Bloody Thursday and Paint on the Sidewalk
On the edge of North Beach, across the street from where the myriad of little shops in the wharf which sell Alcatraz t-shirts and miniature Cable Cars begin, two human outlines made of white paint adorn the ground in front of a union hall. These are passed by hundreds of tourists daily, as well as many residents, yet few stop to ponder the curious shapes or the crude text painted in red: “SHOT BY POLICE JULY 5, 1934.” Though this spot does not mark where the original incident occurred, for the men died in front of the original Longshoremen’s Hall on the corner of Mission and Steuart streets, when the new hall opened here on the edge of North Beach these outlines were placed to remember the event. That event, “Bloody Thursday,” became the climax of the waterfront strike in 1934 and a turning point for Employer and Union relations in San Francisco—and the rest of the nation.
ILA DEMANDS
By the end of 1933, the effects of the Great Depression began to shift public opinion toward the rights of workers, and enlivened the efforts of unions working for collective action to ensure those rights. As a report before Congress in 1942 explained, Legislation such as the National Industrial Recovery Act emboldened these unions to explore the “potentialities of a protected right to bargain collectively” and, in the context of this potential, the “all but defunct” International Longshoremen’s Association renewed their activity and “met with immediate success.” On the West coast, the ILA gained scores of new members and even extended membership to include “checkers, seniors, weighers, lumber handlers, grainmen, and warehousemen employed on the waterfront.”[1]
In December, the San Francisco local voted on a resolution to participate in a coast-wide strike to demand a six day, thirty hour work week with minimum pay of $1 per hour. Acting on the instigation of the local, a convention of members from all West Coast ports met in San Francisco in February 1934, deciding to strike “unless the wage-and-hour demands” were accepted. The Waterfront Employers Union, an association of ship owners which controlled most of the dock labor, refused to even meet with the ILA until they filed a complaint with the National Recovery Administration’s Regional Labor Board.
In 1921 Lewis was denied the presidency of the American Federation of Labor when Samuel Gompers was elected over him. During the following year, he would disagree with labor activist, Jones, over whether or not to set a date for the Kansas coal workers to strike against the “Industrial Slave Law”, which was intended to stop coal labors from striking. The UMWA fell from 500,000 to less than 100,000 in the 1930s, due to growing numbers of unemployment. In 1935, the Congress for Industrial Organization was form when Lewis and several other unions joined together. Lewis then became president...
By the summer of 1877, at least three million Americans - an estimated 25 percent of the nation's workforce -were searching for employment. That May, the Pennsylvania Railroad had imposed its second 10 percent wage cut in two years.A few weeks later, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad b and o announced ten percent pay cuts for workers making more than a dollar a day-including comparable cuts for officials-and at about the same time announced payment of a 10 percent dividend. For b and o workers, this was too much-it was the second 10 percent wage cut in a year.On July 16, frustrated workers and sympathizers blocked the movement of b and o trains in Baltimore, Maryland, and one hundred miles west, in Martinsburg, West Virginia. Word of the strike action spread quickly. Workers in Philadelphia, Reading, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Columbia, Harrisburg, Altoona, Johnstown, Derry, Washington, Erie, and Pittsburgh halted all commercial train traffic. Strike organizers in Pittsburgh struggled to maintain
The Pullman Strike of 1894 was the first national strike in American history and it came about during a period of unrest with labor unions and controversy regarding the role of government in business.5 The strike officially started when employees organized and went to their supervisors to ask for a lowered rent and were refused.5 The strike had many different causes. For example, workers wanted higher wages and fewer working hours, but the companies would not give it to them; and the workers wanted better, more affordable living quarters, but the companies would not offer that to them either. These different causes created an interesting and controversial end to the Pullman strike. Because of this, questions were raised about the strike that are still important today. Was striking a proper means of getting what the workers wanted? Were there better means of petitioning their grievances? Was government intervention constitutional? All these questions were raised by the Pullman Strike.
During the late sixteenth century a new style of art, known as Mannerist, emerged through out Italy as a result of the Protestant Reformation. Mannerist distorted art was justified because it served mid way between the ideal, natural, symmetrical and the real, artificial, and unbalanced. The religious and political upheaval lead to the distinct Mannerist style know for being stylish, cultured, and elegant. Mannerist art is thought provoking, asking the viewer to ponder and respond to the spatial challenges and meaning found in the painting, sculpture, and architectural work. Mannerist painting and sculpture are characterized by complicated compositions, distorted figure styles, and complex allegorical interpretations. Meanwhile Mannerist architecture often employs classical elements in a new and unusual way that defies traditional formulas.
In this great time known as the Renaissance, many pieces of art that reflect humanism were created, but only one stands out like a sore thumb, Brunelleschi's Duomo di Santa Maria del Fiore! Since the Duomo is based off Roman architecture, many innovative ideas were used to create it, and because it was built to be enjoyed, not worshipped like the past pieces of religious art, the Duomo is, by far, the best creation to represent the
A common trend was always that wages were not keeping up with the cost of living. Many could not make ends meet and were struggling to simply survive. They started to question the effectiveness of the National Recovery Administration (N.R.A.). It was unfair to them that businesses were still making enormous profits while its employees were forced into poverty. Pushing for a unionization was disowned by factories where they threatened to close their doors if a worker’s union formed. Some thought businesses were crooked and angled themselves to take advantage of the economy to increase their
The timing was just right for the maritime workers to strike. The grips of the Great Depression fueled laborers to maintain and improve their quality of life and security for their families. Congresses investigation into the 1934 San Francisco Strike concluded that “the aspirations of labor which led to the strike were directed from the change in public opinion expressed in the National Industrial Recovery Act. The potentialities of a protected right to bargain collectively were quickly perceived by waterfront workers.”[1] The shift in public opinion came from the need for the government to be more socially responsible to insure survival of the nation during the depression. The depression was as devastating as it was due to the lack of government involvement, a welfare state was needed. According to the Congressional investigation, “The first notice that forceful demands would be made by the longshoremen appeared in December [1933] when the local voted on the question of participating in a coast-wide strike. Lee J. Holman, then president of the local, stated the longshoremen would demand a 6-day, 30-hour week at a minimum rate of $1 per hour.”[2] Such demands were modest when considering the necessity of waterfront workers to a maritime based economy. This was at a time when the Bay and Golden Gate bridges were still under construction. Before the bridges, overland travel in the San Francisco Bay Area was longer, slower, and couldn’t carry as heavy loads as sailing across the bay.
The Shang Dynasty’s biggest contribution to China was their mastery of bronze. The Shang Dynasty began around 1600 c, which was also the time that bronze was being perfected by artisans in the middle class because they wanted to improve their religious practices and military. “The Shang Dynasty is the name given by Chinese historians to that line of king that preceded the Chou,”.(James). The Shang dynasty was made up kings and nobles and they were the ones that ruled over the common workers.
In marketing, understanding the importance of brand identity plays a major role in your business and ensuring that your product distinguishes itself from your competitors. A key to establishing your product as a well-known entity that burrows itself into the psyche of your target customer base¬¬¬ are your company’s logo and tagline. These two trademarks of your company are how your customers recognize your business and identify with the products your company sells. Therefore, when starting a business extensive research and creativity should go into choosing both a logo and a tagline that differentiates your product from all others within your market.
Andrea di Pietro, an architect of the Mannerist Age, employed the elements of Classical design in his works to achieve simplicity and harmony. “The preeminent architect of the Mannerist style was Andrea di Pietro, known as Palladio”(Matthews And Platt 340). The work that Palladio is most synonymous with is the Villa Capra, also known as the Villa Rotunda. The Villa Rotunda, based on the Classical design of a Roman farmhouse, was built for a wealthy Venetian (Matthews and Platt 340,341). The Villa highlights Classical principles of architecture in a number of ways. Palladio employed the use of colonnaded porticoes in the Villa, a covered porch supported by columns, which is typically located at the front of...
What’s in a name? Certainly, it can be tied to product identification, brand loyalty and a tremendous amount of revenue. Companies protect their trademarks knowing that public perception must be positive, controlled and maintained. Without control over your name, it seems self-evident that doom awaits. According to Jamie Lundi, “copyright genericide can occur when the benefits to society of copyright protection (i.e. the incentive to create) cease to outweigh the costs” (131). Truly, copyright protections won’t apply if the material becomes so used as to become commonplace. In his article, Pike comments upon rules and regulations that protect a company from losing creative control over
The park they were in was fairly small and quiet, it was one of the main reasons they visited this one. It had more trees and less walkways than most of the other places they had scoped out for their daily meetings, and they were usually the only two there. The larger parks were closer to work, but they were also bustling with people jogging or walking their dogs. They wanted to get away from the loud noises of the city, but knew they didn’t have time to venture out of town just for lunch. Adrianna had been ecstatic when her friend Deidre had found this quaint little spot for their luncheons.
One such battle tactic was a shield wall in which men with large shields would stand in the front lines while other Vikings using spears would fill in the gaps between the shields with the spears, killing anyone who dare get to
These are all very good questions in trying to determine how effectively the American education system serves the goals of a true education, because we first must figure out what we mean by "true education" in order to determine whether or not our system is working. Only when we truly define the meaning of a "true education" then can we dictate the nature of the American education system’s success in our nation.
Business Names: Idea 4 - Be Certain That The Name Relates Positively To Your Target