INTRODUCTION:
There are nine types of capuchins according to the National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, and they are: the white fronted capuchin, the tufted capuchin, the white faced capuchin, the Kaapori capuchin, the black striped capuchin, the black capuchin, the wedge capped capuchin, the golden bellied capuchin, and the blond capuchin. All of these capuchins are mostly situated in the same area, which is South America and live in rainforests. The white fronted capuchin has a small body overall, little facial hair, and the body is covered with light yellowish fur with a black cap. There is sexual dimorphism in them because males are usually larger than the females, they also have a line of lighter hair over the spine (Hill, 1960).
The tufted capuchin has dark brown fur on the front of its body, there is light colored fur on the back which starts off from the shoulder, and
…show more content…
there tufted capuchin also has a black cap. There are sign of sexual dimorphism because males are larger than females, and males have larger canines than the females (Leigh 1994). White faced capuchins reside in Central America, they have white fur on their stomachs, their faces, and the top portions of their arms and legs, while they have black fur on their backs and a black cap. The Kaapori capuchin has brown fur on most of its body, but has darker fur toward their hands and feet, while they have a white ring around their face with a black cap.
The black striped capuchin has a light shade of brown fur, while the fur gets darker towards their limbs, and has a tiny black cap on it’s head. The black capuchin simply all very dark colored and have white colored cheeks and has a crown shaped black cap (Hill, 1960). The wedge capped capuchin has longer legs than other capuchins which gives them the ability to jump further than other capuchins, they have dark fur on their foreheads, while the rest of their fur is a lighter shade of brown. Males weigh more than the females and also have larger canines. Golden bellied capuchins have yellow fur surrounding their stomach, chest, and their some parts of their face: the forehead and the cheeks; while their hands feet, and their cap is black. Males are barely larger than female capuchins. The blond capuchin has a thick coat of blondish brown fur all around, but have a pink face with no facial
hair. 2) Tool Use among Wild Capuchins: According to the US National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health, studies have shown that capuchins utilize stone tools to help practice food processing. The capuchins use a specific stone tool depending on the proportions of the food, they are able to identify which size rock is appropriate for the size of the nut and also check if they’ll be able to carry it. Before capuchins crack the palm nut open, they tap or simply knock on the nut to see if there’s anything inside, if the nut sounds empty, they simply just skip over to the next nut and don’t pay anymore attention to the last one. Capuchins use a big enough rock to open up big palm nuts but good enough so the capuchin can be able to hold it up and hit the nut (Fragaszy, 2005). Capuchins in the wild have learnt the technique where they can walk on there legs and carry food or fruit with their hands, which saves them a lot of time and they are able to do more things at once. Capuchins have the ability to use sticks as investigating tools, to be able to examine a certain item before going near it. Capuchins possess many cunning abilities, a sense of adventure and are curious (Visalberghi, 1990). Capuchins are hand-based and perform many tasks such as insect picking with their fingers. Capuchins identify as small vertebrates and although many non-human primates are not able to use tools, capuchins are able to create tools to perform everyday tasks for themselves (van Schaik, 1999). 3) Tool Use among Captive Capuchins: There is an hypothesis that captive capuchins can outshine wild capuchins because wild capuchins are mentally and physically deficient than captive capuchins (Haslam, 2013). Captive capuchins are taught certain behaviors and are taught to act and perceive situations in a different way since birth. Captive capuchins also have the ability to use anvils and hammers to crack open nuts, and the ability to examine or investigate something. There was a study done where there was a crowd of capuchins made up of one adult male, two adult females, and three immature males were living together. The environment consisted of sand, stones, trees, and branches; their food was hidden by ice cubes and bags. After a while, one adult female broke an ice cube using a stone to get the food inside and was successful, after that there was no sign of tool use or creation. This study showed us how the capuchin monkeys are aware of cause and effect, which shows that capuchins kept in captivity have the ability to show their full potential (Bicca-Marques, 2007). 4) Comparison and Contrast of Wild and Captive Capuchins: All capuchins have the ability to open a nut using a rock or a stone, but captive capuchins are aware of the use of anvils and hammers to crack them open but wild capuchins are not aware since they are arboreal. Capuchins use a hard surface on the bottom of their nut, so the nut will scatter in place and so that the hammer will be able to crack it open completely. Wild capuchins know how to walk with just their legs and use their hands to carry food, which is a form of multitasking (Ottoni & Izar 2008). Captive capuchins do possess tool-making qualities, but they seem to only use them when they are being forced to, while wild capuchins use this technique every time they want to eat a nut and have become experts at cracking nuts with an anvil or a hammer. But this shows that tool-making comes naturally to the capuchins and is an innate behavior, and that nature has more play in this than nurture. Both capuchins use stone or rock and use a hard base to be able to crack a nut open. Although wild capuchins are more likely to use tools to acquire food that they have difficulty in possessing it and there will be more competition if there are signs of scarcity in food. 5) CONCLUSION: Man was always seen as the tool maker in the past, but now the capuchins have also started using tools to make their lives more efficient and easier. Capuchins having the ability to make tools and make use of them shows just how much their brain processes information and helps them solve problems just to be able to achieve something even though in this case it’s just nut. Capuchins are slowly evolving just like how they are able to walk just on two legs and how they are now able to build tools for them to use. Capuchins use many problem-solving and quick techniques to be able to obtain the food that they need to be able to keep their bodies fully nourished, and humans do the same. Humans will go through many struggles and many problems to be able to get possession of food if it’s scarce or hard to obtain. The capuchins are showing that they are capable of possessing the same abilities and perform the same tasks that humans can by fending for themselves, and using their cognitive skills to be able to find out how to crack open a nut to be able to get a hold of what’s inside the nut. Humans have the need to build, to create, to be adventurous and find new things in life, capuchins are curious creatures too.
de A, Moura A, Lee P. "Wild Capuchins Show Male-biased Feeding Tool Use." International Journal of Primatolgy 31.3 (2010): 457-470. Academic Search Premier. 25 April 2014. .
The physical characteristics of a gorilla are, the male may be from a height of 5.5 ft and a weight of about 400 lbs. The female can be as tall as 5 ft. and weight almost about half the weight of the male. Their skull is pretty much similar to ours, but their bones are thicker. The gorillas spin...
I visited the Sacramento Zoo during the afternoon of April 21, 2017. The weather was wonderful, sunny, warm, and there was a slight breeze. It got a bit more breezy the longer I was there. Visiting the zoo to observe primates allowed me to become a little more aware of how primatologists study primates. Even though I’ve been to many different zoos several different times, I never realized how many primates were associated with the zoos, as well as the variety of primates in the zoos. The Sacramento Zoo has eight different primates, all in different classifications, superfamilies, or subfamilies. While observing the Chimpanzees, White-Handed Gibbon, Mongoose Lemur, White-Faced Saki, and the Wolf’s Guenon I could see the differences
Manson, J.H.; Perry, S.; Parish, A.R. (1997). "Nonconceptive Sexual Behavior in Bonobos and Capuchins". International Journal of Primatology 767–86
Myotis lucifugus are easily identified when they're being handled, but are hard to tell apart from other species when in flight. Their fur is glossy with a variety of colors ranging from tan to red or dark brown. Their stomachs are a lighter color, with their wings and leg being almost black. Their wings, ears and face have little or no fur on them. Little brown bats have a wingspan that can reach 11in, weigh anywhere from 5 to 14g and have a body length between 2.5 to 4in. Females are usually bigger than males, allowing them to easily carry their pups. Their distinct wings, which set them apart from every other mammal and birds are a thin extension of skin that is supported by bones that have evolved from regular forelimbs. (Myers, P. "Bat Wings and Tails." 2014). They fly at an average of 12 miles/hour but can reach up to 22 miles/hour. Their fore and hind limbs have five medapodial. Although those characteristics might seem similar to many other bats, theres a big difference in their skull. Little Brown Bats lacks a saggital crest, which is where the jaw muscles would be attached. They have 38...
tail. They have gray or rosy brown backs with lighter gray or brown hind legs and have
Bigfoot also known popularly as the Sasquatch, Momo, Skunk Ape, the list goes on and on, is without a doubt, the most famous of all hairy man-like creatures. The following will make you a believer in this overseen creature, it made me one. Bigfoot is seen in every possible location throughout the North American Continent, mountains, swamps, forests, crossing desolate and some not so desolate roadways and on open farmland. While its demeanor varies from docile to curios to almost threatening, its general appearance varies. Bigfoot is a massive animal, its average height is seven and a half feet tall, its weight is said be between 400-500 pounds. It is covered almost completely in fur, and its fur ranges in color from the moist widespread dark red-brown to brown, black, red, gray and even white. It leaves its footprints behind as a calling card, almost taunting the researchers that reverently research this undiscovered animal. While its prints resemble mans, they are characteristically large in comparison, and instead of the weight distribution being concentrated under the heel and ball as in the arched human foot, the weight distribution is more evenly distributed over the flat, yielding Bigfoot foot. Most often the prints have five toes, occasionally however the tracks are apparently three toed. The three toed tracks can be theorized several ways; that there is a unique variety of Bigfoot in existence, while resembling the five toed Bigfoot closely, it retains a few distinguishing characteristics; another theory is that some soil conditions can cause the toes of Bigfoot to 'clump' together. The proportion of three toed tracks in comparison to the five toed tracks seems to indicate that three toes is the exception to the norm, and that it is the result of some environmental peculiarity. The main physical characteristics attributed to Bigfoot, other than size and foot shape, are that it is bipedal and upright, has wide shoulders and a heavy brow ridge. Its eyes are sometimes said to appear to be red in color, but are mainly reported as yellow. Although no discernible language has ever been placed with Bigfoot creatures, they are very vocal. Witnesses have reported high pitched wails and low, growling roars, either before and/or after visually spotting a Sasquatch. On some occasions the sounds have been heard from two or more locations at the same time, apparently in communication with one another.
Chipmunks have short, dense body fur. It is the same color for males and females. This is a reddish-brown with black and white hairs. The cheeks and sides of the body are grayish-tan to tawny brown.
However, this rare subspecies has several distinct characteristics such as white flecks on the shoulders, a cowlick on the back (a cowlick is a tuft of hair that cannot easily be flattened), and a crook in the tail. This is formed by the last three bones in the tail, which are bent, forming the stump on the end. Panthers have an average length of six to nine feet from the nose to the tip of the tail, stand up to twenty-eight inches in height, and weigh from fifty to one hundred-thirty pounds. These panthers are solitary and territorial animals and seldomly live together except for mating season.... ... middle of paper ...
In 1782, the bald eagle was elected as the national symbol of the United States of America, yet by the early 1960’s, it was nearly extinct in the Continental United States. A combination of many dangers, with the main danger being the pesticide DDT, the bald eagle was on the verge of extinction. Yet, through conservation measure applied by the United States government the bald eagle cam back from the brink and was taken off of the endangered species list in 2007.
“I began to weep, and the tear-blurred vision in red before me looked very familiar."Doodle!" I screamed above the pounding storm and threw my body to the earth above his. For a long long time, it seemed forever, I lay there crying, sheltering my fallen scarlet ibis from the heresy of the rain" (225). The narrator shows how he felt when he finds his brother Doodle lying dead. The author of The Scarlet Ibis uses emotions to illustrate the protagonist’s personality. On a farm in 1911 during World War I a handicapped child named William Armstrong is born and is not thought to survive. However, miraculously he does and his brother renames him to Doodle, and teaches him how to walk because he is embarrassed of having a handicapped brother. His parents see the ability. Walk as a huge improvement, but the brother pushes Doodle to his limits eventually killing him. In the short story The Scarlet Ibis, the author effectively uses elements of short stories to illustrate the protagonist. The author James Hurst of The Scarlet Ibis uses characterization, mood, and conflict to illustrate the protagonist. The first way that the author illustrates the protagonist is through characterization.
A Tufted deer has a long neck and a sleek body. The coat has short stiff hairs that are black in winter and are chocolate brown. The lips, ears, tail, and underside are white. The tufted deer uses its white tail to confuse attackers. There is also a horseshoe shaped marking on its forehead that can be seen no matter what color the coat is. It is fifty to seventy centimeters tall and can weigh from thirty-seven lb to sixty-six lb. The male has antlers that are barely visible because they are so short. Also strands of hair grow long enough to cover antlers. Its tail is very short only around ten centimeters. The head and neck are more grey than the rest of the body and the ears have white highlight markings. It is pretty short so can sometimes be mistaken for a wild hog if only seen for a brief period of time. Males canines can grow so
The fur of the Siberian tiger is long, thick and yellow with dark black stripes running through it. The coat of this animal is reddish colored in the summer months. The underside of the Siberian tiger is bright white, and the tail area is white and black.
Sikes, Roberts. and William L. Gannon. "Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the Use of Wild Mammals in Research." Journal of Mammalogy 92.1 (Feb. 2011): 235-253. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 5 Oct. 2011.