborates the disastrous consequences that arose from solitary confinement. Gawande begins his article by stating, “Human beings are social creatures” (1), and to exist in society as a functioning human being, social interaction is fundamental. He further states, “Our identities are socially created” (8), therefore, it is through the relationships that
In the Stanford Prison Experiment, a study done with the participation of a group of college students with similar backgrounds and good health standing who were subjected to a simulated prison environment. The participants were exposed completely to the harsh environment of a real prison in a controlled environment with specific roles of authority and subordinates assigned to each individual. The study was formulated based on reports from Russian novelist Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Dostoevsky had spent four years in a Siberian prison and his view on how a man is able to withstand anything after experiencing the horrors of prison prompted Dr. Philip Zimbardo a Professor of Psychology at Stanford and his
As people, we tend to believe everything we see. Do we ever take the time to stop and think about what is around us? Is it reality, or are we being deceived? Reality is not necessarily what is in front of us, or what is presented to us. The environment that we are placed or brought up has a great impact on what we perceive to be the truth or perceive to be reality. Plato’s Allegory of the Cave is one of the most significant attempts to explain the nature of reality. The cave represents the prisoners, also known as the people. They are trapped inside of a cave. They are presented with shadows of figures, and they perceive that to be reality. The cave can be used as a
The Allegory of the Cave is a parable that demonstrates how humans are afraid of change and what they do not know. In this work, Plato suggests a situation in which men are living in an underground cave. The one entrance is located near the top and there, a burning fire casts shadow. The men of the cave are chained so that they can only see the wall and cannot turn around. When objects pass by it creates a shadow on the wall. The shadows are the only thing they can see and therefore is the only thing they know to exist (747). Somehow one of them gets loose and wanders outside the cave (748). When he gets out, he is astonished at what he finds. He comes back in to tell the others about what he saw. The other men think he is mad and plot to kill him (749). This illustrates how fear, inherent in the primitive nature of man, only serves to promote his ignorance.
the prisoners in Plato's Allegory of the Cave. The imagery used in Young Goodman Brown amplifies the theme of the loss of
The “pains of imprisonment” can be divided into five main conditions that attack the inmate’s personality and his feeling of self-worth. The deprivations are as follows: The deprivation of liberty, of goods and services, of heterosexual relationships, autonomy and of security.
As they were slaves living in a cave full of darkness and despair, all they knew was limited to his surroundings. Although Plato said, “For how could they see anything but the shadows if they were never allowed to move their heads”? What he means by this is that the darkness, shadows, and voices are all the knowledge that they acquired since their feet and neck chained them. Therefore, being chain inside a cave is like being chain to a video game not being able to see what are imperative, such family, love, and realization.
In "The Allegory of the Cave," prisoners in a cave are forced to watch shadows as people behind them are forced to accept these shadows as reality -- "To them... the truth would be literally nothing but the shadows of the images. One prisoner, however, is released, and stumbles into the real world, containing more depth and complexity than they had ever known. At first, the prisoner will be pained at the bright, piercing light, but will eventually recover. According to Plato, the freed prisoner is then obligated to return to the shadows of the cave, to inform the shackled prisoners left behind of the real world. The prisoners, however, will not believe the freed prisoner, and may even go as afra s to kill him for such "lies" contrary to their "reality." The pursuit of the truth is, therefor, a painstaking but rewarding process. According to Plato, the physical world is a world of sight, one that lacks meaning if left alone. Only those who manage to break into the sunlight from the cave will ascend to the intellectual world. The prisoners in the shadows only know of the dull physical world, while those who ascend into the sunlight learn of the spiritual world, and are exposed to the first hints of truth. The soul ascends upward into the realm of goodness and of the truth, where "... souls are ever hastening into the upper world where they desire to dwell.." The pursuit of goodness and of the truth, then, improves the soul, as the soul desires to be elevated to a higher state of knowledge and morality. Caring for the self and the soul involves freeing the shackles of the physical world and ascending to the "... world of knowledge... the universal author of all things beautiful and right... and the immediate source of reason and truth in the intellectual..." The soul yearns to dwell in a world of morality and knowledge, and only the pursuit of
By doing things, we learn who we are and we learn our worth as a person. The two things solitary confinement does are make people solitary and idle” (Sifferlin, Alexandra). Isolation and confinement remove prisoners’ ability to perform significant tasks and act as a part of society.
It is certainly undeniable that the decision to commit a crime is ultimately individual, despite the fact that circumstances may make crime the option with greatest utility. It is also undeniable that central motivations for certain crimes are purely psychological or personal, like sexual assault without theft, or school shootings. Reform and rehabilitation, then, must be conducted individually, with respect and consideration of the emotional and psychological needs of criminals. The question is: can prisons meet these kind of needs? This is certainly a component of the governmental motivation behind nearly all prisons, or perhaps more of a justification for the stringent regulations placed upon the liberties of prisoners, such as physical confinement, structured time, manual labor, etc. It is suggested that these rules are for the good of the prisoners, but while these regulations are convenient for directing prisoners institutionally, the deprivation of liberties and dehumanization could have serious impacts on an individual’s psychological state. The physical and sexual violence most prisoners face from fellow inmates and from guards (Villines, 2013) compounds their punishment on a psychological level. Given that the justice system causes these psychological trauma to inmates, it
Plato, a student of Socrates, in his book “The Republic” wrote an allegory known as “Plato's Cave”. In Plato's allegory humans are trapped within a dark cave where they can only catch glimpses of the world above through shadows on the wall.2 Plato is describing how the typical human is. They have little knowledge and what they think they know has very little basis in fact. He describes these people as prisoners, in his allegory, and they are only free when they gain knowledge of the world above the cave.