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Research essay on blindness
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Does your brain represent you?
If one’s brain has being taken out from one’s body and being graft to another body. The brain is unscathed and active under careful measurements. It is the same brain with the same function, same memory. Can that body with the brain be define as the same person? In The Mind’s Eye, Oliver sacks explores how human brains reallocated sensory system to recall and recreate the world after eyesight has being deprived. When the real world is no longer visible. Two categories of blindness appear: deep blindness and visual blindness. If someone is deep blindness, he or she went completed blind. His or her brain cannot create images for one to “see”. Visual blindness, however, allows the person to “see” hypothetically
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via their memories and imaginations. The brain can reorganize one’s memories and recreate images and visual sense with no perceived through senses. That action is most being called “imagination”. Things one’s brain creates come from one’s experience. Although the brain seems to create things by an unexpected new way, those creations all come from the person’s experiences. Those experiences do not have to be sensory, but all kinds of experiences includes languages and minds What the brain dose not push you any further from being your author of your experience. Being author of one’s experience refers to experience what ever the person wants to feel without being limited. Blindness or deafness will not limit someone from feeling what they wanted to feel because, the brain make those changes based on what the person has already experienced. Even if the brain reallocates in order to accommodate sensory trauma, it does not necessarily mean that the brain has took the person’s position over as an author of his or her own experience Becoming blindness or deafness will not limit anyone from experiencing their life because the brain would “reallocated” the sensory system and improve other sensory, such as touch, smell, taste due to lacks of one sensory.
The brain can do more than what people thought it can do. The brain reallocates in order to accommodate sensory trauma. All other sensory, includes hearing, touch, feeling, smell, taste and even intuition, will “transformed” into visual images. Blind people seems to be unable to “see” things, however, in Zoltan’s mind, “he had been able to construct a virtual visual world that seemed as real and intense to him as the perceptual one he had lost (332). He has not been limited by losing his sight, on the contrast, he felt he has expanded a new way of thinking. He could touch and feel the shapes and contours, which enable him to delineate an image in his mind. Also, he could feel height, temperature, humidity and texture which can provide him a better sense of the surrounding environment and the feature of the thing he is touching than simple look at it. Although, blind people may not read, but they can still gain information by hearing from others. Descriptions through other’s languages not only provide a better sense understanding of things he need to see and others’ mind. The oral languages “transformed” into “eyes” for blind people to “see” not only physical things, but also for people’s mind. Without visually seeing things, imagination in brains help …show more content…
blind people to experience their life freely. Due to imagenations, blind people can experience a world that is as compete as the real one. He can still feel and “see” things as much as he wants and even experience his life in a new way. Therefore, losing sight does not distance him from being author of his own experiences. The situation appears on people who lose other sensory, such as hearing. Due to latent intersensory connections, the brain can reorganize cortical circuitry and transform other inputs into sounds. The sounds may not be heard by anyone For example, Amy, who had been totally deaf since nine-years-old, “still constructed the sound of speech in her mind” (336). She “hears” by reading lips and transform it into sounds in her mind. Thanks for the transform processing by the brain, people can still experience their life as much as possible after suffer a sensory trauma. Even if human brain is flexible and it can find a new way of experiencing his or her life does not necessarily mean that the person cannot control his or her experiences, because one’s imaginations come from inputs the person received.
Images in people’s brain would be something that is being reorganized based on their memories. Moreover, the imaginations they have is also be relevant to their earlier experiences. “[Dennis] see myself visually-but it is as I last law [himself], when [Dennis] was thirteen……[Dennis] see the Braille notes visually-they are visual images, not tactile” (336). The person went blindness after the ago thirteen, therefore he “see” himself base on his latest visual memory. The changes of brain in order to deal with challenges of losing sight does not create some fancy images in his mind with no evidence or reasons. The brain does not go too far from the real world, but organize inputs and create an images in people’s mind based on those inputs. Inputs includes one’s experience, memory and sensory inputs such as touch. Dennis “see notes visually” based on inputs from touching, then the brain transforms feelings into visual images. Another person who become blind at the age of fifteen wrote “I still ‘see’ objects in front of me. As I typing now I can see my hands on the keyboard” (331). She may use her memory of keyboard and touch as inputs which allow the brain to imagine and create images. Therefore, imaginations in one’s brain do not come for no
reason, it being created based on inputs the brain has. The brain does not have the ability to “write” one’s life story, but it can only organize those inputs and provide a new way of reading one’s life stories. The person who experiences his or her life is the one who supply those inputs, such as touch, small, hearing, taste and memory. The person has full control to explore their life, rather than the brain. All in all, in order to suffer the challenge of disabled, the brain is flexible. The brain can reallocate, reorganize sensory system and create the sensory sense that the person has lost. However, to any extent, the person is the author of his or her experience, because sensory trauma does not limit the person to experience his or her life in any ways. Actually, creation the brain brings may expand more ways of experiencing life than one has before. Also, since the imagination has been created based on one’s earlier memory and sensory inputs, the brain can never be the “author” of one’s experience. Rather, the brain is more likely to be a processor of a person or a CPU of a computer. The brain process inputs that the person received and putted into the “computer”. The “CPU” can never decides what to put in, it can only receive and process. Indeed, “process” the brain can do is all rely on the person, who can decide what part of his of her life to be put into the brain and what to be ignored. The person is the one to experience his or her life and to write his or her life stories.
examines the effects of the colorblindness approach to achieving a post-racial society. Wingfield, a professor of sociology at Washington University in St. Louis and the author of numerous books and articles concerning racism in America, focuses her research around the effects of the colorblindness ideology on individual cultures and social issues. This article appears in The Atlantic, a left-leaning news source, along with a collection of Wingfield’s other articles, mostly covering issues concerning racism and segregation in America.
Society seems to be divided between the idea if science is more harmful than helpful. We live in a world where humans depend on science and technology to improve important aspects of society, such as medical machinery, which supports the fact that science is more of a friend than a foe. Science is advancing every day. The United States has come a long way with its ongoing developments, giving individuals a chance to improve society as a whole. Not only does the United States benefit from such growth, but every modernized country does so as well. Through science and technology, individuals learn from past endeavors and apply it to present and future projects, paving the way for new discoveries and efficient enhancements
Leon F. Litwack is the author of Trouble in Mind. Litwack is an American historian and professor of history at the University of California at Berkeley. He was born in 1929 in Santa Barbara, California. In 1951, Litwack received is Bachelor Degree and then continued to further his education. In 1958, he received his Ph. D. from the University of California at Berkeley. Samuel Eliot Morison and Henry Steele Commager wrote the book that sparked Litwack's curiosity in history. The book was The Growth of the American Republic. Litwack was in the eleventh grade when he first discovered his interest in history. In 1964, Litwack began teaching at the University of California, where he taught an excess of 30,000 students. Litwack has written other books besides Trouble in Mind. One of the books he wrote was Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery in 1979. In 1980, Litwack was the winner of the Pulitzer Prize for history of this book and in 1981 he was the winner of the National Book Award. He also wrote North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free State, 1790-1860, Without Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America, and The Harvard Guide to African-American History. Litwack has also won many including, the Francis Parkman Prize, the American Book Award, and he was elected to the presidency of the Organization of American Historians. In addition to this, Litwack has been an outstanding teacher and received two notable teaching awards. Litwack's first teaching position was at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, where he taught from 1958 to 1964. He also taught at the University of South Carolina, Louisiana State University, and the University of Mississippi. As one can see, not only has Litwack been an exceptionally outstanding author, he has also been a very popular and influential teacher.
Everything is criticized at every level in this story, the people by the main character, the main character by the author and even the story by the author as well. The cruel egoistic personality of Anders is definitely identifiable through these different levels of criticism. I will prove that the inner motivation of this behaviour derives from Anders' egoistic personality which sometimes makes him cruel against others, sometimes against himself. Furthermore, I will prove that whenever Anders criticizes somebody or something he actually tries to punish because of the imperfectness of the object. In order to make the referring to the different part of the story easier I divide it into three parts. The first part ends when the robbers appear at the door of the bank, the second ends when one of the robbers shoots at Anders and the left is the third part.
In the essay “What Meets the Eye”, Daniel Akst explains scientific facts about the beauty of men and women matters to people. He argues that attractive individuals receive attention, great social status, marries, and gets paid more on a job. One can disagree with Akst’s argument because anyone with the skills and knowledge, despite the appearance, can gain a decent relationship and can get paid well. Akst looks at beauty as if it can lead individuals to an amazing and successful life, but he is wrong. Nancy Mairs’ and Alice Walker’s views on beauty are explained internally and through self-confidence. Both women’s and Akst’s arguments on beauty share some similarities and differences in many ways, and an
In the short story Cathedral, by Raymond Carver, there is a direct contrast between a blind man named Robert, and the narrator. The narrator has full use of his senses, and yet he is limited to the way he sees things, and the way he thinks. Robert however, has a very different outlook on life and how he sees things, as well as the use of his senses. At the end of the story, Robert has the narrator close his eyes to try and get him to experience the world the way he does. The narrator ends up being able to not only see the way Robert does, but he also is able to feel the world in a completely different way. The author suggests that the mind is most important in how people view things, and the judgements we make are based on what we see in our heads, instead of what is really there.
Within Oliver Sacks, “To See and Not See”, the reader is introduced to Virgil, a blind man who gains the ability to see, but then decides to go back to being blind. Within this story Sacks considers Virgil fortunate due to him being able to go back to the life he once lived. This is contrasted by Dr. P, in “The Man Who Mistook His Wife for A Hat”, Sacks states that his condition is “tragic” (Sacks, “The Man Who Mistook His Wife for A Hat (13) due to the fact that his life will be forever altered by his condition. This thought process can be contributed to the ideas that: it is difficult to link physical objects and conceptualized meanings without prior experience, the cultures surrounding both individuals are different, and how they will carry on with their lives.
prove to be blind when it comes to the world they are in. By looking
Science cannot explain everything but it strives to look for answers and relies on proof. Religion is based solely on faith and believes in many things that do not make sense and do not have proof to support its ideas. The belief that there is a substance beyond the element that takes up no space, but is still connected with the body is one of them. The belief that the mind or soul are not linked to the body and that they are both two separate substances. The body is one and the mind is another. This belief is not logical and does not make sense now that without the brain, which is a substance that makes up a body, a person could not function in the world. The mind and the brain are one, and these two elements cannot be separated now that the brain is just another part of the body.
An Eye for an Eye was written by Stephen Nathanson. Mr. Nathanson, like many, is against the death penalty. Mr. Nathanson believes that the death penalty sends the wrong messages. He says that by enforcing the death penalty we “reinforce the conviction that only defensive violence is justifiable.” He also states that we must, “express our respect for the dignity of all human beings, even those guilty of murder.”
Everyone has a different perception than another, such a different perception that should be taken into account by other people. Whether people are blind or crazy, some people of this world are impaired so their lives are limited. The unknown can be very mind-boggling to these impaired people. Though at the same time there is a strong possibility that there are also even more unknown things to unimpaired people. Plato’s “The Allegory of the Cave” and “Seeing” by Annie Dillard suggest that knowledge and reality are both a matter of perception based on experiences; and as such, great care should be taken by anyone who attempts to redefine the perceptions of another.
...l attributes, or clothing to recognize others. Face blindness is thought to be the result of abnormalities, damage, or impairment in a fold in the brain that appears to coordinate the neural systems that control facial perception and memory—the right fusiform gyrus. Face blindness can be caused by a stroke, a traumatic brain injury, or certain neurodegenerative diseases. While no treatment for this disorder yet exists, there are certain methods of therapy that can be used. It is possible to manage the disorder by using alternative cues to recognize other people. Future research and studies of types of face blindness will produce a better understanding of the specific locations and important roles of brain areas involved in ordinary facial perception and recognition. Such breakthroughs may lead to treatment methods and one day to a possible cure for face blindness.
Visual agnosia is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to recognize familiar objects (Farah, 1990). Object recognition is the ability to place an object in a category of meaning. Most cases of visual agnosia are brought about through cerebral vascular accidents or traumatic brain injury typically inhibiting sufficient amounts of oxygen from reaching vital body tissues (Zoltan, 1996). There are a vast array of impaired abilities and deficits associated with individuals diagnosed with visual agnosia. These impairments vary considerably from individual to individual (Farah, 1990). Some patients cannot recognize pictures of things such as trees and birds, despite being able to describe such objects or recognize them through other senses such as sound and touch. Other patients demonstrate an inability to recognize faces of friends and family members (Goodale, 1995). The functional impairments experienced as a r...
From the outside looking in, people might see a series of peculiar expressions, an odd distraction, and an unparalleled eye connection, but they see you nevertheless. Although in return, why couldn't you do the same? You frantically scour their physical features: their ears, their hair, “the way they move”, anything that distinguishes them. Their image seems clear in person, but the moment they leave, their face becomes a mismatched puzzle as the details become hazier within seconds. Prosopagnosia, commonly known as face blindness, is a condition where part of the brain that recognizes familiar faces fails to develop due to brain injury or a genetic condition. This condition is an obstacle in which both Finn, the protagonist in the novel Bone
By absorbing information and convert them into a meaningful information, that could help us to understand the life and make good and wise decisions. There is minimal amount of stimulations have to occur, so our organ can detect these stimuluses and that is the absolute threshold, which is basically means that you will not be able to smell something really far from you, unless that thing hit the minimal amount of stimulation and your nose can smell it now. The lack or the loss of one or more sense would make a big gap in how we experience things around us and a perception failure will make it harder to understand the full image of what is going on around us and it will cause an inability to respond to a current situation. For example, if someone is blind, it will be hard for the brain to get the full image and to understand it in order to make a wise decision. But amazingly our brain relays on other sensory organs to get the information that is needed to get a full image in order to survive. I have a friend who was blind since he was two years old, when I asked him how do you see or how do you imagine the chair, he described the chair exactly as we see it, but with no color. His brain works with the lack of visual information as a way to relay on other sensory organs to achieve the same results that we can see and he cannot. It does not mean