1. What role does cultural heritage play in China’s view of business?
China’s view on business can be linked to its three general areas of religious beliefs: Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. A brief description and there relationship to business practices are discussed below.
Confucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (Shubro). The core being humanism, is believing that human beings are “teachable, improvable and perfectible through personal and communal endeavor especially including self-cultivation and self-creation.” ("Confucianism,") Confucianism emphasizes the importance of the family, reverence for elders, rituals, and the value of education. The Chinese people who follow the Confucianism tend to be very traditional and extremely well known in the society or the elite class. They focus more on education and show great respect towards their family and friends and elder persons. The bond among it’s followers tends to be very strong in nature believe on moving forward together.
“Taoism refers to a philosophical or religious tradition in which the basic concept is to establish harmony with the Tao, which is the mechanism of everything that exists. Taoist philosophy is deeply rooted in contemporary China, and is unavoidable part of modern Chinese life” (Shubro). Taoism believes on that one person who is an “ideal leader” who maintains a low profile, leading mostly by example and allowing followers to ownership. Taoists’ also believe that their belief and attitudes vary greatly from those who believe or practice Confucianism. Taoists’ tend to be more aggressive, and believe in ideal leadership. Its also very common that Taoists select their...
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...mbly line, or accounting for that matter. “This will help more Chinese organizations believe that leadership can be taught, and that leadership is not just an innate trait.” (Caren, 2004)
References:
Caren, Siehl. Leading across cultures: China, 2004. Thunderbird, The Garvin School of International Management, 2004. (accessed January 14, 2014) (Caren, 2004)
"Confucianism." Religion Facts. http://www.religionfacts.com/a-z-religion-index/confucianism.htm (accessed January 14, 2014). ("Confucianism," )
Shubro, Barua. "Leading across cultures: China, 2004." Scribd. http://www.scribd.com/doc/100138704/Leading-Across-Cultures-China (accessed January 14, 2014). (Shubro)
Todd, Pittinsky. "CONTEMPORARY PUBLIC LEADERSHIP IN CHINA." Dspace. http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/55938/CPL_WP_05_07_PittinskyZhu.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed January 14, 2014). (Todd)
...oundation of all living things that exist in this world. The mission of Taoism is not to force its beliefs on people, but to help them realize their inner-self and guide into a happy life in harmony with nature. To best summarize Taoism a quote from Lao-Tse can be used: "We believe in the formless and eternal Tao, and we recognize all personified deities as being mere human constructs. We reject hatred, intolerance, and unnecessary violence, and embrace harmony, love and learning, as we are taught by Nature. We place our trust and our lives in the Tao, that we may live in peace and balance with the Universe, both in this mortal life and beyond." There are thousands of religions that offer endless solutions to end suffering, to restore peace and unity in the world. For decades philosophers tried to come up with ways to find happiness, but in the end there was only one answer. The answer came from a some would call silly, others wise bear by the name of Winnie-the-Pooh, who discovered the secret for happiness in and old religion, founded by a great master Lao-Tse. This religion became the answer for the endless search for happiness and the answer was Taoism.
The Confucian “Way” can be interpreted in many ways, but I think the two main pillars of it are Confucius’s belief in situational morality, and his belief in the inherent good of human beings. Other notable social conventions such as filial piety and reciprocity advocated for in the Analects can be derived from these two basic principles.... ... middle of paper ... ...
To begin, Confucianism is a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius. Confucianism was the code of ethics accepted as the certified religion of most of the immense empires in the territory since the Han Dynasty. Confucianism provided an outline of ethical and religious beliefs that most of the Chinese expanded to make other religions such as Daoism and Legalism. To expand, Confucianism was founded by Confucius and his beliefs on the political and social order of China. Confucius believed that everything would fall into place if children had respect for their parents and if the rulers were honest. In Confucianism, specific roles were followed by each person in the family. The head of the family, the father, was the one primarily in control and then it was the oldest son that was next in line. Confucius had the belief that a ruler has to be everything he wants
Confucianism became popular during the Han Dynasty as it was the state religion and had a great impact on East Asia (Confucianism 1, pg. 7). Born in 551 BCE in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Confucius himself absorbed the teachings of Mahavira and the Buddha (Confucianism 1, pg. 2) He had a set of virtues that he believed a functioning society should stand by such as benevolence, love and rites. Confucius wanted China to return to the old days when people were loyal to their rulers and rulers were polite and caring towards their people. He believed rulers s...
Confucianism is a philosophy and way of life formed in China by Confucius, an early Chinese philosopher. It began as a simple concept with ideals of personal virtue, simple filial piety, and basic gender distinctions and social inequalities. But, over time with the emergence of Neo-Confucianism it began to transform into a way of life that was degrading towards women with certain hostilities towards rivaling religions. In its early period, from around 500 B.C.E to the Common Era, Confucianism changed in that it became the leading belief system and a major part of Chinese tradition. From the transition into the Common Era to the end of the Classical time period, Confucianism was altered because of a loss of popularity following the collapse of the Han dynasty and the corruption in the governing political system. In its ending period, the post-classical era, Confucianism underwent perhaps its biggest adjustments with the emergence of Neo-Confucianism. The ideas and virtues presented in the “rebirth of Confucian philosophies” of intolerance of foreign religions and extreme filial piety...
The teachings according to Confucius refer to Confucianism. Confucianism is the multifarious classification of ethical, collective, political and pious philosophy developed by Confucius and the old Chinese practices (Bertrand, 1999). Confucianism aim is actually making an individual honorable but also making such an individual the character of learning and of proper manners. The ideal and faultless man has to combine the characters of a saint, an intellectual and gentleman. Confucianism is a religious conviction whose adulation is focused on offerings to the dead. The idea of responsibility is extensive beyond the precincts of morals and holds close to the minutiae of daily living.
Taoism is the East Asia religion (Magagna, 2016). Taoism is a salvation religion, focused on master of the dynamic process. Tao means totality of dynamic existence. It means all existence is changing in definite patterns. Thus, concentrating
This is where they developed their key relationships of respect: ruler over subject, parent over child, husband over wife, older sibling over younger sibling, and older friend over younger friend. These relationships are followed quite naturally for conficinists, as it has been part of their belief system for a very long time. Finally, Taoism. Taoism is the only belief that focuses on something other than the human mind.
In the category of view of society, each belief has a different view. The Confucians believed that you develop good character through a good life and that everyone has their own role.
Confucianism is a moral and religious system of China. Its origins go back to the Analects, the sayings attributed to Confucius, and to ancient writings, including that of Mencius. Confucius was born a mandarin under the name Kongzi. It was developed around 550 B.C. In its earliest form Confucianism was primarily a system of ethical concepts for the control of society. It saw man as a social creature that is bound to his fellow men by jen, or “humanity.” Jen is expressed through the five relationships—sovereign and subject, parent and child, elder and younger brother, husband and wife, and friend and friend. Of these, the filial relation is most important.
Confucian culture, also known as Confucianism, was founded by Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period, which was developed gradually after the Han Dynasty with benevolence as the core. Since the Han Dynasty, Confucianism was the official ideology and the basis of mainstream ideology in the vast majority of historical periods of China, and it also influenced many southeast Asian countries in history. After a variety of shocks, Confucianism was still the core values of China's social public, and represented the Chinese culture and national tradition in the world (Littlejohn, 2010). In the contemporary society, the Confucian culture in China increasingly spread, at the same time, its modern value is excavated by many countries in the world, and its international influence is also growing with the rise of China.
Confucianism is a religious philosophy formed by the Chinese philosopher Kung-fu-Tsu. This philosophy came out of need during the warring states period of Chinese history. K'ung-fu-Tsu was a teacher at the hundred schools. His prime concern was the improvement of society. Confucianism has no gods, and the only written history of this religion is in the Analects, a collection of his responses to his disciple's questions. K'ung-fu-Tsu believed that the improvement of society was the responsibility of the ruler and that the quality of government depended on the ruler's moral character. This new way meant concern for others and adherance to the golden rule. Confucianism has had a greater and longer lasting influence on China than that of any other religious philosophy.
Even though Taoism and many other folk religions have shaped the Chinese mind, Confucianism remains, by any historical measure, its chief mentor” (Novak 113). Therefore, since the two religions grew up together, there are similarities, such as their views on humans, attempting to find harmony in life and in nature, and serve as guides for their followers through self-cultivation and improvement techniques. Confucianism believes that their congregation should have human conduct over the idea of God in their lives, whereas Taoism is formed on the belief that its congregation should create a relationship with nature. This is pointed out by Smith in Experiencing the World’s Religions, “Confucius represents the classical, Lao Tzu the romantic; Confucius stresses social responsibility, Lao Tzu praises spontaneity and naturalness; Confucius focus is on the human, Lao Tzu’s on what transcends the human” (Smith 218).
The Hofstede model of national culture differences, based on research carried out in the early seventies, is the first major study to receive worldwide attention. This influential model of cultural traits identifies five dimensions of culture that help to explain how and why people from various cultures behave as they do. According to Hofstede (1997) culture is Ù[ collective programming of the mind? This referring to a set of assumptions, beliefs, values and practices that a group of people has condoned as a result of the history of their engagements with one another and their environment over time. In this study, culture refers to a set of core values and behavioural patterns people have due to socialisation to a certain culture. The author̼ theoretical framework will be applied to compare differing management practices in China and the West. The five measurements of culture identified by the author are:
Confucianism is a collectivist based value system which embraces a set of moral codes of behaviour designed to regulate the relationships between ruler and subject, father and son etc. Confucianism is basically a set of ideologies developed from the teachings of a Chinese philosopher Confucius. His teachings include the importance of love and concern for others which can be achieved through self discipline and being mindful of others. He also emphasized on ritual, harmony, social relationships especially within a family. He also believed obedience to authority and though that the leaders in a society should be selected on basis of achievement and not based on hereditary titles. Confucianism is actually a Chinese belief system but is also prevalent in countries like Korea, Japan and