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Literature review change blindness
Bias in everyday life
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In chapter 4, the topic of discussion centered around a concept called bonded awareness. The main theme in the chapter was that we choose to ignore certain things, or become complacent and ignore those things just as much. We tend to ignore the obvious, and think what we want to think about a certain situation. We must examine all the details of a problem or situation, and come to a conclusion that meets our requirements. Bounded awareness takes on many forms, and will affect our judgment or decisions about important items. A few of the forms are Intentional blindness, Change blindness, and focalism and the focusing illusion. Intentional blindness is our inability to notice certain obvious things about a situation. When we are told to
look for certain items in a video, and there are several other items that would be obvious that are missed, that is intentional blindness. It is the feeling that we should ignore things that are irrelevant to the situation, because we are told to look for certain items. I find that interesting that people fall for this, we should always be aware of what is around us, but it is easy to ignore things that are deemed less important. Change blindness is when we miss an obvious event because we are so focused on the task at hand that we cannot see other events happening around us. The example of the basketball being taken from the person is such a great experiment. Often times, we are so hyper focused on what we are doing that we cannot direct our attention elsewhere. A good example would be using a GPS in a car. We are so focused on it telling us where to go that we fail to realize we are actually driving a car and we need to pay attention. Again, we need to be aware of our surroundings at all times. The third area is focalism and the focusing illusion. A great example was that we overestimate the wins and losses of a sports team that we follow closely. It is our tendency to think we know the outcome before it actually happens. It is when we make a judgement on a particular item, but limit the amount of information we use to make that judgment. I think this could be the most common form of bounded awareness. We often hear, and see what we want to, and will make quick decisions based on a limited set of facts. I think of this as thinking what we want to think over what the facts actually say. Bounded awareness in groups is interesting as well. This is where we make decisions based on more than one idea. Often times the group has more exposure to information that leads them down a path to a better solution. I think of this as a manager relying on his or her team to get a job done, and enabling them to do it by utilizing everyone’s thoughts. Overall, this chapter provided some good insight into how we see what we want to, and base decisions on what we think is all the relevant information. The flaw in that thinking is that we are predisposed to ignoring information, and more so when we become distracted. We need to focus on the facts, utilize groups if needed, focus on the outcome the facts dictate, and be aware of our surroundings. I find it difficult to take all this information in, and have fallen victim to this type of thinking. Judgement calls will be made in management, but we must base our decisions on knowledge of specific events, and contexts. This will help us avoid the problems that can come from this lack of awareness. Perhaps the Madoff scandal would have never happened if people based the decisions on factual information over what someone was telling them is right.
Many fatal consequences, caused by illogical reactions to problematic situations, can be avoided through a few easy, simple and “common sense” steps. In the essay “Deadly Mind Traps” author Jeff Wise writes to the everyday man and woman. Mr. Wise in his essay explains how the average person can make deadly mistakes even though logically they make little sense. Wise, offers multiple key terms to help the reader better understand his reasoning for his thesis. As well as, Wise produces multiple examples for the reader to connect the key terms to real life situations. Moreover, Wise not only gives key terms and examples to support his thesis he also gives examples of how to stay out of those situations. Wise from his essay demonstrates that his reader is an everyday person by using words such as we, us, you and our. And he uses everyday simplified words and terms which suggest inclusion instead of exclusion.
From the non-duality and interbeing view, one should see that full understanding is constituted of “non-understanding elements.” Understanding cannot exisits alone. Understanding and non-understanding are interbeing and the two are equal. Understanding cannot be created or destroyed. Finally, the “heart” of understanding is emptiness, and emptiness is understanding.
While Descartes believes this to be incredibly fundamental to human knowledge, there have been several critiques of this over the years. One example that goes against mental transparency is Freud’s idea of the unconscious min...
...ir problems or uncertainties. When people realize that they are capable of knowing the truth, they are able to overcome the illusions and to help others break their own boundaries.
We must not isolate ourselves from what we think we know, but instead allow ourselves to comprehend. Bibliography:.. PERRINE'S STORY AND STRUCTUE 9TH ED. ARE, THOMAS R. 1998, HARCOURT-BRACE COLLEGE PUBLISHERS. FORT WORTH, TX -.
Gibson, J. J. (1977). The theory of affordances. In R. E. Shaw & J. Bransford (Eds.), Perceiving, acting, and knowing: Toward an ecological psychology (pp. 67–82). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Our attention is very selective when it comes to getting information from our environment. We could be looking at everything within our environment and miss changes that occur while looking. According to Rensink, O’Regan and Clark (1997), attention is a key factor, meaning when our attention is focused on the area of change then change can be detected. When we fail to detect change, it can result in change blindness. In support of this idea, Simons and Levin (1998) suggest that change blindness occurs if there is a lack of “precise” visual representation of their surroundings. In other words, a person can be looking at an object and not fully notice a change.
A question that continues to puzzle scholars (and Honors students, alike) is that of what defines human consciousness. It would be simple to say that it is defined by one’s awareness of itself and of its surroundings. What makes the question so difficult to answer, though, is that consciousness is much more than an acute awareness; it is the process of becoming aware, finding the purpose of our consciousness, and building morals and intelligence from that awareness that entangles those who search for answers in a web of utter confusion.
Everyone is aware, that's no big deal. But awareness can be developed as a skill set just as talking can be developed by learning a broader vocabulary. The more you know different kinds of things to pay attention to, the more you can choose (or not) to use that information.
Sternberg, Robert J. & Janet E. Davidson, eds. 1995. The Nature of Insight. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
[6] Sternberg, Robert J., Editor. The Nature of Cognition. Cambridge, Massachusetts; The MIT Press, 1999.
According to the Central Argument the relationship between consciousness and self bears the same structure as that between consciousness and world. The self and the world are thus linked together as “two objects for the absolute, impersonal consciousness” (Ibid, 57). As a philosophy of human experience7, this account of the relationship between self and world seems to leave out too many aspects of our actual experience to provide a satisfying theory. As we look at the counterexamples above – the reading example and the up-bringing example – it seems quite clear that consciousness is not a function disconnected from the rest of the person; and that the complexity of the human person cannot be reduced to the relation ‘consciousness of the self’. Rather than thus simplifying the interplay between consciousness, self and world into an intelligible geometric structure (Bachelard [1958] 1994, 215), let us have a look at an example which may further blur those distinctions.
One way to be mindful is to change an absolute to conditional. Language can limit or expand our thinking. Changing the language can open up a world of possibilities. When something is presented as an absolute it can lead to mindlessness whereas if something is presented as a conditional the mind can come up with different possibilities or additional limits. It is actively engaged in the material this can lead to deep
He concludes that recognition, or realization, is the only defensible option. 2. The realization that life is absurd and cannot be an end, but only a beginning. This is a truth nearly all great minds have taken as their starting point. It is not this discovery that is interesting, but the consequences and rules of action drawn from it.
Do you know about this terminology “Insensibility”? If you don’t know, I will explain it. Insensibility is the state of being unconscious. People don’t have fellings with anything which happens around them, before our eyes. And it doesn’t involve in our individual benefits.