Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to identify blood types by using the blood type kit provided and referring to the hand out in order to see how the blood stains should appear on Anti-A, Anti-B, Anti-C and the control.
Materials: ELDONCARD 2511, plastic pipettes, skin cleaning swabs, automatic lancet, Eldon sticks, Eldon foi cotton balls, package insert
Methods: First open up the Eldoncard package and fill out the general information. Fill a cup with purified water and then use the pipet provided to place one drop of water onto each of the colored reagent spots on the Eldoncard. At this point wash your hands and with soap and water. Now get the automatic lancet and twist the colored cap and gently pull off straight forward. Use the cleaning
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swab to disinfect the area that you will take blood from. Have someone use the lancet to take your blood. Keep your arm down for 10 to 30 seconds then gently press blood towards the fingertip. Then use the Eldon sticks to gather the blood into each individual colored reagent spots. Use one stick per reagent spot. Rotate the blood in the water with the stick. If need be have another finger shot with the lancet if there is a lack of blood. After completing these steps place the tilt the card in different directions in intervals of ten seconds for a total of fourty seconds. Let the blood gather into its agglutinates to read the results. Place the Eldonfoil on the Eldoncard to preserve the results. Observations: After the finger was hit with the lancet it did not bleed enough to complete the Eldoncard.
A second attempt was needed and due to the hands being cold the blood flow was very low. The water in the reagent spots was a very light tint of pink and no agglutinates were observable. Due to feeling weak a third attempt was not made and the card was recorded as so (see results). As the blood dried there seemed to be no agglutinate in any of the antigen reagents and the color remained very faint however one small agglutinate appeared in the control …show more content…
reagent. Discussion: While doing this Blood lab the results that should have been recorded should have had a darker red tint than the results recorded in my lab as well as having a high possibility for agglutinate to gather unless the blood tested was O Rhd negative.
Due to my own fear of blood and needles I failed to gather conclusive results conducting this lab on myself. The results I had did not match any of the examples in the lab handout but however did resemble O Rhd negative due to the lack of blood in the reagent circles. In order to carry out this lab and get conclusive results I would have warm my hands with warm water before using the lancet. There needs to be enough blood to tint water red in order to get an accurate result. What was learned from this lab was that blood will agglutinate in certain antibodies mixtures depending on the antibodies present in the blood. There will be no Anti-D in the plasma of a Rhesus positive blood sample resulting in Agglutinate in the Anti-D reagent. The results for blood that is D- or D+ will look identical on the anti-A and anti-B. The only variance is Rhesus negative positive and negative is the Anti-D. Any test that shows weak agglutinine or agglutinine in the control reagent failed and must be repeated. Blood testing is very essential for life saving transfusions, although this handout states “not for use for screening purposes prior to transfusion”. The ability to know one's blood type is very powerful information. Blood typing
also shows the difference in multiple phenotypes showing codominant genes. This information saves lives during transfusion because only certain blood types are compatible with one another. The compatibility chart is shown in the
Haemolytic colonies were classified by a white ring around the patched colony, indicating that haemolysis of the blood agar occurred. Conversely, non-haemolytic colonies were classified by a lack of a white ring, which indicated that no haemolysis took place.
Peschel, O., Kunz, S. N., Rothschild, M. A., & Mützel, E. (2011). Blood stain pattern analysis. Forensic science, medicine, and pathology, 7(3), 257-270. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12024-010-9198-1
a) Urinalysis with significantly increased amounts of blood (via dipstick and sediment), protein, and leukocytes as well as slightly increased bilirubin and slightly decreased pH;
Many people throughout the world visit the United States every year to receive medical treatment. This is due to our excellent pharmaceutical industry as it spends million of dollars and many hours of research to come up with what we can only describe as “miracle” drugs and treatments. Part of the success of many of these medications is because the pharmaceutical industry is highly regulated by policies that protect the public from accessing drugs that have not been fully tested and found to be “safe”. However, this was not the case until the late 1990s and early 2000s. One time in history that highly influenced the strict regulations we currently have was the nationwide contamination of patients through blood transfusion or by consuming medications
In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, blood gives the boys feelings of power and control through violence. For instance, after the hunters successfully kill a pig, Jack “giggled and flicked them [his hands] while the boys laughed at his reeking palms. Then Jack grabbed Maurice and rubbed the stuff [blood] over his cheeks” (135). Maurice is not a leader on the island and he is entirely comfortable with being a follower and not making decisions for himself. Jack, on the other hand, has more power in island politics and Maurice could arguably be his subordinate; therefore, the smearing of the blood over Maurice’s face is Jack demonstrating his control over him. Another example of the use of blood as a symbol of control is when a lightning storm
The killer is the main draw in for a giallo audience and their unmasking or demise is usually the climax of films. In most cases of giallo films the victims know or know of their killer and in both Bava and Cavara's films this plot device is used. In Blood and Black Lace Bava focuses on a power play relationship where the killer is unmasked as none other than the widowed Countess Cristina, owner of the fashion house, who retaliated to being threatened by her employee by killing her. Cristina's position raises the social issue of abuse to employees by employers. As the red diary reveals that her fashion house is actually a front for a house riddled with scandal (blackmail, forced abortions and drug addictions) and the disappearance of this diary
The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) is an RIA test that allows for the detection and quantification of IgE antibodies. During the test, a possible allergen is bound to insoluble material and a sample of the patient’s blood is added. If the blood sample contains antibodies specific to that allergen, the antibodies will bind to that allergen. Anti-human radiolabeled IgE antibodies are then added and bind only to the antibodies already bound to the insoluble material. The whole sample is then wThe unbound anti-human antibodies are washed away and the level of radioactivity is proportional to the amount of human IgE present in the blood sample.
Fischbach, Frances, A Manual of Laboratory & Diagnostic Tests, 4th ed., J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia
There are many different reasons to get lab work done before a medication is given. For example, it is important to do a WBC when suspecting a bacterial infection in order to know which medication will be effective (Touhy, 2012). Also, when giving blood thinners such as heparin, it is important to know the prothombin time which determines whether or not to give the medication (Touhy, 2012). In patients with dia...
Having had an affinity for the nature of antibodies and the mechanisms associated with immunity, Landsteiner’s experimental trials were conducted in an attempt to understand the underlying reason behind the fatal outcome of blood transfusions in patients. He suggested that the cause of clotting could be attributed to the presence of agglutinogens (antigens) that he named A and B, whi...
In Blood In Blood Out is a drama directed by Taylor Hackford, and starring Damian Chapa (Miklo), Benjamin Bratt (Paco), and Jesse Borrego (Cruz), produced by Hollywood Pictures. The film was based off everyday life in East Los Angeles, from the 1970’s through the 1980’s. Damian Chapa stars as Miklo in the film, a Mexican-American who wanted to be accepted, not by his skin but for the Mexican within him. Benjamin Bratt (Paco) was the older cousin of Miklo, who learned his lesson throughout the movie and changed his ways. Jesse Borrego (Cruz) is the step-brother of Paco who was a talent artist, who ended up turning to drugs because of back problems caused by a rival gang incident.
VI. Some individuals requiring blood are surgical patients; burn victims; accident victims; anemics'; hemophiliacs; seriously ill babies; and persons suffering from leukemia, cancer, kidney disease and liver disease.
Blood types can be categorized in many different ways. Karl Landsteiner categorized “the first three blood groups…[as] A, B and C (subsequently renamed O from the German word “ohne” which means “without”)” (Franchini 1545). Each of these blood groups also have unique properties that give the blood an inability to mix with other blood types. For example, Landsteiner has found out that type-A red blood cells contains an A-antigen and anti-B in its serum (Franchini 1545). Type A blood contains the monosaccharides N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, fructose, and “a N-acetylgalactosamine attached to galactose” (Timberlake 556).The A-antigen is used as an identifier for the body to determine whether something in the bodies system belongs or ...
that anymore. The DXH will count the cells in the fluid and give you a red cell and white
The blood of the donor must be compatible with the blood of the recipient. This is because of the clumping of blood will occur if incompatible blood from the donor is transfused into the recipient. Several incidents will occur to the blood recipient such as renal failure and shock because the clumped red blood cells are cracked. If a person is suffered from severe agglutination of blood in the body after blood transfusion, it will cause death. Therefore, it is very important to know the blood groups of the blood donor and recipient. Person of blood group A can only receive blood from the person of blood group A and O only while the person of blood group B can only receive blood from the person of blood group B and O only. This is due to the absence of their corresponding antibodies in the blood of the donor. Person of blood group AB can receive blood from the person of any blood group because it does not contain any of the antibodies that will cause clumping of blood. Due to this fact, people of blood group AB are known as universal recipients. Then, the person with blood group O cannot receive any blood group except blood group O only but he can donate blood to the person of any blood group. This is because blood group O does not contain any antigen but contain both of the antibody A and antibody B. Therefore, people of blood group O are known as universal donors. Besides that,